Showing papers in "Fire Safety Journal in 2008"

TL;DR: In this article, a survey performed on data taken from several accidents databases has revealed the most frequent accident sequences in 50% of the reported cases involving a jet fire, an additional event with severe effects also occurred.

TL;DR: In this article, the bond behavior between fiber reinforced concrete and 20-mm reinforcing steel rebars was evaluated under elevated temperatures, and the results showed marked reductions in residual compressive, splitting and steel-concrete bond under high temperatures with dramatic changes in bond stress-free-end slip trend behavior.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of high temperatures up to 900°C on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of pumice mortars incorporating different amounts of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were investigated.

TL;DR: A series of real scale fire experiments were performed to determine the size and mass distribution of firebrands generated from Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a scaling law that predicts the critical lateral wind velocity was developed and validated by various data including scale-model experiments by other researchers and real urban fire whirls, and a dimensional analysis was conducted to understand the effect of flow circulation on the increase in flame height.

TL;DR: In this article, a model to predict the influence of fire induced restraints on the fire resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is presented, and three stages associated with the fire growth, thermal and structural analysis, for the calculation of fire resistances of the RC beams are explained.

TL;DR: In this article, both the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) approaches are applied to model turbulence.

TL;DR: In this article, a computational model for fire spread in a densely built urban area is developed, which explicitly describes fire spread phenomena with physics-based knowledge achieved in the field of fire safety engineering.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic empirical and analytical study was conducted to directly quantify the effect of enhanced ambient oxygen concentration on flame heat flux at bench scale and its ability to represent large-scale heat flux of well-ventilated fires.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermal radiation emitted by the flame front of a wildland fire front is estimated using the solid flame model, together with the view factor calculated from a previously selected equation, and a set of safety distances for different situations can be obtained.

TL;DR: In this article, a unique experimental apparatus has been constructed in order to generate a controlled and repeatable size and mass distribution of glowing firebrands at the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute (BRI).

TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-stage time-varying quickest flow approach (MSTVQF) is established to estimate the minimal clearance time for evacuating the occupants of a building in an emergency situation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a state-of-the-art review on the behavior of beam-to-column joints in fire and consider experimental and analytical research work on isolated joint configurations conducted with the prime objective of developing moment-rotation-temperature behaviour of joints.

TL;DR: Kholshevnikov et al. as discussed by the authors treated pedestrian flow as a stochastic process, i.e., that which might be observed in a series of experiments as a manifestation of the random function V=f(D).

TL;DR: A survey of crowd movement was recently performed at the main railway station in Wuhan City, China during the traditional Chinese spring festival in 2003 to determine values of the key parameters for a crowd dynamics model previously proposed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, a model scale study of axial-flow hollow cone nozzles was carried out in order to improve the basic understanding of water spray systems in longitudinal tunnel flow.

TL;DR: In this article, numerical simulation results are presented of full-scale fire tests in a small compartment (3×3.6×2.3), where a range of total fire heat release rates (330, 440 and 550 kW), fire source areas (0.3×0.6), and ventilation roof opening areas (1.45×1, 0.75×1 and 0.5×1

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of the unburned material heat-up during upward flame spread over small slabs of PMMA is provided using a numerical model, where the two-dimensional time-dependent Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with sub-models for turbulence, combustion, soot formation, and radiation are solved for the gas phase.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present two interfaces in fire-thermal-structural analysis, which can be used for a variety of fire simulation, thermal, and structural analysis software.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide data from a large-scale fire test of a simulated nuclear power plant cable room, which consisted of a hydrocarbon spray fire with a 1 MW heat release rate, burning in a single compartment 7 m wide, 22 m long, and 4 m high.

TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in fire effluents, their potential toxic effects and the consequential need to reconsider the methods of calculating toxic potency values are considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled thermo-hydro-chemical analysis was performed to simulate the heat and mass transport in concrete under fire loading, giving access to more realistic temperature distributions as well as gas-pressure distributions within the tunnel lining.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of surface emissivity in the standard furnace test (BS476) is considered for steel sections and an estimate of the average convection heat transfer coefficient h for horizontal test specimens in the cone calorimeter is provided.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the toxic product yields of five commercial cables obtained from a steady state tube furnace (SSTF) method (IEC 60695-7-50, Purser furnace) with results from a large-scale test, which uses the physical fire model in the proposed prEN50399-2-2 test, with the addition of effluent gas analysis, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and for further comparison, a static tube furnace method (NF X 70-100).

TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional computational analysis of the global chimney effect due to a fire source in an inclined tunnel is presented, where the inlet air velocity is quantified by means of a correlation, taking into account the parameters mentioned.

TL;DR: In this article, a technique for simultaneously obtaining the HRR, flame size (height and area), and the smoke point of the flame solely from visual images has been developed, which has been demonstrated on gaseous flames (methane, propane, ethylene, and propylene) and explored for five burning solid polymers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the influence of the turbulence model choice on the solution of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) fire simulations using a hot-jet-in-crossflow configuration as a generic test case.

TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model is developed which investigates heat transfer in a cylinder sheathed by flame-resistant fabrics when suddenly exposed to convective and radiant heat flux from simulated pre-flashover fire radiation.

TL;DR: The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors (FORUM) periodically takes a position on a technical issue of international significance confronting the fire safety research community as discussed by the authors, and the position of the FORUM on performance-based regulations, codes and design for fire safety applications, and the rationale leading to it, is described in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed standardized TIC performance metrics and test methods that capture the harsh environment in which TIC may be used, information was collected from users, the literature, and from fire tests conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.