Showing papers in "European Journal of Pharmacology in 2001"

TL;DR: The cellular pathobiology including apoptosis suggests future strategies against neuropathic pain that emphasize preventive aspects, and an important sequela of nerve injury and other nervous system diseases such as virus attack is apoptosis of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system.

TL;DR: There is now substantial evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the injurious and inflammatory responses in airways diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and effective antioxidant therapy that has good bioavailability and potency is not available.

TL;DR: Recent molecular and functional evidence suggests that the activation of B(1) receptors with an agonist may afford a novel therapeutic approach in the CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorder encountered in multiple sclerosis by reducing immune cell infiltration (T-lymphocytes) into the brain.

TL;DR: The advance in the understanding of the biogenesis of various endogenous opioid peptides, their anatomical distribution, and the characteristics of the multiple receptors with which they interact open a new avenue for understanding the role of opioid peptide systems in chronic pain.

TL;DR: The clinical manifestations of neuronal hyperexcitability due to nervous system lesions is described and a mechanism-based classification has been proposed, which is an attractive approach because it provides a frame for a rationally based therapy of neuropathic pains.

TL;DR: Clinical and experimental data indicate that leukocytes and neutrophils in particular, are important targets for modulatory effects of macrolides on host defense responses, which underlies the use of the 14-membered macrolide erythromycin for the therapy of diffuse panbronchiolitis.

TL;DR: This unique pharmacological profile of ziprasidone may be related to its clinical effectiveness as a treatment for the positive, negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia with a low propensity for extrapyramidal side effects, cognitive deficits and weight gain.

TL;DR: The endogenous fatty acid ethanolamide, palmitylethanolamide, alleviated, in a dose-dependent manner, pain behaviors elicited in mice by injections of formalin, acetic acid, kaolin, magnesium sulfate, capsaicin, and thermal nociception, and this results support the hypothesis that endogenous Palmityle Thanolamide participates in the intrinsic control of pain initiation.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that cortical neurons produce anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol in a receptor-dependent manner, and that brain neurons may generate different endocannabinoid lipids depending on their complement of neurotransmitter receptors.

TL;DR: The action of antidepressants on cell proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or [3H]thymidine incorporation) was studied in the adult rat hippocampus in vivo and in neural precursors (immature rat cerebellar granule cells) in vitro.

TL;DR: Peripheral NMDA receptors offer a very attractive target for NMDA receptor antagonists that do not cross the blood brain barrier in inflammatory and visceral pain and such agents might be predicted to be devoid of CNS side effects at doses producing powerful antinociception at peripheralNMDA receptors.

TL;DR: A role for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in modulating seizure activity in a whole animal model is established and it is established that the anticonvulsant effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and WIN 55,212-2 are cannabinoid CB 1 receptor-mediated while the anticoagulant activity of cannabidiol is not.

TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that melatonin inhibits the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, and prevents the organ injury associated with shock, inflammation and ischemia and reperfusion.

TL;DR: Aloe-emodin induces CH27 cell death by the Bax and Fas death pathway, and the activation of caspase-3, caspases-8, and casp enzyme-9 is an important determinant of apoptotic death induced by aloe- emodin.

TL;DR: It is shown that apocynin (4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-acetophenone or acetovanillone), a non-toxic compound isolated from the medicinal plant Picrorhiza kurroa, selectively inhibits reactive oxygen species production by activated human neutrophils, and could be a prototype of a novel series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

TL;DR: This review is focussed on the effects of doxorubicin on mechanical performance and the molecular changes observed and related to mechanical performance in skinned cardiac trabeculae after acute and chronic administration ofDoxorubsicin.

TL;DR: The presence of a ketone at C-3 implies an increase in the inhibitory effects on models related to 5-lipoxygenase activity and on associated in vivo inflammatory processes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cannabinoids elicit profound coronary and cerebral vasodilation in vivo by direct activation of vascular cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, rather than via autoregulation, a decrease in sympathetic tone or, in the case of anandamide, the action of a non-cannabinoid metabolite.

TL;DR: The effect of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin herein described were observed with concentrations in the range of the nocturnal surge, providing the first evidence for a possible physiological role of these hormones in acute inflammation.

TL;DR: Results suggest this potent P2Y1 receptor antagonist to be a promising tool to evaluate the in vivo effects of pharmacologically targeting the P2y1 receptor with a view to antithrombotic therapy.

TL;DR: It is concluded that prucalopride is a potent, selective and specific 5-HT(4) receptor agonist, intended for treatment of intestinal motility disorders.

TL;DR: There are sex differences in the behavioral effects of cannabinoids in the rat, and all three cannabinoid agonists produced greater effects in females than males in two or more behavioral tests.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the sedative/hypnotic effect of GHB is mediated by the stimulation of GABA B receptors and add further support to the hypothesis that the GABA B receptor constitutes a central site of action ofGHB.

TL;DR: The B vitamins antinociceptive effect may involve inhibition of the synthesis and/or action of inflammatory mediators since it was not observed in the hot-plate model, was not reversed by naloxone, and formaldehyde-induced hindpaw oedema was reduced.

TL;DR: It is suggested that moderate to heavy MDMA exposure over 48 h may lead to increased anxiety and memory impairment 3 months later, possibly through a neurotoxic effect on brain serotonin systems.

TL;DR: The results indicate that levosimendan opens mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opening activity employing rat liver mitochondria.

TL;DR: The pharmacological characteristics of [3H]dofetilide binding were examined in membranes prepared from human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing human ether-á-go-go related gene (HERG) K+ channels and data indicate that a [3h]d ofetilides binding assay using HERG membranes may help identify compounds that prolong the QT interval.

TL;DR: This paper gives an overview on NO and its derivatives in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation through their putative damaging effects on the airways.

TL;DR: The results suggest, therefore, that the 5-HT(5B) receptor has been lost during evolution after the divergence between rodents and primates.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that huperzine A can alleviate the cognitive dysfunction induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of beta-amyloid protein-(1-40) in rats, and the beneficial effects are not confined to the cholinergic system, but also include favorable changes in the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and in the extent of suicides in widespread regions of the brain.