Showing papers in "Fuel in 1986"

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that there are two (or possibly three) populations of protons in coal, which exhibit appreciably different free induction decay times and hence have quite different levels of rotational mobility.

TL;DR: Carbon can also be used as a catalyst support for gas-solid reactions, if the temperature and pressure of the gas phase are such that the carbon support is stable under gaseous reactants of the catalytic process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors carried out dilatometric studies on three coal samples in various gaseous environments and found that the carbon contents of the three samples were 65.8, 78.3, and 83.8% d.a.f., respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the polynuclear aromatic compound fractions (PAC) separated by column chromatography from five diesel fuels, a gas oil and sample of kerosene were analysed by capillary column gas chromatography with simultaneous parallel triple detection.

TL;DR: In this paper, a steam gasification of calcium-loaded Yallourn coal has been carried out with a thermobalance, and it was shown that the interconversion between calcium carbonate and oxide takes place readily in the gasification temperature region.

TL;DR: In this article, the non-isothermal oxidation of coal chars was investigated by conventional thermogravimetric analysis (tga) over the temperature range 450-650 °C.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the FT-i.r. technique to distinguish coal from other coal types by characteristic functional groups and showed that the high resolution of the resultant spectra clearly differentiate between the substance extracted by solvents and the original coal.

TL;DR: In this article, the reported rates derived using a single first-order process to define weight loss for coal pyrolysis at 800 °C were compared with those derived using two different firstorder processes.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of alkaline additives on the carbonization mechanism of coals is investigated and the physico-chemical reactions which cause the development of the microporosity are determined and discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the water-holding capacity of various coals from lignite to anthracite was measured and its relation to their oxygen content and pore structure was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a sample of kerogen isolated from a Green River oil shale has been examined using high resolution solid state 13 C n.m.r. spectroscopy and the relative concentrations of carbon types have been determined using a novel peak-synthesis technique applied to the 13 C spectra.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between Raman spectral parameters, optical reflectance measurements, and crystallite diameter, La, determined by X-ray diffraction measurements, was investigated in terms of the coke structure and they suggest that Raman spectroscopy and reflectance measurement are potentially useful for characterising differences in thermal history in heterogeneous char samples.

TL;DR: In this article, a simplified one-dimensional model for coal self-heating was developed, which consists of three differential equations describing the temperature, oxygen concentration and pressure variations in a coal bed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions of quinoline and isoquinoline were extensively examined, with very brief studies made of benzonitrile, aniline, tetralin, dihydroanthracene and ethylbenzene.

TL;DR: Differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) has been used to determine the amount of crystallized paraffins and the temperature at which crystals appear in a diesel fuel containing no additive and submitted to slow cooling as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, it is proposed that some anions can compete with the char for the alkali cations and thus inhibit the formation of an alkali-carbon complex which is believed to be the active gasification site.

TL;DR: In this article, experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of mineral matter on the reactivity of bituminous coal during potassium-catalysed steam gasification, and they proved that these minerals reduce reactivity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the surface areas of different carbonaceous materials at various levels of conversion and found that the conversion rates per unit BET surface area remained mostly constant over the range of higher conversion (X > 0.4).

TL;DR: In this article, a ligand exchange column chromatography (LEC) was used for the isolation of sulphur heterocycles (PASH) from the aromatic fraction of complex mixtures, using silica gel impregnated with palladium chloride.

TL;DR: In this paper, the absorption, excitation and emission spectra of Athabasca (Alberta, Canada) asphaltene and five of its fractions separated according to molecular weight (MW) by gel permeation chromatography (g.p.c.) on Bio-Beads SX-1.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new equation was proposed, which excludes empirical correction terms but includes a term explicitly related to the enthalpy of decomposition, which is at least as effective in predicting calorific values for a set of 1004 coals as equivalent equations derived for 6 subsets of the coals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the transformation of organically bound alkaline metals on the surface of char particles during combustion of pulverized Montana lignite was studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an isotope dilution technique to determine the yields of three abundant products, butanedioic acid, 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetetracarboxyl acid, quantitatively and semiquantitatively.

TL;DR: Sulphur heterocycles in coal tar and in a coal liquid vacuum residue were isolated by ligand exchange chromatography using PdCl2 on silica gel as mentioned in this paper, and subsequent fractions were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of various metals on gasification rate and the composition of the evolved gas during the steam gasification of carbons have been examined in detail, and the rate equations were found to be dependent on the nature of the metal, and were divided into three groups.

TL;DR: In this article, a transient kinetic technique was used to measure the intrinsic rate constant k2 of the reaction C(O) → CO + Cf, where Cf is an available site and O is an occupied site, and it was found that k2 = 1011.6 ± 2.3 exp[ −(225 000 ± 39000)/RT]min−1.

TL;DR: In this paper, a fast response plastometer was used to determine the torque required for constant rotation of a thin disc embedded within a thin layer of coal heated between two parallel metal plates.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of amount of catalysts added on catalytic activity was studied, and the relation between the catalytic activities and distribution of the catalysts was illustrated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the amount of oxygen trapped by metal on the surface of carbon was measured by the flash desorption method by use of a Curie-point pyrolyser.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured gasification rates of a Texas lignite char, having calcium contents varying from 1.1 to 12.9 wt%, in air, steam, CO 2, and H 2.