Showing papers in "European Journal of Marketing in 1984"
TL;DR: In this article, a service quality model based on test of a sample of business executives, which describes how the quality of services is perceived by customers, is proposed, in which functional quality is seen to be a very important dimension of a perceived service.
Abstract: Proposes to develop a service quality model, based on test of a sample of business executives, which describes how the quality of services is perceived by customers. Looks at its marketing implications, in which functional quality is seen to be a very important dimension of a perceived service. Concludes that quality dimensions are interrelated and that the importance of image should be recognised.
6,179 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the literature on the subject, looking at the conspicuous customer, for whom the cost of a purchase is only of real significance and not the product, and suggested, from the literature, that consumer behaviour and demand for status goods and services need further investigation.
Abstract: States that status and prestige considerations play a significant part in shopping preferences for products, which, although they appear to have a direct utility, serve only as a means of displaying wealth and purchasing power. Examines the literature on the subject, looking at the conspicuous customer, for whom the cost of a purchase is only of real significance and not the product. Suggests, from the literature, that consumer behaviour and demand for status goods and services needs further investigation.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a monograph about the ingredients of a winning new product strategy, about strategic decisions on markets, technologies, products that result in a successful innovation programme.
Abstract: Product innovation is central to the success of most companies The rewards of a successful innovation programme are highly visible in terms of sales, profits and growth But not so apparent are the strategies that underlie these product innovation efforts This monograph is about the ingredients of a winning new product strategy — about strategic decisions on markets, technologies, products — that result in a successful innovation programme
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 200 generic purchasers in the UK revealed that conditions are suitable for the development of generic ranges within the grocery sector within the UK, and discussed individual generic ranges based on a series of interviews with senior personnel in major retailers.
Abstract: Discusses individual generic ranges based on a series of interviews with senior personnel in major retail companies. Presents data from a survey of 200 generic purchasers, outlining the methodology and findings. Reveals that, in the UK, conditions are suitable for the development of generic ranges within the grocery sector.
79 citations
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TL;DR: The concept of marketing as a process of "matching" as mentioned in this paper may provide a more coherent framework for any extended concept of the marketing function and marketing-oriented management, and the concept of exchange when applied to many managerial problems associated with social or non-business marketing.
Abstract: Challenges the emerging exchange paradigm of marketing, by critically examining the current extension of marketing thought on the subject. Suggests that the concept of exchange when applied to many managerial problems associated with social or non‐business marketing. Concludes that the concept of marketing as a process of “matching” — aligning the relationships between organizations and/or individuals — may provide a more coherent framework for any extended concept of the marketing function and marketing‐oriented management.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a search of the literature revealing a wide variation in the understanding of marketing strategy is carried out, and a process for defining marketing strategy using three key levels: the overall strategic planning of the company; a framework developed from this from which marketing strategy should be developed; and the actual marketing strategy.
Abstract: Investigates the understanding of marketing strategy and the differentiation and clarification of concepts used in conjunction with it. Carries out a search of the literature revealing a wide variation in the understanding of marketing strategy. Develops a process for defining marketing strategy using three key levels: the overall strategic planning of the company; a framework developed from this from which marketing strategy should be developed; and the actual marketing strategy. Concludes that a firm needs to establish the strategic planning framework in defining its marketing strategy and its component parts. Suggests that failure to do so leads to ineffective definition, implementation and effectiveness of strategies.
59 citations
TL;DR: The authors states that marketing theory experienced a scientific crisis 30 years ago and a new paradigm of functionalism emerged, however, current thinking in marketing reflects the older paradigm of "normal science" and suggests a research agenda rooted in the functionalist paradigm.
Abstract: States that marketing theory experienced a scientific crisis 30 years ago and a new paradigm of “functionalism” emerged, however, current thinking in marketing reflects the older paradigm of “normal science”. Suggests a research agenda rooted in the “functionalist” paradigm. Concludes that the “functionalist” paradigm provides a general analytical framework for the study of marketing in which the firm is placed in the hierarchy of marketing systems, which can be used to guide research in marketing.
56 citations
TL;DR: Extending the "wheel of retailing" hypothesis by developing hypotheses dealing with product behaviour, this article evaluated these hypotheses with historical data which have begun to change according to the 'wheel' and found that retail change is closely linked to environmental factors, including innovation diffusion and product life cycles.
Abstract: Extends the “wheel of retailing” hypothesis by developing hypotheses dealing with product behaviour Evaluates these hypotheses with historical data which have begun to change according to the “wheel of retailing” Reveals that these hypotheses suggest that retail change is closely linked to environmental factors, including innovation diffusion and product life cycles Concludes that retail change is therefore also an historical problem and that it is wise to investigate the specific history of retail firms in order for its implementation to be effective
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess if perceived risk is a determinant of supermarket patronage using Saudi Arabia as an example and conclude that perceived risk leads to variations in grocery shopping characteristics.
Abstract: States that perceived risk is an integral component of contemporary models/theories of consumer behaviour. Assesses if perceived risk is a determinant of supermarket patronage using Saudi Arabia as an example. Draws the conclusions that: perceived risk is a determinant of supermarket patronage in developing countries; and it leads to variations in grocery shopping characteristics.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the role of local government in the marketing of non-profit organizations, and conclude that the growth pressure being put on local government to justify the existence of their nonprofit making organizations means that marketing in this area must become an important factor.
Abstract: Looks at the application of marketing philosophy to non‐profit‐making organizations, looks briefly at the work of Kotler and Levy. Examines similarities between non‐profit‐making and profit‐making organizations, and investigates the role of local government in the marketing of non‐profit‐organizations. Concludes that the growth pressure being put on local government to justify the existence of their non‐profit‐making organizations means that the role of marketing in this area must become an important factor.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at the historical background of museums, stating that there is no national museum service, and that the administration of museums lies in a variety of hands: departments of central government, county councils, district councils, private companies, trustees, etc.
Abstract: Looks at the historical background of museums, stating that there is no national museum service, and that the administration of museums lies in a variety of hands: departments of central government, county councils, district councils, private companies, trustees, etc. Examines the marketing of museums and its research. Reveals that, despite there being a call for a more scientific approach towards museum surveys, little appears to have been done either at a national or international level. Concludes that there is a need to analyse people's needs in order to make a museum a viable project.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide case studies from the industrial market of practical problems faced by companies in organizing new product activity and place emphasis on the complexity and uniqueness of organizational planning for individual firms.
Abstract: Provides case studies from the industrial market of practical problems faced by companies in organizing new product activity. Places emphasis on the complexity and uniqueness of organizational planning for individual firms. Concludes that there is a need for a contingency approach to new product organization and also development of the managers responsible for such an approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that after more than a century, the public library movement in the UK still does not have a coherent sense of purpose, or a strong public image, and that marketing could provide a basis for their improvement.
Abstract: Outlines the rationale for a marketing approach to the management of public library services. Looks at the history of public library services and their social and technological changes. Concludes that, after more than a century, the public library movement in the UK still does not have a coherent sense of purpose, or a strong public image, and that marketing could provide a basis for their improvement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explain the concept of market segmentation and use the results of two surveys carried out in two urban areas of the UK to illustrate how leisure centre managers might improve their performance in terms of volume and cost effectiveness.
Abstract: Explains the concept of market segmentation and uses the results of two surveys carried out in two urban areas of the UK to illustrate how leisure centre managers might improve their performance in terms of volume and cost‐effectiveness. Reveals that the concept of customer segmentation within a catchment area does have some practical validity, and that there is evidence to suggest a planned approach to managing a leisure centre using this information would be of benefit.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply product life cycle theory to international trade especially with regard to competition in the form of low-cost imports, by using the textile industry as a case in point.
Abstract: States that product life cycle theory has been applied to many industries and has proved successful in identifying future product and service strategies. Looks at how this theory can be applied to international trade especially with regard to competition in the form of low‐cost imports, by using the textile industry a case in point. Emphasizes the need to recognize the changing environment within the textile industry suggesting that businessmen should be aware of the constant process of change in order that they might survive.
TL;DR: In this article, the best current product innovation practice is discussed and the organizational arrangements currently used by firms which are regular product innovators in order to guide those which are less active.
Abstract: Examines best current product innovation practice. Describes the organizational arrangements currently used by firms which are regular product innovators in order to guide those which are less active. Centres on measuring the properties of loose/tight organization structures in relation to corporate renewal through product innovation. Presents results which suggest that there are important organizational differences between high‐tech firms which are active, experienced product innovators and those which are not.
TL;DR: This paper developed an approach to the discipline of macro-marketing as a means for discussion by considering: scope and domain of macromarketing; classification of research issues at a general level; and major macro-makings issues facing different groups in various developed and underdeveloped countries.
Abstract: Develops an approach to the discipline of macro‐marketing as a means for discussion. Approaches the task of agenda by considering: scope and domain of macro‐marketing; classification of research issues at a general level; and major macro‐marketing issues facing different groups in various developed and underdeveloped countries. Concludes that the promise of macro‐marketing as an emergent field is a function of the research directions this field takes; suggests, further, that these directions are a product of social processes and therefore not a matter of prescription or infallible predictions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at the practical applications of marketing principles to the management of library services in the UK and assess the place of market research in the planning cycle and describe and review a variety of tactical responses.
Abstract: Looks at the practical applications of marketing principles to the management of library services in the UK. Assesses the place of market research in the planning cycle and describes and reviews a variety of tactical responses. Concludes that the public library service in the UK will probably develop unconventional avenues of marketing, e.g. allowing people to tele‐order groceries via a computer installed in a local library, in order for them to reach a great consumer audience.
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 30 companies in the UK found that product features and design features can be added or deleted through decisions from either of these phases, and that business evaluation and business evaluation can influence one another.
Abstract: Provides a preliminary exploration of the control of new product development in the UK by means of a survey of 30 companies. Identifies interactions between business evaluation, development and screening. Concludes that development and business evaluation can influence one another, and that product features and design features etc. can be added or deleted through decisions from either of these phases.
TL;DR: In this article, the meaning of marketing and leisure in the context of the leisure industry is considered, and the extent to which consumer behaviour in general can be conceived of as leisure is discussed.
Abstract: Suggests research themes and conceptual extensions which may be useful to researchers of the leisure industry in the marketing context who are trying to increase commencial productivity or disciplinary relevance of their work. Examines two disparate issues which arise when the meaning of marketing and leisure is considered: the meaning of leisure in the context of marketing; and the meaning of marketing in the context of leisure. Concludes that researchers in the leisure marketing area should be aware of the extent to which consumer behaviour in general can be conceived of as leisure; local authorities can make use of the principles of commercial marketing; and knowledge of either of these areas can make organizations more responsive to the needs of their customers.
TL;DR: In this article, the purpose of public libraries must be clearly established and objectives defined in order to justify their existence in some instances, and it is only through the involvement of the library's public that it can hope to survive.
Abstract: States that public libraries are under threat of decreased financial resources owing to government expenditure restrictions. Suggests that the purpose of public libraries must be clearly established and objectives defined in order to justify their existence in some instances. Looks at traditional librarianship and then at needs‐based librarianship, providing a model to and in the establishment of library objectives and purpose. Proposes that the model will provide a basis on which to build an open and responsive public library service. Concludes that it is only through the involvement of the library's public that it can hope to survive.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose that managers in local authorities, who are responsible for the marketing of recreation and leisure services should understand the role that astute use of sales promotion can play in their marketing campaigns.
Abstract: States that, owing to major change in the field of marketing in the past 20 years, there has been an increase in the use of sales promotion. Proposes that managers in local authorities, who are responsible for the marketing of recreation and leisure services should understand the role that astute use of sales promotion can play in their marketing campaigns. Examines the meaning of sales promotion and gives a list of commonly used promotions given by local government. Reveals that careful planning, execution and evaluation of sales promotion can make it a useful tool for the recreation and leisure service manager.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a conceptual framework and a specific procedure for implementing the power potential approach for middlemen relationships in the private sector, and provide a detailed practical example employing the approach.
Abstract: States that a key problem in the emerging area of social marketing that has not received adequate and empirical treatment is the building and management of middlemen relationships. Offers an approach to this problem based on social science concepts of power used in sales management and channel discussions in the private sector. Develops a conceptual framework and a specific procedure for its implementation. Provides a detailed practical example employing the power potential approach. Outlines four key advantages of the approach over its two major competitors, and gives a description of three other alternative research paradigms for comparison. Suggests that the power potential approach represents a significant advance in theory and practice in the area of middlemen relationships.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of predictive models in the product testing stage of new product development is examined and the practical problems and acceptability of such models are identified by examining problems.
Abstract: Examines the potential of predictive models in the product testing stage of new product development. Draws on experience gained from a series of interviews with senior managers in the marketing departments of advertising and market research agencies and manufacturers of fast‐moving goods in the confectionery industry. Aims to give insight into the practical problems and acceptability of such models. Identifies alternatives to the models by examining problems in new product development. Reveals that no standard approaches are common in the confectionery industry especially and suggests that evidence militates against the use of models in the product testing stage of new product development.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The UK Hops Marketing Board's marketing arrangements prior to, and since, entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) as a case study of changing marketing techniques in the agricultural sector is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Outlines the UK Hops Marketing Board's marketing arrangements prior to, and since, entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) as a case study of changing marketing techniques in the agricultural sector. Examines the views and attitudes of hop growers in the West Midlands towards the changing structures. Concludes that the UK hop grower is unhappy over his future role, with a considerable resentment of both the EEC and new marketing practices.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose that libraries should focus on marketing their services in order to establish their cost-effectiveness, and look at the dynamics of marketing: identify your product, identify your market, and bring product and market together.
Abstract: States that the present recession and associated government policy on local authority expenditure has hit hard at library services throughout the UK. Proposes that libraries should focus on marketing their services in order to establish their cost‐effectiveness. Looks at the dynamics of marketing: identify your product, identify your market, and bring product and market together. Examines how this can be implemented in the library area to establish the role of the organization and thus its effectiveness. Proposes that the library organization will only survive if it takes into account all these factors.
TL;DR: The importance of the Pacific Rim in terms of its market potential and economic growth was examined in this paper, and the extent to which it rivals the European Community, and also the implications of the developments in the Pacific rim for international marketing strategy.
Abstract: Examines the importance of the Pacific Rim in terms of its market potential and of economic growth. Looks at the extent to which it rivals the European Community, and also the implications of the developments in the Pacific Rim for international marketing strategy. Concludes that the Pacific Rim is a reality with respect to the economic development of several Pacific Rim countries over the past decade, and with respect to the level of trade within that area. Proposes, however, that it is still a vision with respect to developing close formal ties with the European Community.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that the 1980s will cause a shift of trends in the area of consumerism, owing to a rapid increase in unemployment and a reduction in incomes.
Abstract: Proposes that the 1980s will cause a shift of trends in the area of consumerism, owing to a rapid increase in unemployment and a reduction in incomes. Investigates how consumerism could behave in these circumstances, looking in particular at the situation in The Netherlands. Concludes that the future of any organization lies in the extent of its recognizing social trends and needs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the possible effects of product liability legislation on marketing activity and found that, generally, although the declared purpose of PLL legislation is to protect consumers from specific purchasing hazards, it actually rather causes harm and infringes their economic welfare.
Abstract: Analyses the possible effects of product liability legislation on marketing activity. Studies the effects on consumer behaviour of such legislation by means of a buying behaviour model. Uses these effects to further analyses the same effects on various components of the manufacturers' marketing mix and strategy. Concludes that, generally, although the declared purpose of product liability legislation is to protect consumers from specific purchasing hazards, it actually rather causes harm and infringes their economic welfare. Reveals, also, that, on the producer's side, market structure will be more unstable.