Showing papers in "Fitoterapia in 2019"

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of action of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives, and to highlight significant contributions made in this research area.

TL;DR: The latest advances in understanding of this compound class in the anti-cancer regimen are reviewed, focusing on signaling pathways and cellular targets involved in the anticancer activity of Shikonin.

TL;DR: This review mainly summarizes chromones with antitumor activity in nature and classifies them into three groups, including chromanones, simple chromones, and fused chromones.

TL;DR: This review could provide references for the research of natural agents curing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by summarize the newly found anti-diabetic natural compounds and extracts from 2011-2017 and give the identification of their molecular targets.

TL;DR: It is essential to establish routine methods for azadirachtin identification and quantification to guarantee a future reproducible, safe and effective use of the extracts in formulations for commercial applications.

TL;DR: This work provides structurally grouping statistic of 198 secondary metabolites of Tripterygium species published from 2008 to the present, as well as pharmacological knowledges in the past five years that will be helpful for developing the new discoveries of medicinal value related to this genus.

TL;DR: The role of the biosynthetic pathway is highlighted, including those with abnormal skeletons, as well as advances in structure, pharmacological activities and primarily mechanisms of CAs obtained from the Caesalpinia genus are highlighted.

TL;DR: Polyphenols have great potential as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory substances in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease and higher attachment levels, lower inflammation, and bone loss were reported by in vivo studies.

TL;DR: An analytical method based on bio-affinity ultrafiltration coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was established for rapidly screening and identifying COX-2 ligands and these ligands could exert anti-inflammatory effects through three pathways related to COx-2, arachidonic acid metabolism, synthesis of prostaglandins, and prostanoid ligand receptors.

TL;DR: This review explores such plant-derived bioactive component: Mucilage and gums, their isolation, and characterization which can be exploited as excipients in the formulation of drug delivery system as well as a wound dressing.

TL;DR: Eleven new cyathane diterpenoids, designated cyafricanins A-K, were isolated from the culture broth of the baisidiomycete Cyathus africanus and exhibited promising neurotrophic activity and strong inhibitory effects on both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that α-thujone exerts pro-apoptotic and anti-invasive effects on GBM cells, which confirm the potential of α- thujone for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.

TL;DR: Bioactive evaluation showed that compounds 2-4 and 6-10 displayed remarkable neuroprotective activities against corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage, and compounds 1-4, 9 and 10 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.

TL;DR: β-carbolines are multi-target antidepressant compounds and may be useful in the treatment of depressive disorders and some mechanisms of action have been proposed for their antidepressant activity.

TL;DR: The phytochemical and pharmacological effects of the secoiridoids in the Oleaceae family from 1987 to 2018 are summarized to serve as a reference for further studies.

TL;DR: Two new coumarins (1 and 2), two new lignans (3 and 4), one new phloroglucinol derivative (5), together with eleven known compounds, were isolated from Artemisia annua and found that compound 1 could inhibit all the fungal strains.

TL;DR: Five new polyketides, colletotric B, 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid, together with four known analogues (1, 5 and 7-8) were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phoma sp.

TL;DR: In parallel studies, garcinia acid, a diastereoisomer of hibiscus acid, was found to have an almost identical vasorelaxant effect, most likely due to the inhibition of Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2-free physiological solution.

TL;DR: Twelve terpenoids, including two new 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-based meroterpenoids (1 and 2) and two new monoterpenoid (11 and 12) were obtained from the deep-sea fungus Penicillium sp.

TL;DR: Two new anthraquinone dimers were identified as anthraquone dimerized by a rare C-O-C ether linkage, and both of them showed selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and moderate cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines.

TL;DR: Nine biflavonoids (1-9) were isolated from ethanolic extract of Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring and their structures were determined by spectra analysis, demonstrating they had tight binding capacities towards the allosteric site of PTP1B.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to appraise the literature available to date for CPT distribution and the phytochemistry of these CPT-producing plants and suggest the probability that the formation of the central intermediate for C PT biosynthesis has multiple origins.

TL;DR: All new sesquiterpenoids showed a significant neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells, and at 25 and 50 μM, compounds 1 and 2 showed the best protective effects, even better than the positive control (vitamin E).

TL;DR: Evidence is found of the potential role of Cuban propolis extracts and their main component nemorosone as new chemosensitizing agents against drug-resistant human colon carcinoma cells.

TL;DR: Eight new triterpenoid saponins, isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, showed significant antioxidant activities against Fe2+/cysteine-induced liver microsomal lipid peroxidation at 0.1 μM.

TL;DR: This review combines the latest advances and systematically summarize the mechanisms of RC alkaloids in treating hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy to provide a deeper understanding of these natural alkaloid activities.

TL;DR: Among the isolates, saungmaygaoside D (4), sylvestroside IV dimethyl acetal (7), and sweroside (8) were the most potent inhibitors with effective doses of 5 and 10 μM, respectively, without showing any notable cytotoxicities.

TL;DR: Isatindigosesquilignans B and C were determined as the first examples of its glycosides from a natural source and a plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed.

TL;DR: Five new compounds, including one bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids, namely aspergillusene D (1), two new xanthones (2 and 3), and two new catecholderivatives (4 and 5), together with fourteen known compounds (6-19), were isolated and identified from the fungus Aspergilli sydowiiSCSIO 41,301 from the sponge Phakellia fusca.

TL;DR: Three previously undescribed alkaloids displayed selective activities and Maculine B, the most active one among the newly described compounds, exhibited IC50 below 30 μM against CCRF-CEM leukemia and U87MG glioblastoma cells.