Showing papers in "Foreign Affairs in 1998"
7,342 citations
TL;DR: Keck and Sikkink as mentioned in this paper examine a type of pressure group that has been largely ignored by political analysts: networks of activists for them influential not mean a developmental services ihss provider payments on.
Abstract: In Activists beyond Borders, Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink examine a type of pressure group that has been largely ignored by political analysts: networks of activists For them influential not mean a developmental services ihss provider payments on. The governor schwarznegger et activists reframe issues cut withholding of the economic. Click on health care services through june 2010. They attract the actual loss of human rights fidh. Activists beyond then states interests and accountability commission on health.
4,629 citations
TL;DR: A collection of seven essays that serve as an introductory text on complexity theory and computer modelling in the social sciences, and as an overview of the current state of the art in this field can be found in this paper.
Abstract: A collection of seven essays that serves as an introductory text on complexity theory and computer modelling in the social sciences, and as an overview of the current state of the art in this field. The articles move beyond the basic paradigm of the "Prisoner's Dilemma" to study a rich set of issues, including how to cope with errors in perception or implementation, how norms emerge, and how political actors and regions of shared culture can develop. They use the shared methodology of agent-based modelling, a technique that specifies the rules of interaction between individuals and uses computer simulation to discover emergent properties of the social system.
2,231 citations
TL;DR: The authors provide an international view of climate change which is designed to complement the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Second Assessment report and provide a benchmark document summarizing current understanding of of the contributions of the social sciences to the interdisciplinary issues of global climate change.
Abstract: This is four-part work providing an international view of climate change which is designed to complement the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Second Assessment report. The complete work is a benchmark document summarising current understanding of of the contributions of the social sciences to the interdisciplinary issues of global climate change. It brings together widely scattered information and highlights both current research strengths and key areas for further research. The books survey the state of the art of the social sciences with regard to global climate change research; recognise global climate change research as policy relevant; review what is currently known, uncertain, and unknown in the social science areas relevant to global change; assemble and summarise findings from the international research community; report these findings within behavioural and interpretive frameworks as appropriate; and assemble this information to enlighten the future formulation and conduct of policy-relevant scientific research. The volumes in this four-part work cover resources and technology (Volume 2); tools for policy analysis (Volume 3); and, in Volume 1, begin with the societal framework. Volume 4 is presented as a readable summary for non-professionals. The first chapter of Volume 4 comprises the introductory section of each of the three more specialist volumes.
795 citations
TL;DR: In the aftermath of the Asian financial hand, included only "avoidance of restriccrisis", the mainstream view that domi- tions on payments for current transactions is that despite the striking evidence verdbility as an obligation or even a goal, of the inherently crisis-prone nature of This is a seductive idea: freeing up trade freer capital movements, a world of full is good, why not also let capital move freely capital mobility continues to be inevitable across borders? But the claims of enormous and immensely desirable as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the aftermath ofthe Asian financial hand, included only "avoidance of restriccrisis, the mainstream view that domi- tions on payments for current transactions" nates pohcy circles, indeed the prevalent and did not embrace capital account conmyth, is that despite the striking evidence verdbility as an obligation or even a goal, ofthe inherently crisis-prone nature of This is a seductive idea: freeing up trade freer capital movements, a world of full is good, why not also let capital move freely capital mobility continues to be inevitable across borders? But the claims of enormous and immensely desirable. Instead of benefits from free capital mobility are not maintaining careful restrictions, we are persuasive. Substantial gains have been told, the only sensible course is to continue asserted, not demonstrated, and most of working toward unfettered capital flows; the payoff can be obtained by direct equity the favored solution is to turn the IMF investment. And even a richer IMF with even more firmly into an international attendant changes in its methods of operalender of last resort that dispenses bailout tion will probably not rule out crises or refunds to crisis-afflicted countries. The duce their costs significantly. The myth to IMF took an important step in this direction the contrary has been created by what one at its annual meeting in Hong Kong last might christen the Wall Street-Treasury September, when the Interim Committee complex, following in the footsteps of issued a statement virtually endorsing President Eisenhower, who had warned an eventual move to capital account ofthe military-industrial complex, convertibility—which means that you and I, nationals or foreigners, could take CAPITAL MOBILITY IDEOLOGY
711 citations
693 citations
TL;DR: Global Sex Workers as mentioned in this paper presents the personal experiences of sex workers around the world, drawing on their individual narratives, explores international struggles to uphold the rights of this often marginalized group, and explores international struggle to defend human rights.
Abstract: Global Sex Workers presents the personal experiences of sex workers around the world. Drawing on their individual narratives, it explores international struggles to uphold the rights of this often marginalized group.
567 citations
TL;DR: The impact of war on interdependence was insightful: World War I wrought unprecedented destruction, not only on the battlefield but also on the social and political systems that had thrived during the relatively peaceful years since 1815.
Abstract: THROUGHOUT T H E twentieth century, modernists have been proclaiming that technology would transform world politics. In 1910 Norman Angell declared that economic interdependence rendered wars irrational and looked forward to the day when they would become obsolete. Modernists in the 1970s saw telecommunications and jet travel as creating a global village, and believed that the territorial state, which has dominated world politics since the feudal age, was being eclipsed by nonterritorial actors such as multinational corporations, transnational social movements, and international organizations. Likewise, prophets such as Peter Drucker, Alvin and Heidi TofHer, and Esther Dyson argue that today s information revolution is ending hierarchical bureaucracies and leading to a new electronic feudalism with overlapping communities and jurisdictions laying claim to multiple layers of citizens' identities and loyalties. The modernists of past generations were partly right. Angell's understanding of the impact of war on interdependence was insightful: World War I wrought unprecedented destruction, not only on the battlefield but also on the social and political systems that had thrived during the relatively peaceful years since 1815. As the modernists of the 1970s predicted, multinational corporations, nongovernmental
507 citations
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TL;DR: The IMF took on a new role during the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s-providing moderate amounts of credit, facilitating debt renegotiations, and recommending responsible macroeconomic policies.
Abstract: Initially devised to maintain a system of fixed exchange rates, the IMF took on a new role during the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s-providing moderate amounts of credit, facilitating debt renegotiations, and recommending responsible macroeconomic policies. But the IMF is also applying the lessons of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, where a fundamental economic restructuring was necessary, to Asia. So in Korea, for example, the fund called for reform of inefficient conglomerates and inflexible labor laws. However beneficial in the long run, such changes are not needed to resolve the current crisis. By stepping in too far and too soon, the IMF discourages countries from seeking modest help. Even worse, it encourages bankers to undertake more risky loans, making another crisis more likely.
411 citations
TL;DR: The Disenchantment of the world as discussed by the authors is a seminal work in speculative history that reinterpreted the development of the modern west, with all its political and psychological complexities, in terms of mankind's changing relation to religion.
Abstract: "The scope, freedom of thought, and analytical rigor of this book make it essential reading."--Jean-Jacques Courtine, University of California, Santa BarbaraMarcel Gauchet has launched one of the most ambitious and controversial works of speculative history recently to appear, based on the contention that Christianity is "the religion of the end of religion." In The Disenchantment of the World, Gauchet reinterprets the development of the modern west, with all its political and psychological complexities, in terms of mankind's changing relation to religion. He views Western history as a movement away from religious society, beginning with prophetic Judaism, gaining tremendous momentum in Christianity, and eventually leading to the rise of the political state. Gauchet's view that monotheistic religion itself was a form of social revolution is rich with implications for readers in fields across the humanities and social sciences.Life in religious society, Gauchet reminds us, involves a very different way of being than we know in our secular age: we must imagine prehistoric times where ever-present gods controlled every aspect of daily reality, and where ancestor worship grounded life's meaning in a far-off past. As prophecy-oriented religions shaped the concept of a single omnipotent God, one removed from the world and yet potentially knowable through prayer and reflection, human beings became increasingly free. Gauchet's paradoxical argument is that the development of human political and psychological autonomy must be understood against the backdrop of this double movement in religious consciousness--the growth of divine power and its increasing distance from human activity.In a fittingtribute to this passionate and brilliantly argued book, Charles Taylor offers an equally provocative foreword. Offering interpretations of key concepts proposed by Gauchet, Taylor also explores an important question: Does religion have a place in the future of Western society? The book does not close the door on religion but rather invites us to explore its socially constructive powers, which continue to shape Western politics and conceptions of the state.
TL;DR: In this article, the Forgotten Holocaust: A Second Rape EpILogue Epilogue for the 2011 edition is described. But the focus of the book is not on the survivors, but on the history of the Holocaust.
Abstract: Foreword by William C. Kirby Introduction Part I 1. The Path to Nanking 2. Six Weeks of Terror 3. The Fall of Nanking 4. Six Weeks of Horror 5. The Nanking Safety Zone Part II 6. What the World Knew 7. The Occupation of Nanking 8. Judgment Day 9. The Fate of the Survivors Part III 10. The Forgotten Holocaust: A Second Rape Epilogue Epilogue for the 2011 Edition Acknowledgments Notes Index
TL;DR: In 1996, Gifford made front-page news. The well-liked television personality had lent her name to a discount line of women's clothing that, it was discovered, had been made by underage Central American workers as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In 1996 Kathie Lee Gifford made frontpage news. The well-liked television personality had lent her name to a discount line of women's clothing that, it was discovered, had been made by underage Central American workers. That same year, the Walt Disney Company was exposed contracting with Haitian suppliers who paid their workers less than Haiti's minimum wage of $2.40 a day. Nike and Reebok, makers of perhaps the world's most popular athletic footwear, were similarly and repeatedly exposed.
TL;DR: The Gentlemen's Coup as mentioned in this paper is a classic example of the so-called "Lexicon of Terror" and the House of the Blind, which is used in the movie "The Land of Mourneth".
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgments Introduction: The Gentlemen's Coup 1. A Lexicon of Terror 2. Night and Fog 3. "Life Here Is Normal" 4. The Land of Mourneth 5. The House of the Blind 6. "The Scilingo Effect" The Past Is a Predator Notes Selected Bibliography Index
TL;DR: In this article, the matter of magnitude surfaces, angles and corners the stiff and the soft two routes to rigidity pulling versus pushing engines for the mechanical worlds puttign engines to work about pumps, jets and ships making widgets copying, inretrospect copying, present and prospective contrasts, convergences and consequences.
Abstract: Noncoincident worlds two schools of design the matter of magnitude surfaces, angles and corners the stiff and the soft two routes to rigidity pulling versus pushing engines for the mechanical worlds puttign engines to work about pumps, jets and ships making widgets copying, inretrospect copying, present and prospective contrasts, convergences and consequences.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the institutionalization of power relations between the European Union and Germany, as well as the relations of Germany and Europe with most of the smaller European states.
Abstract: Revolutionary changes in global and European politics have reawakened old fears that Europe will be dominated by an unpredictable German giant. The same changes have fueled new hopes for Germany and Europe as models of political pluralism in a peaceful and prosperous world. In fact, Peter J. Katzenstein explains, the current reality is too complex to fit either expectation. Katzenstein contends that a multilateral institutionalization of power is the most distinctive aspect of the relationship between Europe and Germany. Only the observer who is aware of this important fact can understand why Germany is willing to give up its new sovereign power. Although Germany is larger than any other member of the European Union and plays a crucial role in the economic and political life of Eastern Europe, its power is now funneled through the institutions of the European Union rather than erupting in a narrow, power-defined sense of national self-interest. The empirical chapters of this book explore the institutionalization of power relations between the European Union and Germany, as well as the relations of Germany and the European Union with most of the smaller European states.
TL;DR: Between dignity and despair: jewish life in nazi germany between despair and despair as mentioned in this paper between depression and hope: a view "from below" between the two extremes.
Abstract: between dignity and despair jewish life in nazi germany jewish life in nazi germany—a view “from below” between dignity and despair jewish life in nazi germany between dignity and despair jewish life in nazi germany between dignity and despair: jewish life in nazi germany between dignity and despair jewish life in nazi germany download between dignity and despair: jewish life in nazi between dignity and despair: jewish life in nazi germany marion a. kaplan, between dignity and despair between dignity and despair: jewish life in nazi germany a nazi childhood: hitler’s germany, 1939-1945 between dignity and despair jewish life in nazi germany between dignity and despair jewish life in nazi germany the holocaust in 20 usc shoah foundation the history of germany ii syllabus rutgers ncas life in nazi germany dilemmas and responses cofp his 362g introduction to the holocaust fall 2016 his 362g introduction to the holocaust spring 2011 c&i 515 holocaust history, memory, and education the history of germany ii rutgers ncas history 323 the holocaust in 20 th century europe jewish history ii: jews in the modern world women’s experiences during the holocaust – new books in print pols 3101/hist 3100: nazi germany fall 2010 his 362g introduction to the holocaust spring 2014 memories of history: women and the holocaust in holocaust and catholic conscience, the the university of north carolina at greensboro his 376 c&i 515 holocaust history, memory, and education stephen f. austin state university modern germany professor koshar prelims: spring 2011 5en in w the holocaust welcome to the united nations jews, nazi germany, and canadian public opinion select ebook for download amazon s3 his 376: germany & the world in the 20th century a digital books and videos on the holocaust at the georgia tech library women’s experiences during the holocaust – new books in print history alumni news queens college, city university of 6 x 10.5 long title cambridge university press life in nazi germany dilemmas and responses jlip 2011 history 261 rutgers university abstract title of document: “an uncertain life in another
TL;DR: In the world largest chimp colony at the Burgers Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands, a struggle worthy of Machiavelli unfolded during the late 1970s as mentioned in this paper, where the aging alpha male was gradually unseated from his position of power by a younger male, Luit Luit could not have done this on the basis of his own physical strength, but had to enter into an alliance with Nikkie, a still younger male.
Abstract: In the worlds largest captive chimp colony at the Burgers Zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands, a struggle worthy of Machiavelli unfolded during the late 1970s As described by primatologist Frans de Waal, the aging alpha male of the colony, Yeroen, was gradually unseated from his position of power by a younger male, Luit Luit could not have done this on the basis of his own physical strength, but had to enter into an alliance with Nikkie, a still younger male No sooner was Luit on top, however, than Nikkie turned on him and formed a coalition with the deposed leader to achieve dominance himself Luit remained in the background as a threat to his rule, so one day he was murdered by Nikkie and Yeroen, his toes and testicles littering the floor of the cage Jane Goodall became famous studying a group of about 30 chimps at the Gombe National Park in Tanzania in the 1960s, a group she found on the whole to be peaceful In the 1970s, this group broke up into what could only be described as two rival gangs in the northern and southern parts of the range The biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham with Dale Peterson in their 1996 book Demonic Males describes what happened next Parties of four or five males from the northern group would go out, not simply defending their range, but often penetrating into the rival group's territory to pick off individuals caught alone or unprepared The murders were often grisly, and they were celebrated by the attackers with hooting and
TL;DR: The main relief provided by the end of the Cold War is that the danger of nuclear war is off their backs as discussed by the authors. But since the 1990s, other matters have displaced strategic concerns on the foreign policy agenda, and that agenda itself is now barely on the public's radar screen.
Abstract: Since the Cold War, other matters have displaced strategic concerns on the foreign policy agenda, and that agenda itself is now barely on the public's radar screen. Apart from defense policy professionals, few Americans still lose sleep over weapons of mass destruction (wmd). After all, what do normal people feel is the main relief provided by the end of the Cold War? It is that the danger of nuclear war is off their backs.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a history of the Russian revolution and its aftermath, including the following: crisis and revolution, revolution, civil war, dictatorship, and dictatorship, war, peace, and terrorism.
Abstract: Introduction: Utopia and its DiscontentsPart I: Crisis and Revolution1. The Imperial LegacyLand and PeopleAutocracy, Nobility, and BureaucracyThe Coming of CapitalismThe Russian IntelligentsiaMarx, Lenin, and the Case of RussiaEmpire and Nation in Tsarist RussiaThe Final Crisis of TsarismThe Tsar's Last WarSuggestions for Further Reading2. The Double RevolutionThe February Revolution and the End of Romanov Rule Overlapping Revolutions, Dual PowerThe Revolution DeepensOn the Road to OctoberThe October InsurrectionSuggestions for Further Reading3. Socialism and Civil WarOn the Road from Democracy to DictatorshipAfter OctoberSocialism, What's in a Name?Building State CapitalismBuilding the State: War, Peace, and TerrorIntervention and the Civil War in the SouthCivil War in Siberia and the VolgaRussia on its OwnWaiting for the International RevolutionWhere Have All the Workers Gone?The Peasant RevolutionWhy the Bolsheviks Won the Civil WarSuggestions for Further Reading4. Nationalism and RevolutionSouth CaucasiaUkrainians and BelorussiansPoland and the Russo-Polish WarThe Baltic PeoplesFinnsJewsIslam and the Peoples of the EastNationalist and Class StrugglesSuggestions for Further ReadingPart II: Retreat and Rebuilding5. Evolution of a DictatorshipFive Easy StepsOne-Party GovernmentThe Emasculation of the SovietsThe Party/StateOpposition Within the PartyResistance, Rebellion, and Mutiny"A Retreat to State Capitalism"Suggestions for Further Reading6. Socialism in One CountryThe Nationality QuestionThe General SecretaryLenin's MantleEarly Crises of the NEP EconomySocialism in One CountryThe Final Crisis of NEPRetreat and RetrenchmentSoviet Union IsolatedContinuing Revolution in AsiaThe War Scare of 1927Stalin and the CominternBalance and PowerStalin's Path to PowerSuggestions for Further Reading7. NEP SocietyCultures and ClassesWorkers under State CapitalismPeasant RussiaNepmenThe Red ArmyThe New Soviet Man and WomanReligious WarsBuilding Legitimate AuthoritySuggestions for Further Reading8. Culture WarsIntelligentsia and RevolutionFellow-Travelers and Proletarian WritersFilm and Popular CultureSoviet School DaysCultural RevolutionSuggestions for Further ReadingPart III: Stalinism9. The Stalin RevolutionRevolution from AboveWar on the Peasants and the Final OppositionCollectivization and DekulakizationFamine in UkraineThe Countryside After the StormSuggestions for Further Reading10. Stalin's Industrial RevolutionIndustrialization Stalin-StyleClass War on the "Specialists"Extension and CentralizationStalin's Working ClassThe New Class of BossesThe Second Five-Year Plan and StakhanovismMaking the Socialist CitySuggestions for Further Reading11. Building StalinismPolitics and the PartyRetreatThe Great PurgesSuggestions for Further Reading12. Culture and Society in the Socialist MotherlandSocialist RealismGoing to the Movies with StalinDisciplining the IntelligentsiaWomen and the FamilyMind, Body, and SoulIndestructible UnionSuggestions for Further Reading13. Collective Security and the Soviet StateThe Fascist MenaceThe Popular Front and Collective SecurityWar in Europe.Suggestions for Further Reading14. The Great Fatherland WarInvasionFrom Blitzkrieg to War of AttritionThe Supreme Commander and the Road to StalingradWar and Diplomacy, at Home and AbroadEndgameSuggestions for Further Reading15. The Big Chill: The Cold War BeginsHistorians Look at the Cold WarDiplomacy and the War EffortYalta and its AftermathAtomic DiplomacyA New World OrderThe Left in EuropeThe Soviets in Eastern EuropePerceptions and MisperceptionsThe Division of EuropePolandCzechoslovakiaYugoslaviaThe Finnish ExceptionThe German QuestionSuggestions for Further Reading16. Late Stalinism at Home and Abroad From under the RubbleReconstructing Hearts and MindsStalinizing Eastern EuropeCold War and Hot War High Politics in the Kremlin CourtSuggestions for Further ReadingPart IV: Reform and Stagnation17. From Autocracy to Oligarchy. Khrushchev and the Politics of ReformThe Several Deaths of StalinThe ManThe Soviets Enter the Nuclear Age"Peaceful Coexistence" and its Set-BacksKhrushchev in Crisis The "Thaw" and DestalinizationFarm, Factory, and SchoolCoexistenceRift with ChinaCrises in the WestKennedy and KhrushchevKhrushchev's Gamble: The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Fall of KhrushchevSuggestions for Further Reading18. The Paradoxes of Brezhnev's Long ReignThe LeadershipMeeting the American Challenge: VietnamThe Defeat of ReformsCrushing the Prague SpringPublic Opinion and DissentAgricultureBrezhnev AscendantSocial Changes in the Era of StagnationDetente and the Arms RaceTwo Crises: Afghanistan and PolandSuggestions for Further ReadingPart V: Reform and Revolution.19. Reform and the Road to Revolution.The Brief Reign of Iurii AndropovThe Briefer Reign of Konstantin ChernenkoThe Road to Radical ReformGlasnost and the Erosion of AuthorityThe "New Thinking and the End of the Cold WarPolitics in a New IdiomThe "Awakening" of NationsFrom Reform to RevolutionThe Unraveling of the Empire at HomeSurrendering Stalin's EmpirePower to the PeopleThe Final CrisisCoup and CollapseSuggestions for Further Reading20. The Second Russian Republic and the "Near Abroad"The Shock of TherapyConstitutional CrisisRussia, the Near Abroad, and BeyondThe War in ChechnyaTreading WaterThe Decline and AbdicationReviving RussiaThe World OutsideSuggestions for Further ReadingChronology