Showing papers in "European Sociological Review in 1990"

Educational heterogamy and father-to-son occupational mobility in 23 industrial nations: General societal openness or compensatory strategies of reproduction?

Abstract: This article presents 41 educational heterogamy tables for 23 industrial nations after World War II. Countries differ in gross heterogamy rates and relative chances of heterogamy. Evidence is found in favour of a trend towards higher gross rates of heterogamy and towards more equal relative chances of heterogamy. Hypotheses on effects of economic and political factors are tested. The contribution these factors make to the explanation of relative heterogamy is smaller than found in studies on intergenerational mobility. Between countries more equal relative father-to-son occupational mobility chances go together with more equal relative chances of educational heterogamy. Within countries relative mobility chances are more equal than relative chances of heterogamy. All in all Lipset and Zetterberg's notion of general societal openness is confirmed, whereas Bourdieu's notion tblt mobilit~ d heterogamy are compensatory strategi~ · of reproduction is not upheld.

Social conditions, authoritarianism and ethnocentrism: A theoretical model of the early Frankfurt School updated and tested

Abstract: To explain ethnocentrism in the Netherlands, a classic model derived from theoretical notions of prominent members of the Frankfurt School is updated and tested with data of a national sample of Dutch respondents (N = 1799). It appears that authoritarianism is a far more important predictor of ethnocentrism than predictors related to one's social condition, although the latter are not insignificant. In turn, authoritarianism is predicted by education, age, social class, church involvement and status-anxiety.

Cyclical and institutional determinants of annual trade union growth and decline in Ireland: evidence from the DUES data series

Abstract: Attempts to apply the influential Bain-Elsheikh model to annual trade union growth and decline in Ireland have produced puzzling results. This paper rejects existing interpretations of such results by economists and offers an alternative explanation which is theoretically and empirically more satisfactory. While strong evidence is found that variations in labour market slackness affect opportunity to unionize, there is no evidence that they directly affect employees' or employers' dispositions towards unionization. The paper establishes that the peculiarities of labour market and institutional structure and development in Ireland provide a severe test of models developed on the basis of the experience of the major Western nations.

The structure of belief systems in the Dutch general public

Abstract: Several new concepts and measures for the analysis of political belief systems of citizens in liberal democracies are proposed. These concepts make a systematic distinction between values and beliefs about the status quo, and between the differentiation and integration of political belief systems. Applying the proposed instruments to the Dutch general public, the political beliefs of the average Dutch turn out to be fragmented, but not inconsistent. Traces of the two classic dimensions of ideological space could still be identified, as could indications of the existence of a third, ‘new’ dimension concerning political conflicts in ‘new’ issue areas. Moreover, even if the belief structures to be found are predominantly fragmented ones, taking them into account allows for more parsimonious explanations of important aspects of political attitudes and political behavior. The results are consistent with the present state of ideological flux in the Netherlands