Showing papers in "Fire Safety Journal in 2021"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conduct a preliminary investigation on the behavior of 3DPC at elevated temperatures by conducting an experimental study, and they find that the 3DMC samples delaminated between layers (thermo-mechanical) as a result of reduced flexural strength.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited the problem of opposed fire spread under limited and excessive oxygen supply and reviewed various near-limit fire phenomena, as recently observed in flaming, smoldering, and glowing spread under various environment and fuel configurations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the progress on the research of fire behavior and safe protection of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and introduced the warning parameters and strategies of the fire prediction and early warning of LIBs.

TL;DR: An overview of the most commonly used modelling methods to represent the evacuation process in a fire scenario is presented through a structure matching the engineering time-line model of evacuation.

TL;DR: Current research performed and data collected on evacuation decision-making and behavior during wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires are presented, gaps in the research are identified, and a future research plan for further data collection of important WUI fire evacuation topics are developed.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of incorporating hybrid steel fibers (DSF) on the rheological, mechanical, and hardened properties of high strength self-compacting concrete (HSCC) was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of water spray on lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires and found that water spray can effectively extinguish 21700 LIB fires and reduce the maximum surface temperature of the battery.

TL;DR: In this paper, the detonability of hydrogen mixtures diluted with CF3I, H2O, CO2, and N2 diluents was investigated using numerical computations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of manufacturing process on the post-fire mechanical properties of high strength structural steel (HSSS) was investigated and the results showed that the manufacturing process had little influence on elastic modulus but significant effect on strength and ultimate elongation.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of firebrands size and makeup on heating from a pile to a recipient surface in a small-scale wind tunnel was investigated, and it was found that realistic fuels, i.e., pine bark and eucalyptus sticks, could achieve higher peak heat fluxes than artificial birch fuels at higher wind speeds, which exhibited little change with geometry.

TL;DR: A model based on Gated recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed to determine fire locations and intensity and it is shown that this model performs well and achieves a high test accuracy.

TL;DR: The results show that the use of evacuation elevators is affected by the evacuation system design and that a more informative guidance system can increase evacuation elevator usage, and that accepted waiting times for elevators can potentially be increased if countdown timers are installed above elevators.

TL;DR: In this article, the differences between cast and extruded PMMA on a property-specific level are investigated, and whether the differences justify unique pyrolysis models for each type of PMMA.

TL;DR: In this article, a campaign of experiments was conducted in a previously designed bench-scale wind tunnel to determine the effectiveness of suppression of lithium ion battery fires with a clean agent, Novec 1230 (CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the effect of ambient pressure on the efficiency of the mechanical smoke extraction system in tunnel fires using large eddy simulation (LES) with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS).

TL;DR: The primary concern of this review is to evaluate the fire models for their suitability while using for structural fire assessment and not to review studies on the manner in which the actual structural assessment is done.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of burning timber elements in a medium-scale timber compartment and found that the fire transition to a new regime where the gases do not have enough time to mix and react inside the compartment, the temperatures decrease and the horizontal velocities at the opening increase.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted a comprehensive analysis of fire statistics in China from 1997 to 2017, using four basic indexes: the number of fires, deaths, injuries and direct loss.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrated methodology was proposed that uses radon levels, infrared imaging techniques, and drilling methods to detect and verify high-temperature anomalous areas in a coalfield.

TL;DR: In this paper, a fire detection algorithm based on multiple sensors in different locations to provide reliable real-time fire monitoring is proposed, which takes into account both current and past sensor measurements and evaluates the similarity of sensor signals based on a dynamic time warping distance measure.

TL;DR: In this article, a combination of Sentinel-2 MSI data for mapping of different spectral indices related to burn severity and their relationship with other morphometric and soil properties can contribute to a better understanding of the impact of fire, and is relevant in regions where is still scarce fire-related research such as Turkey.

TL;DR: In this article, a dual-thermocouple probe, consisting of two fine-wire thermocouples with 25 μ m and 50 μ m wire diameters, was used to determine a compensated turbulent gas temperature.

TL;DR: In this paper, a modified wood was prepared by polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FA) with hydrogen-MMT (HMMT) used as catalytic sites for char formation under combustion.

TL;DR: In this article, a fire safety assessment of waste facilities in Norway and Sweden has been carried out and measures for increased fire safety have been proposed to prevent fires and minimise the impact of fires that do occur.

TL;DR: In this article, the experimental findings on fire resistance of concrete encased steel (CES) composite columns made of C120 concrete and S500/S690 high-strength steel section were presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the transition between two steady states was studied, despite that it often happens to many fire events, and the experimental data on the transitional behavior of wind-assisted flame spread, which helps evaluate the fire hazard under the sudden change of environmental conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Al(OH)3 powder on the flame propagation from a polyethylene dust explosion, tests were conducted in a vertical transparent tube.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of three parameters on fire damage to the ceiling (typically the most damaged area) of a tunnel lining are studied through five furnace tests on large-scale reinforced concrete slabs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the modern wildland fire system in terms of the historical context for wild land fire, primarily in the US, and discuss some of the characteristics of this system and its human culture that affect the potential impact of innovations and engineering technologies.

TL;DR: In this article, a model to estimate the effective coverage rate (ECR) of fire station services is proposed to reduce the losses of human lives and properties caused by frequent fires.