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Showing papers in "Free Radical Biology and Medicine in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The factors underlying the influence of the different classes of polyphenols in enhancing their resistance to oxidation are discussed and support the contention that the partition coefficients of the flavonoids as well as their rates of reaction with the relevant radicals define the antioxidant activities in the lipophilic phase.

8,513 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current understanding of the mechanisms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the potential role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherosclerosis are reviewed and potential strategies for inhibiting oxidation in the vessel wall are suggested.

1,376 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a large group of flavonoids from all major structural subclasses were tested on their ability to inhibit doxorubicin (enzymatically)-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation (LPO) and to chelate Fe2+.

1,195 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Low levels of antioxidant enzyme gene expression may provide an explanation for the extraordinary sensitivity of pancreatic beta cells towards cytotoxic damage by diabetogenic compounds and during the development of human and animal diabetes.

1,111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the galloyl moiety attached to flavan-3-ol at 3 position has a strong scavenging ability on the DPPH radical as well as the ortho-trihydroxyl group in the B ring, which elevates the radical scavenging efficiency above that of the orthosylated group; as has been recognized in other flavonoids such as flavones.

768 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The widely used TBA assay for lipid peroxidation was modified to minimize artefactual oxidative degradation of lipids during the assay, and the concentration effect of BHT addition was examined.

708 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differential regulation of these transcriptional activators, which in turn, regulate many target/effector genes, may provide an additional mechanism by which small antioxidant molecules play protective roles in anticancer and antiaging processes.

679 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that hydroxy-flavones exhibit interesting antioxidant properties expressed either by the capacity to scavenge free radicals or to competitively inhibit xanthine oxidase (for 7-hydroxy-Flavones), which may be drug candidates for treating pathologies related to free radical oxidation.

675 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of viral infections is analyzed, with particular attention to influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and HIV as representative examples of these three classes, respectively.

621 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shinya Toyokuni1
TL;DR: In humans, genetic hemochromatosis and asbestosis are two major diseases associated with iron-induced carcinogenesis, and there is an increasing number of reports of an association between increased body iron stores and increased risk of cancer.

541 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It has been proposed that this antioxidative mechanism is the underlying anti-aging action of dietary restriction, currently the only antiaging intervention accepted by gerontologists and nutritionists.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence for the presence of an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in smoking-induced lung disease and its relevance to therapy in these conditions is reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that quercetin glucosides from onions are absorbed and are eliminated slowly throughout the day, and the dietary antioxidant quercETin could increase the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a profound imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants has been suggested in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis, and the respective influence of uremia and dialysis procedure has not been evaluated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review discusses several critical controversies in this field and lays special emphasis on the cellular and biochemical reactions related to the formation mechanisms of lipofuscin, ceroid, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and age pigment like fluorophores (APFs).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that melatonin exerts only limited direct antioxidant activities and serotonin was weakly pro-oxidant in the ferric-bleomycin system and strongly pro-Oxidants in the Fe(3+)-EDTA/H2O-deoxyribose system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inactivation of both superoxide dismutase and catalase by the radicals produced by 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane) pyrolysis under aerobic conditions follows a first-order kinetics at low enzyme concentrations and a zero-order Kinetics at higher concentrations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro evidence indicating the generation of ROS in cultured rat hepatocytes caused by AFB1 exposure is provided, and it is postulated that the metabolic process of AFB1 by cytochrome P450 might be the possible source of the elevated ROS level in AFB1-treated hepatocytes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that nonlethal levels of arsenic increase intracellular oxidant levels, promote nuclear translocation of trans-acting factors, and are mitogenic is investigated, and data suggest that arsenite initiates vascular dysfunction by activating oxidant-sensitive endothelial cell signaling.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the neuronal mitochondrial respiratory chain is damaged by sustained exposure to nitric oxide and that reduced glutathione may be an important defence against such damage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the peroxynitrite-PARS pathway contributes to cellular injury in a number of pathophysiological conditions including shock and inflammation, pancreatic islet cell destruction, and diabetes, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the toxic effects of various environmental oxidants or cytotoxic drugs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main purpose of this review article is to provide a better understanding of the role of oxidants as modulators/mediators of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction pathways, presenting published as well as unpublished contribution to the field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The high level of EC SOD in vessels, and its localization between endothelial and smooth muscle cells, suggest that regulation of superoxide may be particularly important in this region, possibly in regulating vascular tone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The spectrophotometric method, as revised by us, provides an easy, rapid, sensitive, and complete measure of hydroperoxidation of lipids.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data demonstrate that lipid and protein oxidation occur in chronic hepatitis C, oxidative damage can be demonstrated as increased serum levels of MDA and PCC, and both MDAand PCC levels correlate with disease activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From the fact that the response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was almost totally inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), it is concluded that O2.- is the reacting oxygen species measured.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that diesel exhaust particles instilled intratracheally and repeatedly to mice (once/week for 16 weeks) caused marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of goblet cells, increased mucus secretion, respiratory resistance, and airway constriction, and bronchial asthma in mice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current evidence to support the notion that drugs for a particular therapeutic category might possess useful antioxidant capacity hence minimising tissue injury due to free radicals is examined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of superoxide anions in modulation of endothelial mechanisms responsible for regulation of arterial tone will be discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results showed TBARS formed and the loss of arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation, and that hydroxyl radical formed by the Fenton reaction were completely inhibited by ginseng extract, suggesting this antioxidant effect of ginsang may be responsible for its wide pharmacological actions in clinical practice by a free radical reaction-inhibition mechanism.