Showing papers in "Fuel in 1970"

TL;DR: In this article, the ion exchange properties of low-rank coals have been studied with a view to obtaining optimum conditions for the determination of carboxyl groups in the presence of phenolic groups.

TL;DR: In this paper, a structural investigation of the constituents of the Athabasca bitumen by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been made, and the chemical structures within the bitumen are expressed in terms of carbon-type distribution which is derived from proton distribution, elemental analyses, and molecular weight data.

TL;DR: In this paper, two techniques have been used to study the diffusion of methane in American coal of rank varying from low volatile matter anthracite to high volatile content bituminous.

TL;DR: In this article, a study has been made of the thermal cracking, with simultaneous removal of distillate, of Athabasca bitumen, Asphaltenes, and deasphalted heavy oil.

TL;DR: In this paper, the barium hydroxide exchange procedure for the determination of acidic groups in coals has been re-examined, using a wide range of low-rank coal samples (61.7-79.1% carbon d.m.f. basis).

TL;DR: In this article, detailed evidence was presented to support the hypothesis that from mature coals, a substantial quantity of simpler compounds can be separated by physical methods from a complex residue, and that current views on the chemical constitution of coal will need to be considerably modified.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the infra-red spectra of twelve Japanese coals, from lignite to anthracite, using potassium bromide discs and found that the marked intensity of the aliphatic CH hydrogen absorption, especially at 2920 cm −1, is the characteristic feature in the infraspectra of Japanese coal in comparison with others, suggesting that oxygen-containing structures, as well as the C�C aromatic structure, cause this absorption.

TL;DR: In this paper, a laser has been used to rapidly heat coals, aromatic compounds, and plastics under high vacuum in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and the mass spectra of the products show that these three classes of materials behave quite differently on heating, the type of spectrum produced being characteristic of the structure being heated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a weakly-caking bituminous coal with benzene/ethanol (7:3 by volume) was extracted, and the total amount of hydrocarbons extracted in 250 h was twice that obtained in 50 h.

TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption and desorption of ionic beryllium was investigated for seven samples (mainly peat and coal macerals), as a function of solution concentration and pH.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for measuring the degree of oxidation of coal has been developed, which appears to be more rapid, simpler, and more generally applicable to coals of widely differing expansion properties.

TL;DR: In this article, measurements were made for helium and methane flowing through thin discs of coal, and the results showed that flow rates were 50% lower across the bedding plane of the coal than along the coal seam.

TL;DR: A thorough investigation into the British Standard method for the determination of pyritic sulphur has shown that it is not suitable for all Australian coals, and that instead, the direct or non-simultaneous method should be adopted as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristic differential thermal analysis (d.t.a.) curves produced by bituminous coals exposed to air in the temperature range 20 −450°C have been interpreted in terms of oxidation and internal burning.

TL;DR: In this article, the presence in the humic acid of activated hydroxyl groups which show some of the properties of carboxylic acids is explained by postulating the presence of activated hydrastic groups.

TL;DR: In this article, four macerals from an hvab coal have been dehydrogenated and different yields of hydrogen were obtained, and it was shown that fusinite is more aromatic as coalification proceeds and rank increases.

TL;DR: In this paper, a thin layer of coal particles (size 2 ) has been used and a flash-heating study was conducted on pulverized-coal combustion, where the main components of the gas were hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, and at high incident energies acetylene.

TL;DR: The infra-red spectra of Tertiary lignites are related to their chemical structure and geology as discussed by the authors, and Manskaya's finding of 35-70% lignins in young lignite was confirmed by the fact that Lignites show no infrared absorption by aromatic CH stretching vibrations.

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive study of the formation and structure of carbon-sulphur complexes is presented, which is directed towards providing a basis for the assessment of possibilities of controlling the organic sulphur content of coke.

TL;DR: In this paper, eight coal tar pitches, all of similar softening point but of varying coking values and solvent analyses, have been assessed for their suitability as electrode binders.

TL;DR: In this article, the United Nations Published tentative method ST/ECE/Coal/12 with the added feature that the reaction tube with its inlet and outlet gas connections and internal thermocouple were suspended from an indicating decigram balance.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of measurements of the internal porosity of Yallourn brown coal, and the outcome of efforts made to reduce this porosity down to the figure obtained with petroleum coke by briquetting and/or carbonizing procedures were reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed comparison between the chemistry and structure of an oil shale and that of lignite is made, and it is suggested that oil shales give phenols on pyrolysis only when they have been derived from vegetation containing lignins.

TL;DR: In this paper, a spectroscopic method of statistical group analysis for fifteen micrinites and semifusinites is presented. And the results of the analysis are compared in comparison with other maceral types.