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JournalISSN: 1860-8965

Forensic Toxicology 

Springer Science+Business Media
About: Forensic Toxicology is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Mass spectrometry. It has an ISSN identifier of 1860-8965. Over the lifetime, 668 publications have been published receiving 10164 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two new types of quinolinyl carboxylates, quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-(1H-indole)-3-carboxylate (QUCHIC) and quinoline-8 -yl 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1Hindole-3 -carboxylate (QUChIC, 2), were identified as designer drugs in illegal products.
Abstract: We identified two new-type cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates, quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-(1H-indole)-3-carboxylate (QUPIC, 1) and quinolin-8-yl 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (QUCHIC, 2); and two new cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-FUBINACA, 3) and N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (ADBICA, 4), as designer drugs in illegal products. Compound 3 was reported to have a potent affinity for cannabinoid CB1 receptor by Pfizer in 2009, but this is the first report of its detection in illegal products. No chemical or pharmacological data for compounds 1, 2, and 4 have appeared until now, making this the first report on these compounds. We also detected synthetic cannabinoids, APICA N-(5-fluoropentyl) analog (5), APINACA N-(5-fluoropentyl) analog (6), UR-144 N-(5-chloropentyl) analog (7), JWH-122 N-(5-chloropentyl) analog (8), and AM-2201 4-methoxynaphthyl analog (4-MeO-AM-2201, 9) herein as newly distributed designer drugs in Japan. It is of interest that compounds 1 and 2 were detected with their synthetic component, 8-quinolinol (10). A stimulant thiophene analog, α-pyrrolidinovalerothiophenone (α-PVT, 11), and an opioid receptor agonist, 3,4-dichloro-N-([1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl)benzamide (AH-7921, 12), were also detected as new types of designer drugs coexisting with several synthetic cannabinoids and cathinone derivatives in illegal products.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review presents the various colorimetric detections, immunochemical assays, gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric methods, and liquid chromatographs proposed for the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones.
Abstract: A number of N-alkyl indole or indazole-3-carbonyl analogs, with modified chemical structures, are distributed throughout the world as synthetic cannabinoids. Like synthetic cannabinoids, cathinone analogs are also abused and cause serious problems worldwide. Acute deaths caused by overdoses of these drugs have been reported. Various analytical methods that can cope with the rapid changes in chemical structures are required for routine analysis and screening of these drugs in seized and biological materials for forensic and clinical purposes. Although many chromatographic methods to analyze each drug have been published, there are only a few articles summarizing these analytical methods. This review presents the various colorimetric detections, immunochemical assays, gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric methods, and liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric methods proposed for the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones.

154 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental results provided unambiguous evidence for a systemic intoxication and were the first proving the use of sarin in the ongoing bellicose conflict, highlighting the requirement for qualified and specialized analytical laboratories to face repeated violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Abstract: During the United Nations fact-finding mission to investigate the alleged use of chemical warfare agents in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2013, numerous tissues from a deceased female victim, who had displayed symptoms of cholinergic crisis, were collected. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) authorized two specialized laboratories in the Netherlands and Germany for forensic analysis of these samples. Diverse modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based procedures in combination with either liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) separation were applied. A variety of biotransformation products of the nerve agent sarin was detected, including the hydrolysis product O-isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) as well as covalent protein adducts with e.g., albumin and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). IMPA was extracted after sample acidification by solid-phase extraction and directly analyzed by LC–tandem-MS with negative electrospray ionization (ESI). Protein adducts were found, either by fluoride-induced reactivation applying GC–MS techniques or by LC–MS-based detection after positive ESI for proteolyzed proteins yielding phosphonylated tyrosine residues or a specific phosphonylated hBChE-derived nonapeptide. These experimental results provided unambiguous evidence for a systemic intoxication and were the first proving the use of sarin in the ongoing bellicose conflict. This scenario underlines the requirement for qualified and specialized analytical laboratories to face repeated violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A cannabimimetic indole has been identified as a new adulterant in a herbal product being sold illegally in Japan for its expected narcotic effect as mentioned in this paper, which was reported as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist possessing a pharmacological cannabolimetic activity.
Abstract: A cannabimimetic indole has been identified as a new adulterant in a herbal product being sold illegally in Japan for its expected narcotic effect. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicated that the product contained two major compounds. One was identified as a cannabinoid analog (1RS,3SR)-3-[4-(1,1-dimethyloctyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]cyclohexan-1-ol (1) by direct comparison with the authentic compound, which we reported previously. The other compound (2) showed a molecular weight of 341 daltons, and accurate mass spectral measurements showed its elemental composition to be C24H23NO. Both mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric data revealed that 2 was 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole [or naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone] being identical to JWH-018, which was synthesized by Wiley and coworkers in 1998. This compound was reported as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist possessing a pharmacological cannabimimetic activity.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 3-Methylfentanyl showed the strongest analgesic activity among these compounds, and the most frequently abused fentanyl derivative, α-methylf fentanyl, also showed quite strong activity.
Abstract: Eleven chemically modified 1-(2-phenethyl)-4-(N-propionylanilino)-piperidine (fentanyl) analogues were synthesized and their analgesic activities were evaluated by the acetic acid writhing method in mice. Their effective dose (ED50) and lethal dose (LD50) values were compared with those of morphine and fentanyl. The synthesized fentanyl analogues were categorized into three groups: a mono-methylated group, a group in which hydrogen in the para-position of the aromatic ring bound to the propionylanilino group was substituted with F, Cl, CH3, or OCH3, and a group in which the propionyl moiety was changed to an acetyl one. 3-Methylfentanyl showed the strongest analgesic activity among these compounds, and the most frequently abused fentanyl derivative, α-methylfentanyl, also showed quite strong activity. The analgesic activities of p-fluorofentanyl and acetylfentanyl were also relatively strong and not negligible. The activities of other analogues were significantly lower than that of fentanyl. The ranges between LD50 and ED50 of these fentanyl analogues were narrower than that of fentanyl. A number of fatal cases in humans caused by the abuse of fentanyl analogues are considered to be due not only to overdosing but also to the narrow ranges between the ED50 and LD50 values.

132 citations

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Journal in previous years
YearPapers
202314
202266
202165
202052
201953
201855