Showing papers in "European Journal of Applied Physiology in 1973"

On the body composition of the Eskimo

Abstract: The body composition of 74 adult Eskimos (33 males, 41 females) has been determined by a Deuterium oxide dilution method. The figures for lean mass are comparable with those for the “white” population when reported on an absolute basis, but are larger if expressed per unit of standing height. Percentages of body fat (average 13.4% in males, 22.6% in females) are at least as high as encountered in many series of college students, despite very low skinfold readings; the possibility is suggested that body fat has a different regional distribution in the Eskimo. Blood volumes as measured by a carbon monoxide method are in the high normal range (95.7 ml/kg in the males, 91.0 ml/kg in the females); however, lower values in hunters (83.6 ml/kg) than in settlement Eskimos (94.6 ml/kg) suggests that dehydration may be incurred during hunting trips. If so, the deuterium method may over-estimate the body fat of the hunters.

Physiological characteristics and performance of the white-water paddler

Abstract: Tests have been completed on 10 men and 2 women, all aspirant members of the Canadian national white-water team. Objective scores account for some 75% of the variation in ability noted by the team coach, and can provide (i) a useful counterweight to errors of judgement by the coach, and (ii) indications for an individualized training programme. The successful white-water paddler is characterized by many years of experience, a substantial standing height and lean body mass, good general muscle development with particular emphasis on the leg muscles, a good but not outstanding aerobic power, an above-average vital capacity, and tolerance of a large oxygen debt; control of body fat does not seem particularly vital to success. The maximum heart rate and the parameters of the recovery curve seem as in the normal population; however, a single Astrand nomogram prediction does not provide adequate information on the aerobic power of the individual athlete.

Methodische Untersuchung zur indirekten Bestimmung der maximalen O2-Aufnahme

Abstract: An 78 mAnnlichen Personen im Alter von 9 bis 25 Jahren, aufgeteilt in vier Altersgruppen (9 bis 10, 13 bis 14, 17 bis 18, 20 bis 25 Jahre), wurden Bestimmungen der W170 und maximale Arbeitsversuche sowohl bei stufenweise als auch bei kontinuierlich ansteigender Leistung durchgefuhrt. Gemessen wurden die O2-Aufnahme und die Pulsfrequenz bei submaximalen und maximalen Belastungen.

Body composition, work capacity, and work efficiency of active and inactive young men

Abstract: On 46 healthy young men, of whom 18 took part in strenuous sport at least once a week, height, weight, total body fat (as % of body mass) and lean body mass (LBM) were determined. The subjects performed submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer and climbing on an upwardly inclined treadmill at work loads of 60, 110, and 140 watts. Oxygen consumption (\(\dot V_{O_2 }\)), respiratory quotient (RQ), energy expenditure (ė), and heart rate (fH) were measured at rest and at each work load, and maximum oxygen intake (\(\dot V_{O_2 }\)max) and physical work capacity (PWC150, PWC170) were calculated.

Relaxationseigenschaften menschlicher Sehnen

Abstract: Dehnt man eine Sehne bis zu einer bestimmten Spannung und hAlt dann die LAnge konstant, so fAllt die Spannung zuerst schnell und dann zunehmend langsamer ab. Diese „ReIaxationseigenschaft“ wurde an 177 nichtkonservierten Sehnen des M. peroneus longus und M. peroneus brevis menschlicher Leichen (Alter 39 bis 93 Jahre) mit variierter Ausgangsspannung systematisch untersucht. Die Relaxationswerte nach 5 und nach 60 sec wurden statistisch ausgewertet. Die Relaxation ist beim 60 sec-Wert annAhernd der Ausgangsspannung proportional, der relative 5 sec-Wert wird mit zunehmender Ausgangsspannung kleiner, d. h. die Kurve fAllt flacher ab, steuert jedoch Ahnlichen Endwerten zu. Mit zunehmender Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit wird die Relaxation gro\er. Die Relaxation wird mit zunehmendem Alter kleiner. Der Alterseinflu\ und die schwAchere Relaxation der Sehnen von Frauen ist durch die unterschiedlichen SehnenquerschnittflAchen nicht zu erklAren.

Untersuchung über die Reproduzierbarkeit von Hand-Tremormessungen

Abstract: Eine Me\anordnung zur Registrierung des Tremors wird beschrieben. Fur intraindividuelle Streuungen des Tremors werden, bei konstanten Versuchsbedingungen, Werte um 10% gefunden. Interindividuell treten unterschiedliche Werte bis zu 1000% auf. Aus den Untersuchungen wird geschlossen, da\ die Tremoramplitude als eine personenspezifische Kenngro\e angesehen werden kann.

Quantitative subjective assessment of fatigue in static muscle effort

Abstract: The possibility of subjective assessment of fatigue in a static muscle load has been demonstrated. Six subjects performed a static muscle exercise with 25, 35 and 45% of their voluntary maximum force. They quantified their subjective feeling of fatigue by means of an assessment scale. The method of fatigue assessment used in these experiments appears to be very reliable and the discriminatory power is great. Differences in assessment of fatigue between the three imposed loads were already significant after 1 min in the working period; they became more significant during this period. They differed also in the first minute of recovery. This method of fatigue assessment has a greater discriminatory power than recording of heart rate.