Showing papers in "Forensic Science International in 2000"

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that an apparent mis-match between crime-stain and a suspect DNA profile does not necessarily result in an exclusion, and the duplication guideline is robust by applying a statistical theory that models three key parameters - namely the incidence of allele drop-out, laboratory contamination and stutter.

TL;DR: A suitable cut-off level related to the LOD will allow correct identification of drugs or metabolites in hair and little information is available at this time to what extent test results are comparable and their interpretation is consistent.

TL;DR: The DNA Commission of the ISFG met on 16th August 1999 in San Francisco to develop current guidelines and the following are the recommendations by the DNA Commission on the use of mtDNA analysis.

TL;DR: An apparent rise in the sensitivity increases the chance of obtaining successful results from the more difficult samples submitted for analysis, and two of the new loci are low molecular weight (between 100 and 150 base pairs); this improved the success rates of the degraded samples where high molecular weight loci may drop out.

TL;DR: The paper extends on the traditional methodology used to quantify DNA evidence in paternity or identification cases by implying that there are more than two alternatives to choose between and exemplifies using the well published Romanov data where the accepted solution emerges among 4536 possibilities considered.

TL;DR: The validation parameters were found satisfactory for a corticosteroid screening procedure and the correlation coefficient of the calibration curve ranged from 0.939 to 0.997, showing linearity between 0.1 and 10 ng/mg, excepted for beclomethasone.

TL;DR: A broad spectrum of neuropathologic changes are encountered in the brains of heroin abusers, mainly due to infections, either due to bacterial spread from bacterial endocarditis, mycoses, or from HIV-1 infection.

TL;DR: Facial reconstruction using 3-D computer graphics is being used in this institute as a routine procedure in forensic cases as well as for skulls of historical and archaeological interest.

TL;DR: In surgical specimens the cytokine levels revealed a clear tendency to increase with wound age, and IL-1β in early skin wounds and TNF-α after a wound age of 1–2 h demonstrated statistically significant changes in comparison with control skin.

TL;DR: A new extrapolation method was developed which treats haplotype frequencies as random variables and generates estimates of the underlying distribution functions on the basis of closely related haplotypes, and application of the method to the quality assured reference Y-STR haplotype database described herein will prove very useful for the evaluation of positive trace-donor matches in forensic casework.

TL;DR: Measurements of femoral dimensions in a contemporary German population and sexual dimorphism by discriminant analysis are provided and it is shown that the results for the transverse head diameter could not be improved.

TL;DR: HS-SPME coupled with the hydrolysis of the hair matrix by 4% sodium hydroxide in the presence of excess sodium sulphate and of a suitable internal standard proved to be a convenient one-step method for the measurement of many lipophilic basic drugs such as nicotine, amphetamine derivatives, local anaesthetics, phencyclidine, ketamine, methadone, diphenhydramine, tramadol, tricyclic antidepressants and phenothiazines.

TL;DR: These chemical spot tests were found to be very sensitive with limits of detection typically 1 to 50 microg depending on the test and the analyte.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the ETIR spectra of the organic portion of soil serves a useful purpose in forensic investigations.

TL;DR: Different sensitive methods for testing hair for amphetamines, anabolic steroids and their esters and corticosteroids are developed and samples were sampled and tested both in hair and in urine.

TL;DR: In the Oslo and Copenhagen capital areas, 141 homicides by sharp force were committed in the ten-year period 1985-1994, and this method accounted for 33% of the homicides in this period.

TL;DR: A forensic insect collecting kit is developed, and policemen are educated for greater acceptance and better application of FE, and a DNA-based reliable and fast identification method especially for the immature stages of necrophagous insects became part of the project.

TL;DR: From the difference of THC-COOH in the native urine and urine after enzymatic hydrolysis, molar concentration ratios of cannabis users were determined and found to be between 1.3 and 4.5.

TL;DR: This paper describes a photographic technique which allows accurate anatomical measurement and tracing of facial features, which allows direct physical comparison of ID document images.

TL;DR: The study showed that antimere teeth are the most homogeneous as regards stages of development, and was more accurate for boys and girls below 10 years of age.

TL;DR: Using a solid-phase extraction procedure and a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method, the levels of dopamine and the level of dopamine-derived salsolinol (SAL) and norsalinol (NorSAL), were determined in human brain areas involved in the etiology of alcoholism, parkinsonism and other diseases as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The validation of the forensic, CAD-supported photogrammetry, as shown by the perfect 3-D match between the tire tread and the facial injury, demonstrates how greatly this3-D method surpasses the classic 2-D overlay method (one-to-one photography).

TL;DR: The use of SPME is proposed for the determination of methadone and its main metabolite EDDP in hair by GC-MS and Analytical recoveries were close to 100% for both compounds on spiked samples.

TL;DR: This study focuses on pain diagnosis, characterising pain types as nociceptive, visceral or neuropathic, related to the following four types of physical torture: Palestinian hanging, falanga, beating and kicking of the head, and positional torture.

TL;DR: The extent to which the mtDNA sequences that do not differ in the HVI and HVII regions can be differentiated by additionally sequencing HVIII was investigated.

TL;DR: The aim of this report is to illustrate the diagnostic usefulness of hair testing in different age groups (newborns, children, adults) and circumstances: (criminal cases, athletes, child custody cases, etc.).

TL;DR: A retrospective investigation of forensic autopsy cases involving methamphetamine during a 5-year period (1994-1998) in the southern half of Osaka city and surrounding areas found common complications were cardiomyopathy, cerebral perivasculitis and liver cirrhosis/interstitial hepatitis.

TL;DR: The observed outcome patterns were largely consistent with differences in drug preferences among the various societal groups, and there was little evidence of a pattern attributable to hair color bias alone or selective binding of drugs to hair of a particular color.

TL;DR: This system consists of a 3-D physiognomic range finder, a computer-assisted facial image superimposition unit, and a host computer including a proprietary software, a flat surface color display and a color image scanner for inputting 2-D facial images of a criminal.