Showing papers in "European Neuropsychopharmacology in 2008"

TL;DR: Data support a generalized chronic inflammatory state in MDD, and implicate additional cytokines and chemokines previously linked to cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: CBD, a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid could be an interesting pharmacological approach to reduce the anxiogenic effects of stress and promote the extinction of fear memories.

TL;DR: Of the markers studied, the endocannabinoid levels had the most robust alterations throughout adolescence and were specific to the PFC and NAc and normal correlations between anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations in the NAc were reversed by THC.

TL;DR: Evidence is emerging that a disruption of the normal circadian rhythmicity occurs at least in a subgroup of depressed patients and that interventions able to resynchronize the human circadian system, including sleep deprivation, light therapy and drugs specifically acting on the endogenous clock system, have proven antidepressant effects.

TL;DR: Preliminary support is provided for a role of CNR1 gene variation in depression and anxiety, potentially mediated by subcortical hypo-responsiveness to social reward stimuli.

TL;DR: Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder should be considered a potential therapeutic target, so that research should focus on new drugs and psychological interventions addressed to improve not only the cognition but also the functional outcome of this population.

TL;DR: The evidence for a role of P-gp with regard to psychoactive drugs from in vitro studies and experiments in knock-out mice devoid of functional P- gp is reviewed, and the evidence for significant drug-drug interactions involving psychotropic drugs in rodents is considered.

TL;DR: Two major theories of schizophrenia are respectively, the neurodevelopmental hypothesis and the dopamine hypothesis, which suggest that excess striatal dopamine is responsible for increased salience being given to insignificant events and thoughts and that this underpins the development of psychotic symptoms.

TL;DR: The need for an increased capacity to conduct reliable trials in children and adolescents is a challenge to Europe, whose healthcare system should allow greater participation and collaboration than other regions, via clinical networks, and ECNP will aspire to facilitate such developments.

TL;DR: IM can increase the neuroprotective effects, suppress the LPS-induced inflammatory process, and promote serotoninergic differentiation in NSCs via the modulation of the BDNF/MAPK/ERK pathway/Bcl-2 cascades.

TL;DR: The data suggest that activation of the alpha 1-noradrenergic system, perhaps in the BNST, is associated with increased motivation for cocaine in rats with extended access.

TL;DR: The results support and extend the previous findings suggesting that, although cannabinoid and opioid systems interact in the modulation of social play behavior in adolescent rats, they do so through partially dissociable behavioral and pharmacological mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is predicted that schizophrenia patients treated with acamprosate-like compounds will not exhibit progressive cortical atrophy associated with the anti-dopaminergic effect of classical antipsychotic exposure, and it is hypothesize that drugs with similar pharmacological actions to acampingrosate may provide a better and safer approach to reverse psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits.

TL;DR: The results suggest that AS057278 has the potential to anti-psychotic action toward both cognitive and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results suggest that depressed patients only reach a partial reestablishment of HPA axis function after the long-term administration of SSRI.

TL;DR: Statistically significant mean differences versus placebo in change in HAMD are not a proper basis for evaluation of clinical relevance and are not sufficient for approval, while differences in the percentage of patients experiencing a clinically relevant response should also be demonstrated.

TL;DR: SSRI treatment, especially with fluoxetine, may be effective on child and adolescent depression, Nevertheless, additional RCTs with sound methodological designs, validated diagnostic instruments, large sample sizes, and consistent outcomes are necessary to determine the role of SSRIs, alone or in combination with psychological interventions in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents.

TL;DR: Data indicate the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of lithium in the mouse FST and also might suggest the concurrent administration of NOS inhibitors and lithium as an appropriate strategy for treatment of depression.

TL;DR: The clinical characteristics and neural structures involved in the recognition of specific facial emotion expressions, and the plausible role of dopamine transmission and dopamine replacement therapy in these processes are reviewed.

TL;DR: Treatment strategies that increase D2Rs may, therefore, be an interesting approach to prevent relapse in opiate addiction.

TL;DR: The present study shows that the serotonergic system is disrupted following prenatal viral infection, potentially modelling disruptions that occur in patients with schizophrenia and autism.

TL;DR: DHA may be effective for depression at lower doses in completers and intent-to-treat subjects, and n-6/n-3 decreased significantly (p<0.05), while EPA had little change (p>0.01).

TL;DR: Overall, patients in both groups responded significantly, without differences between the two treatment groups; although no differences emerged for the proportion of patients reporting at least an adverse event, the profiles of adverse experiences differed significantly, being risperidone associated with amenorrhoea and olanzapine with weight gain.

TL;DR: The data suggest that Delta(9)-THC may lead to acute impairment of attentional functioning and working memory.

TL;DR: Alcohol self-administration was reduced in the APTD and APTD+L-DOPA conditions relative to the BAL condition and changes were predicted by ethanol-induced cardiac change.

TL;DR: There is a need to increase awareness and understanding of the impact of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia on physical health in schizophrenia, and a lack of robust recommendations for monitoring prolactin elevation among patients receiving antipsychotics.

TL;DR: The present experiments show that the locomotor stimulatory effects of ghrelin are mediated via ventral tegmental nAChR, but neither the alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) nor thealpha(7) ( using methyllycaconitine) subtypes appears to be involved.

TL;DR: Pregabalin, an alternative treatment option for GAD with a novel mechanism of action, also demonstrated efficacy in treating depressive symptoms typically encountered in GAD patients.

TL;DR: Cocaine addicts and animals previously treated with cocaine may be hyper-responsive to dopaminergic drugs in part because an increase in D2 High receptors results in dopamine supersensitivity, which may help explain why stimuli that increase dopamine neurotransmission are so effective in producing relapse in individuals with a history of exposure to cocaine.

TL;DR: It is suggested that repeated PCP administration increased the density of GlyT-1 in the hippocampus of mouse brain, and that the Gly T-1 inhibitor NFPS could ameliorate cognitive deficits in mice after repeated administration of PCP.