Showing papers in "Epilepsy Research in 2006"

TL;DR: There is a remarkable array of new chemical entities in the current antiepileptic drug (AED) development pipeline, and some pipeline compounds are believed to act through conventional targets, whereas others are structurally novel and may act by novel mechanisms.

TL;DR: The efforts of the International League against Epilepsy to devise classifications of the epilepsies has greatly improved communication among epileptologists and influenced both basic and clinical research.

TL;DR: Overall, the data reviewed indicate that considerable advances have been made in understanding the modes of action of the ketogenic diet, its efficacy and tolerability profiles and its potential role in different types of epilepsy.

TL;DR: The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy are high among the elderly as mentioned in this paper and the risk of osteoporosis is high among elderly women taking antiepileptic drugs, which underscores the importance of assessing bone health and treatment in this group.

TL;DR: A recognizable pattern is identified that is proposed to call Devastating Epileptic encephalopathy in School-age Children (DESC) that begins with prolonged SE triggered by fever of unknown cause, and persists as intractable perisylvian epilepsy with severe cognitive deterioration.

TL;DR: Three hundred and six-channel MEG has a similarly high sensitivity to record IED as EEG and appears to be complementary, especially in the case of lateral neocortical epilepsy and/or cortical dysplasia in one-third of the EEG-negative patients.

TL;DR: Clinoelectrical characteristics and differential points strongly indicate the efficiency of the developmental study to delineate both Ohtahara syndrome and EME.

TL;DR: Severity of ESES can vary over time between and within patients and clinical status does not always directly correlate with SWI, however, the prognosis of LKS is substantially better than CSWS and these two disorders could be classified in a dichotomous manner rather than be seen as two points along a continuum.

TL;DR: Far from only detecting me-too drugs, the animal models often uncover compounds with distinctive profiles of activity in various types of epilepsy and in addition have unexpected efficacy in non-epilepsy conditions, such as neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine.

TL;DR: The circuitry and events leading to absence seizure generation within the corticothalamic network are reviewed, a comprehensive review of the synaptic location and function of mGluRs within the thalamus and cerebral cortex are presented, and the current knowledge ofmGluR modulation and seizure generation is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this conference review, the current status of antiepileptic therapies under development is critically assessed, and innovative approaches for future therapies are highlighted.

TL;DR: The results suggest that complex MDR expression changes not only in the hippocampus but in the Gph may play a role in AED pharmacoresistance in intractable epilepsy patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) by altering the permeability of AEDs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that antibodies to VGKC are present in 6% of patients with typical long-standing epilepsy, but whether these antibodies are pathogenic or secondary to the primary disease process needs to be determined.

TL;DR: Evaluated AEDs are among the drug classes most commonly implicated as causing adverse drug reactions in an aged population; age alone is one of several contributors to alterations in AED response in the elderly; other factors include physical frailty, co-morbidities, dietary influences, and drug interactions.

TL;DR: Common forms of FSs are genetically complex disorders believed to be influenced by variations in several susceptibility genes, but the results vary among different groups and no consistent or convincing FS susceptibility genes have emerged.

TL;DR: The available data suggest that some of the new AEDs have fewer effects on cognition and memory than the older AEDS, and these differences can have clinical impact.

TL;DR: The results indicate that increased neurogenesis after seizures alters the one-to-one relationship between astrocytes and DCX-labeled newly generated neurons at the base of the granule cell layer, and suggest that the synapses on DCX -labeled hilar basal dendrites contribute to the persistence of hilar basalDendrites on neurons born after pilocarpine-induced seizures.

TL;DR: Basic principles of the neurobiology of aging were reviewed and potential mechanisms of hippocampal plasticity during aging were discussed, including long-term potentiation, changes in functional connectivity, and increased gap junctions, the latter possibly being related to enhanced network excitability.

TL;DR: Benefit of felbamate therapy supports its use as an important therapeutic option for some patients with refractory epilepsy, as shown by the number of patients who continue to use it.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that pregabalin has an anticonvulsant mechanism different from the prototype antiepileptic drugs and similar to that of gabapentin except with increased potency and bioavailability.

TL;DR: The present study confirms the severity and intractability of the seizures and the difficulties to make an early diagnosis in Dravet syndrome.

TL;DR: The clinical spectrum of epilepsies harboring SCN1A mutations may be consisted of various phenotypes with GEFS+ on the mildest end and SMEI on the severest end of the spectrum.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the two syndromes may represent a continuum and that the prominence of tonic seizures in the Ohtahara syndrome may be an indication of brainstem dysfunction which may play an important role in the subsequent transition to infantile spasms.

TL;DR: There is a need for more data to better understand management of elderly patients with both convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus, and Lorazepam, because of ease of use, is probably the best drug for the initial treatment of overt GCSE in the elderly; phenobarbital may be the bestdrug for subtleGCSE in this group, but more data are needed.

TL;DR: The pathomechanism of "channel trafficking abnormality" may provide a new paradigm to channelopathy to unsolved questions underlying epilepsy, such as differences between generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy.

TL;DR: Assessment of quantitative diffusion characteristics of the hippocampus with high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in temporal lobe epilepsy found that hippocampal integrity may assist in evaluating TLE patients with normal MRI, and in longitudinal studies.

TL;DR: Monitoring select cognitive and behavioral features in BECTS appears appropriate, and relative weaknesses in fine motor control, visual learning, and attention in the presence of overall normal intellect are found.

TL;DR: The incidence of epilepsy has significantly declined in both children and adults with a concurrent increase in the incidence among the elderly with further studies needed to elucidate the precise cause of these temporal changes.

TL;DR: Zonisamide is structurally distinct from other AEDs and has multiple and complementary mechanisms of action, which likely contribute to its efficacy across a broad range of epilepsy types.

TL;DR: Focusing on nonlinearity by using a combination of nonlinear measures with surrogates appears as the key to a successful characterization of the spatial distribution of the epileptic process.