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Showing papers in "Foreign Affairs in 2014"


Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors of as discussed by the authors argue that responsibility for Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014, including its annexation of Crimea, lies with the U.S. and the European Union (EU) member state allies.
Abstract: The author argues that responsibility for the Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014, including its annexation of Crimea, lies with the U.S. and the European Union (EU) member state allies. He states that they antagonized Russian President Vladimir Putin with support for the expansion of the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) military alliance; the eastward expansion of the EU; and the movement of Ukraine out of Russia's sphere of influence to the Western sphere of through support of pro-democracy movements beginning with the Orange Revolution of 2004.

470 citations


Journal Article

278 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors of as mentioned in this paper argue that responsibility for Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014, including its annexation of Crimea, lies with the U.S. and the European Union (EU) member state allies.
Abstract: The author argues that responsibility for the Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014, including its annexation of Crimea, lies with the U.S. and the European Union (EU) member state allies. He states that they antagonized Russian President Vladimir Putin with support for the expansion of the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) military alliance; the eastward expansion of the EU; and the movement of Ukraine out of Russia's sphere of influence to the Western sphere of through support of pro-democracy movements beginning with the Orange Revolution of 2004.

276 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that countries are more willing to use military force or its threat in pursuit of geopolitical goals and thwart the policies of the U.S. and European Union, which since the end of the Cold War are seen as focused on issues requiring international cooperation such as climatic changes, human rights and nuclear nonproliferation.
Abstract: The author offers opinions on world politics and international relations. Russia's intervention in Ukraine, increased tension between China and Japan and Iran's actions in the Middle East are said to reflect a trend in which countries are more willing to use military force or its threat in pursuit of geopolitical goals. This in turn is said to thwart the policies of the U.S. and European Union (EU) which since the end of the Cold War are seen as focused on issues requiring international cooperation such as climatic changes, human rights and nuclear nonproliferation.

99 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper focused on Chinese President Xi Jinping's efforts to reform the country's leadership structure, economy, and foreign policy, and suggested that the U.S. should encourage China's participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), maintain a strong military presence in the Asia-Pacific region, and support democracy and civil society in Southeast Asia.
Abstract: The article looks at Chinese President Xi Jinping. Particular focus is given to Xi's efforts to reform the country's leadership structure, economy, and foreign policy. According to the author, the reforms could empower China if Xi does not alienate supporters by cracking down on dissent and if he is able to maintain or improve economic growth. Details on Internet regulations, anticorruption efforts, and regional security policy in China are also presented. It is suggested that the U.S. should encourage China's participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), maintain a strong military presence in the Asia-Pacific region, and support democracy and civil society in Southeast Asia.

78 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors discusses the impacts that various technological advances have reportedly had on a unified global marketplace for labor and capital as of July 2014, focusing on the concept of a power law economy and computer company Apple Inc.'s iPhone smartphone product which was apparently designed in California and assembled in China.
Abstract: The article discusses the impacts that various technological advances have reportedly had on a unified global marketplace for labor and capital as of July 2014, focusing on the concept of a power law economy and computer company Apple Inc.'s iPhone smartphone product which was apparently designed in California and assembled in China. Market capitalization and a new world order are mentioned, along with an assessment of the relationship between technology and globalization. Factories in China's Guangdong province are also examined.

42 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the author offers opinions on Russia's intervention in Ukraine and occupation of the Crimea in 2014, which represents an escalation by President Vladimir Putin of Russia's strategy since the 1990s of supporting or contributing to separatist movements in neighboring countries which were once part of the Soviet Union such as Moldova, Georgia and Azerbaijan.
Abstract: The author offers opinions on Russia's intervention in Ukraine and occupation of the Crimea in 2014. The intervention is said to represent an escalation by President Vladimir Putin of Russia's strategy since the 1990s of supporting or contributing to separatist movements in neighboring countries which were once part of the Soviet Union such as Moldova, Georgia and Azerbaijan. It is stated that this strategy has resulted in those countries being more hostile to Russia and seeking closer ties with the U.S. and European Union. Given the more extreme nature of the intervention in Ukraine, it is argued Ukraine will have an event stronger aversion to Russia and desire for alliances with Western countries.

40 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors discusses the lessons that the U.S. and Russian governments can reportedly learn from the first Cold War involving the two nations during the 20th century, focusing on an international crisis involving two countries in 2014 in the wake of Russia's intervention in Ukraine.
Abstract: The article discusses the lessons that the U.S. and Russian governments can reportedly learn from the first Cold War involving the two nations during the 20th century, focusing on an international crisis involving the two countries in 2014 in the wake of Russia's intervention in Ukraine. American-Russian relations are addressed in relation to a war between Russia and Georgia in 2008. U.S. President Barack Obama's administration and the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) are examined, along with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

38 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The article as discussed by the authors discusses the 2014 Russian intervention in Ukraine and responds to the article "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault" by political scientist John Mearsheimer, which appeared in the September/October 2014 issue.
Abstract: The article discusses the 2014 Russian intervention in Ukraine. It responds to the article "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault" by political scientist John Mearsheimer, which appeared in the September/October 2014 issue. The author critiques Mearsheimer's theory that Russia's actions were a response to the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It is suggested that internal Russian politics, and specifically the policies of Russian President Vladimir Putin, are the cause of the crisis. Other topics include political realism and U.S.-Russian cooperation under the administration of former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.

36 citations




Journal Article
TL;DR: The Foreign Minister of Iran as mentioned in this paper argued that the crisis over Iran's nuclear energy program was artificially created by the U.S. and Israel and thus can be resolved through negotiation.
Abstract: The author, the Foreign Minister of Iran, offers opinions on international relations and his country's foreign relations. International relations are said to still be in transition following the end of the Cold War and its bipolar relations in the early 1990s. A state of increased interdependence between nations is said to have replaced domination of world politics by great powers, particularly the U.S., which is said to have been replaced by multilateralism as a means of problem solving and a reluctance to use military force. Iran is said to have the resources to be a valuable influence within the Middle East. It is argued that the crisis over Iran's nuclear energy program was artificially created by the U.S. and Israel and thus can be resolved through negotiation.

Journal Article


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss U.S. Cold War intervention by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the politics of Congo from 1960 to 1964 and discuss decolonization of the former Belgian colony, the 1960 election of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba, and his subsequent 1961 murder.
Abstract: The article discusses U.S. Cold War intervention by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the politics of Congo from 1960 to 1964. It discusses decolonization of the former Belgian colony, the 1960 election of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba, and his subsequent 1961 murder. Congo's foreign relations with Belgium, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. are considered. Topics considered include the CIA's support of paramilitary groups, CIA support of Congolese leader Mobutu, and a historic overview of the Congo's political stability and human rights violations.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The theory that world politics has evolved into a competition between the U.S. and China, Russia and Iran for domination of world politics is rejected as having an exaggerated view of the strength of those three countries as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The author offers opinions on world politics and international relations. The theory that world politics has evolved into a competition between the U.S. and China, Russia and Iran for domination of world politics is rejected as having an exaggerated view of the strength of those three countries and envisions a U.S. weakness which does not exist. Iran is said to lack the resources to be a rival to the U.S. while China and Russia are too involved in existing international organization and economic relations to attempt to alter the existing structure of international relations based on globalization and increased democratization.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Most of the world�s poor lack a basic savings account, but the humble cell phone may change all that as discussed by the authors, thanks to mobile finance, banks can offer critical services to more people and in more places than ever before, helping them escape poverty for good.
Abstract: Most of the world�s poor lack a basic savings account, but the humble cell phone may change all that. Thanks to mobile finance, banks can now offer critical services to more people and in more places than ever before, helping them escape poverty for good.



Journal Article
TL;DR: This article argued that existing programs offering poor people goods and services designed to increase development such as payment for agricultural supplies, business training and livestock are an overly expensive and inefficient means of mitigating poverty.
Abstract: The authors offer opinions on international economic assistance to poor people in developing countries. It is argued that existing programs offering poor people goods and services designed to increase development such as payment for agricultural supplies, business training and livestock are an overly expensive and inefficient means of mitigating poverty. Research on economic assistance conducted by nonprofit organizations and by the World Bank is cited in support of the contention that direct cash payments to poor people is the most effective means of mitigating poverty and increasing economic development.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the United States should nurture a regime to limit drone proliferation, similar to efforts to control nuclear weapons and missiles, in order to prevent the proliferation of drones.
Abstract: Armed drones are starting to rule the skies, but the United States� monopoly over their use is fading. The Obama administration should nurture a regime to limit drone proliferation, similar to efforts to control nuclear weapons and missiles.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at energy production in the U.S. and globally as of 2014, focusing on the rapid increase in shale oil and gas production, and discuss the potential geopolitical consequences of such production, including reducing the power of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and of Russia.
Abstract: The article looks at energy production in the U.S. and globally as of 2014, focusing on the rapid increase in shale oil and gas production. The author says such production has reversed the earlier view that petroleum production had peaked and would inevitably decline. He discusses reasons the U.S. is a leader in shale oil and gas and says the industry will benefit the U.S. economy. He discusses concerns about the sector, including environmental problems associated with hydraulic fracturing (fracking). He looks at the potential geopolitical consequences of rising U.S. petroleum production, including reducing the power of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and of Russia, through U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports to Europe.



Journal Article
TL;DR: In India, the Supreme Court re-established a colonial era law prohibiting homosexual relations, which will mix poorly with an Indian society that has a long tradition of tolerance for sexual minorities as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Last December, India's Supreme Court re-established a colonial era law prohibiting homosexual relations. That will mix poorly with an Indian society that has a long tradition of tolerance for sexual minorities.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the Japanese economy from the burst of its asset bubble in the 1990s and its failure to recover as of 2014, comparing that situation to the global economy since 2008.
Abstract: The article discusses the Japanese economy from the burst of its asset bubble in the 1990s and its failure to recover as of 2014, comparing that situation to the global economy since 2008. The author argues that the global economy suffers from a deficiency of demand and that direct money transfers, as proposed by economist Ben Bernanke and others, or other alternative methods of increasing demand are necessary. Comments from economist Alan Greenspan are included.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors discusses Russian President Vladimir Putin's reported vision for Eurasia as of July 2014, focusing on the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, international relations between Russia and various Western nations, and an apparently ongoing crisis in Ukraine.
Abstract: The article discusses Russian President Vladimir Putin's reported vision for Eurasia as of July 2014, focusing on the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, international relations between Russia and various Western nations, and an apparently ongoing crisis in Ukraine. U.S. diplomat George Kennan and Russian liberals are addressed, along with the efforts to assimilate Russia into the Western system of governance. Former U.S. Presidents such as Bill Clinton are mentioned, along with the 20th century Cold War and Russian territorial splits involving Georgia and Moldova.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the establishment and duties of the U.S. Forest Service and explore the politics of federal forest management, including the creation of the Forest Service during the Progressive Era, the organization and administration of the forest service, and policies related to lumbering, timber management, and forest fires.
Abstract: The article discusses the establishment and duties of the U.S. Forest Service and explores the politics of federal forest management. It is adapted from the book "Political Order and Political Decay: From the French Revolution to the Present," by Francis Fukuyama. Topics include the creation of the Forest Service during the Progressive Era, the organization and administration of the Forest Service, and policies related to lumbering, timber management, and forest fires.