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Showing papers in "Foreign Affairs in 1983"



BookDOI
TL;DR: The legacy of Marx and the Law of Value under socialism is discussed in this article. But the main focus of this paper is on the economic aspects of the transition from capitalism to socialism.
Abstract: Introduction: Socialism Part 1 The Legacy of Marx * What Did Marx Mean By Socialism? * Abundance, Scarcity and The New Man * The Law of Value Under Socialism * A Digression on Marxian Economics * Sancta Simplicitas * The Ex Ante Illusion * Quality And Quantity * Division of Labour * Material and Moral Incentives * The Proletariat and Productive Labour * The Legacy of Marx: Some Conclusions * Addendum: More on Human Psychology and 'Reductionism' Part 2 Socialism and The Soviet Experience * Introduction * Externalities and 'Internalities' * Shortages and the Sellers' Market * Plan Indicators And The Evaluation of Performance * The 'Curse of Scale', Innovation and Bureaucratic Fragmentation * Is it Planning? * Class Structure, Labour, Wages and Trade Unions * Agriculture and The Peasants * Investment Decisions and Criteria in Theory and Practice * Prices in Theory and Practice * Mathematical Methods and Programming * Growth and Full Employment * Foreign Trade * The Cost of What Is Missing * Conclusion: Centralised Planning and Democratic Socialism * A Short Digression on 'Ideology' Part 3 Reform Models: Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, China * Some 'Revisionist' Critiques * The Hungarian Reform * Yugoslavia and Workers' Self-Management * Private Agriculture in Yugoslavia and Poland: Peasants and Farmers * The Polish Experience: the Road to Catastrophe * China: Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution and Reform Part 4 Transition * Some Introductory Remarks * Transition I: From Capitalism to Socialism * Some Thoughts on Nationalism * Transition II: From 'Socialism' to Socialism * 'Development Socialism' Part 5 Feasible Socialism * Some Social-Political Assumptions * Enterprises, Markets and Competition * Prices, Profits, and Theory of Value * Division of Labour, Income Differentials and Self-Management * Investments and Growth * Foreign Trade * The Economic Role of Democratic Politics * Is It Socialism? Conclusion

300 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The price of power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House, The Price of power as discussed by the authors, Nixon in the White House, and the Price of Power: Henry Kissinger, 1969-1973.
Abstract: The price of power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House , The price of power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)

178 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the reasons why firms based in developing countries have chosen to invest in branches, joint ventures, and wholly-owned subsidiaries overseas rather than simply export goods or enter into licensing arrangements.
Abstract: In the past decade, a number of Third World countries have emerged from their economic status as sources of raw materials or as sweatshops in which low-wage, low-skilled workers produced goods for the richer nations. Now they are themselves manufacturing and consuming high-quality, high-technology products and are establishing foreign subsidiaries, most often in other developing countries. This book is the first to study the significant-growth in foreign direct investment by such countries and its impact on the international economic order."Third World Multinationals" explores the question of why firms based in developing countries have chosen to invest in branches, joint ventures, and wholly-owned subsidiaries overseas rather than simply export goods or enter into licensing arrangements abroad. In addition to the cost of transport, tariff barriers, and import restrictions, it identifies a number of less apparent factors, such as the motivations of managers in wanting to go abroad, the meshing of technological levels, ethnic ties, and the desire to protect proprietary processes and competitive advantages.The book compares the similarities and differences between these firms and their more established counterparts from the industrialized countries, both large and small. It examines the implications of these developments on the relations between specific home and host countries, and on North-South relations and South-South relations in general. In the face of scarce and unreliable figures, the author has compiled a considerable amount of validated data and viable estimates from numerous world sources. The cases and examples are taken mainly from South America and South and Southeast Asia, those regions that have put forth the largest number of multinational offshoots.Louis T. Wells, Jr., is Herbert F. Johnson Professor of International Management, Harvard Business School.

147 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
Robert S. McNamara1
TL;DR: In this paper, the military role of nuclear weapons: Perceptions and misperceptions, and their role in the development and use of nuclear power. Survival: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 261-271.
Abstract: (1983). The military role of nuclear weapons: Perceptions and misperceptions. Survival: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 261-271.

77 citations









Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press.
Abstract: Cohen examines the struggle leading to the creation of the state of Israel, placing British evacuation of Palestine in the context of Britain's postwar weakness. The author describes the policies and character of each of the major actors in his story--Bevin. Truman. Ben-Gurion, and the Mufti of Jerusalem.Originally published in 1982.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.





Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tent as discussed by the authors has drawn on declassified documents and interviews with veterans of the Occupation to bring to life the dilemmas American officials faced in balancing the need for a political purge against the need to rehabilitate a disrupted society but also the paradoxes involved in a democracy's attempt to impose its ideals on another people.
Abstract: German society underwent greater change under the four years of military occupation than it had under Hitler and the Nazis. The issue of reeducation lay at the heart of America's occupation policies. Encompassing denazification, restructuring of the school system, university reform, and cultural exchange, reeducation began as an idealistic (and naive) attempt to democratize Germany by making her over in the American image. For this meticulously researched study, James F. Tent has drawn on a wealth of recently declassified documents and on numerous personal interviews with veterans of the Occupation. He brings to life not only the dilemmas American officials faced in balancing the need for a political purge against the need to rehabilitate a disrupted society but also the paradoxes involved in a democracy's attempt to impose its ideals on another people. His book chronicles the dedicated work of many Americans; it also illuminates America's Occupation experience as a whole.

Journal ArticleDOI



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Since Mao's death, the Soviet Union has acquired a greater strategic stake in Asia as discussed by the authors and official Soviet statements express satisfaction about recent trends in Asian politics: the United States has been expelled from Indo-China, leaving a united Vietnam closely allied with Moscow; pro-Soviet regimes have been installed in Laos and Cambodia; political and economic ties have been established with the ASEAN-countries and with
Abstract: Since Mao's death, the Soviet Union has acquired a greater strategic stake in Asia. Official Soviet statements express satisfaction about recent trends in Asian politics: the United States has been expelled from IndoChina, leaving a united Vietnam closely allied with Moscow; pro-Soviet regimes have been installed in Laos and Cambodia; political and economic ties have been established with the ASEAN-countries and with