Showing papers in "Fuel in 1996"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used both a thermogravimetric analyser and a packed-bed pyrolyser to investigate the relationship between pyrolyses of isolated biomass components and the composition of the biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of mixed wood waste was pyrolysed in a fluidized bed reactor at 400, 450, 500 and 550°C, and the results showed that only low quantities of hydrocarbons were present and the oxygenated and polar fractions were dominant.

TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of the thermal conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and steam were studied, using anphthalene, toluene and benzene as model compounds.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of coal composition on micropore capacity and size distribution were investigated for a medium-volatile bituminous coal from the mid-Cretaceous Gates Formation of north-east British Columbia and a highvolatile bimodal coal from Cretaceous of Alberta.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of heating rate, temperature, particle size and residence time on the product distribution, gas composition and char reactivity in a free-fall pyrolysis of biomass, wood and agricultural residues were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple laboratory apparatus was used to obtain the pyrolysis products of the biomass samples, allowing a small amount of oil to be collected for thermogravimetric evaluation of its quality.

TL;DR: In this article, the heating values of various types of biomass components and their pyrolysis products such as char, liquids and gases are presented, and correlations are developed to express these.

TL;DR: In this article, changes in the combustion reactivity of sets of chars from five coals have been determined as a function of increasing devolatilisation temperature, heating rate and pressure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of stoichiometry and residence time in the fuel-rich zone and effects of temperature were evaluated for air staging with different coals and, in the case of reburning, for different gaseous reburn fuels.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mobility of > 30 trace elements from four Spanish coals was investigated using sequential extraction procedures, and the total leachable fractions were obtained by comparing the total trace element content in the bulk coal samples with the extractable content.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) temperature and coal rank on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions was assessed, and the results showed that the total PAH emission depends mainly on the pyrolytic process and to a lesser degree on the combustion efficiency.

TL;DR: In this paper, a co-operative fuel research (CFR) diesel engine was used to evaluate the effect of varying cetane number on emissions when the basic chemical structure and physical properties of the fuel were almost unaltered.

TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolytic behavior of three different kinds of solid fuel and their blends in order to understand and further improve the performance of fluidized bed gasification of biomass-poor coal blends was reported.

TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model has been developed to describe the main deposition processes of ash particles with a predetermined chemical composition, including thermophoresis and inertial impaction.

TL;DR: In this article, the P-1 model for thermal radiation transfer is re-examined in view of its potential applications to industrial problems as part of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, a kinetic model for low-temperature oxidation is developed, based on a single isothermal particle, which allows assessment of the relative importance of various mass transfer resistances.

TL;DR: In this paper, a reaction-diffusion model for low-temperature oxidation of coal was developed and used to extract kinetic rate parameters for a Wyoming subbituminous coal.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between heavy oil and oil-water emulsion flames is presented that, due to the different initial conditions of the spray, provide complementary information, including spatial distributions in the flame of temperature and species concentrations (O2, CO, UHC, NOx) as well as gaseous and solid emissions in the flue gases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of an experimental bench-scale program to measure the partitioning of selected trace elements during atmospheric pressure entrained flow gasification of Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, pyrolysis vapours were upgraded by passing them over a fixed bed of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, which was diluted with stainless steel ball bearings.

TL;DR: In this article, full-scale measurements were carried out for 1 week on a 250 MW e pulverized coal fired unit using 10-20% straw (thermal basis) with an increased fraction of straw in the fuel, a net decrease in NO x and SO 2 emissions was measured.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of the high water content of sludge on its combustion process, and determined the distribution of the sludge carbon between the volatiles and char, the location of the release and combustion of the VOLATILITY, and the concentrations of char carbon in the bed.

TL;DR: A prototype organosolv lignin was hydrocracked at temperatures of 370-410°C in the presence of tetralin, a hydrogen donor solvent as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to determine the nature and extent of carbon-oxygen (CO) complexes formed on the char surface.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermally induced interrelation between total tar, chemical distribution of principal tar constituents and the three C2 compounds (ethane, ethene, ethyne) obtained from wood pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure in a continuous bench-scale fixed bed reactor was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, it was demonstrated that the stability of polymer-modified bitumens depends not only on the difference in density and viscosity between bitumen and polymer but also on bitumen structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the tendency of various single-component hydrocarbons to release soot from a laminar diffusion flame was investigated using experimental results obtained by the authors and other investigators.

TL;DR: In this paper, the calcination behavior of limestone particles (6-90 μm) under furnace injection conditions (1073-1673 K) was determined, and electron microscopic analysis of partially calcined particles revealed that calcination occurred over the total (internal and external) surface area with different calcination rates at different locations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the different constituents on the thermal stability of bitumens was studied by t.g.a. and differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.).

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of an experimental study of the determination of wax appearance temperatures (WAT) of 15 crude oils by differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.), thermomicroscopy and viscometry were presented.