Showing papers in "Experimental Cell Research in 2016"

TL;DR: Recent advances on how mechanical signals intersect nuclear transcription and in particular the activity of YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, known downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway and important effectors of ECM mechanical cues are discussed.

TL;DR: The evidence for and against the role of mechanical tension in driving the assembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions are discussed, and how their assembly is influenced by the rigidity of the substratum to which cells are adhering is considered.

TL;DR: The current understanding of how cellular mechanosensing occurs through adhesion complexes within 3D microenvironments is reviewed and how these mechanisms can vary and differ from interactions on 2D substrates are discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that high-phosphate may activate WNT/β-catenin signaling through different pathways, and the activated WNT-3A/ β-catanin signaling, through direct downstream target Runx2, could play an important role in promoting VOT and AMC.

TL;DR: Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to compare the in vitro expression of genes commonly chosen to assess macrophage phenotype across all three sources of macrophages, as well as those derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), that were polarized towards four distinct phenotypes using the same differentiation protocols.

TL;DR: It is indicated for the first time that exosomes (0.2 µg/ml) are able to protect NSC-34 cells from oxidative damage, which is one of the main mechanism of damage in ALS, increasing cell viability and highlighting a promising role of exosome derived from stem cells for potential therapeutic applications in motoneuron disease.

TL;DR: High-throughput flow cytometry was used to screen neutrophil populations isolated from blood and oral rinses from healthy and chronic periodontitis patients against a panel of 374 known cluster of differentiation (CD) antibodies, suggesting an ideal surface marker set for isolating mature neutrophils from humans.

TL;DR: How vinculin, a key component of integrin-mediated adhesions linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), is regulated by force and acts as force transducing protein is outlined.

TL;DR: How hepatic LDs and their associated proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of three chronic liver conditions: hepatitis C virus infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease is focused on.

TL;DR: The role of LDs is broadened to include being a platform for functional steroidogenic enzyme activity or as a port for transferring steroidogenic enzymes and/or steroid intermediates, in addition to being a storage depot for CEs.

TL;DR: Compared with UC- MSCs, transplantation of HGF-UC-MSCs was associated with less cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced angiogenesis and increased proliferation of cardiomeocytes, and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for MSC-based therapy in cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: The mechanosignaling mechanisms important in the regulation of cell-matrix adhesions at the molecular level are illustrated and discussed.

TL;DR: It was shown that NLRP3 was highly expressed in mesenchymal-like colon cancer cells (SW620), and was upregulated by tumor necrosis factors-α and transforming growth factor-β1 respectively, during EMT in colon cancer epithelial cells HCT116 and HT29, and NF-κB signaling was regulated in TNF-α or TGF- β1-induced EMT.

TL;DR: Exposure of HPMCs to high glucose-based PD solutions resulted in ROS production, which can trigger NLRP3 activation, leading to IL-1β secretion, and resveratrol treatment induced mitophagy/autophagy via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for peritoneal inflammatory injury viaNLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by mitochondrial ROS.

TL;DR: Physiological measurement techniques and reported values for the three main physical aspects of the ECM: tissue stiffness, topography, and ligand presentation are described.

TL;DR: The function of the consensus adhesome, an assembly of core IAC proteins that emerged from a meta-analysis of multiple proteomic datasets, is reviewed in the context of mechanosensing.

TL;DR: The knockout of miR-138-5p expression protected human NP cells from apoptosis via the upregulation of SIRT1, which was possibly mediated via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling.

TL;DR: Understanding of the central role of AMPK in Aβ-related neuronal impairment is extended, and co-treatment with metformin significantly restored fragmented mitochondria to almost normal morphology in the hNSCs with Aβ.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the stronger fibrotic effect generated by Pdgfa overexpression was mediated by P dgfrα in cardiac interstitial mesenchymal cells, i.e. the likely source of extracellular matrix depostion and fibrotics reaction.

TL;DR: The in vivo data indicated that resveratrol obviously suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model, and suggest targeting HK2 or metabolic enzymes appears to be a new approach for clinical NSCLC prevention or treatment.

TL;DR: EVs contain a repertoire of genetic information available for horizontal gene transfer and potential use as blood biomarkers for cancer and atherosclerosis, and the nucleic acid content of EVs are expanded to include increased levels of specific DNA.

TL;DR: The presence and activity of mechanosensitive adhesive and signaling components at invadopodia further indicates the potential for these structures to utilize myosin-dependent forces to probe and remodel their ECM environments.

TL;DR: The current hypothesis is that cytosolic LDs in enterocytes constitute a transient pool of stored lipids that provides lipids during interprandial period while lowering chylomicron production during the post-prandials phase, which smoothens the magnitude of peaks of hypertriglyceridemia.

TL;DR: This review article discusses force regulation of cell-matrix adhesions and key adaptor molecules, three different force-dependent behaviors, and molecular mechanisms for mechanochemical coupling in force regulation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that ANGPTL8/betatrophin might play an important role in glucose metabolism in the context of insulin resistance and could be a novel glucose-lowering candidate medicine for type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on the composition, structure and function of leukocyte LDs, organelles now considered as structural markers of inflammation, are summarized.

TL;DR: This review focuses especially on the molecular events involved in mechanosensing by podosomes, the structural elements of Podosomes that enable this function, as well as the intra- and extracellular signals generated downstream of podosome mechanos sensing.

TL;DR: These results revealed that curcumin inhibited the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via down-regulation of Smad2/3 signaling pathways, and provide new evidence that the anti-metastatic and anti-EMT activities ofCurcumin may contribute to the development of chemo-preventive agents for thyroid cancer treatment.

TL;DR: Results demonstrated that inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain in microglia led to production of mitochondrial ROS and therefore may activate MAPK/NF-кB dependent inflammatory cytokines release inmicroglia, which indicated that mitochondrial-derived ROS were contributed to microglial activation.

TL;DR: The novel 3D Cell-SELEX procedure improved the selection of PCa cell-surface ligands and the aptamer A4 has shown potential for the identification of prostate tumor cells, suggesting the application of this molecule in further screening assays for PCa.