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Showing papers in "Fuel in 2000"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, H-, Na- and Ca-form coal samples were prepared from a sample of Loy Yang brown coal and pyrolysed in a wire-mesh reactor.

367 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: The abundances and distributions of organic constituents in coal smoke particulate matter are dependent on thermal combustion temperature, ventilation, burn time, and coal rank (geologic maturity).

340 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the emissions of CO 2, NO x and SO 2 from the combustion of a high-volatile coal with N 2 - and CO 2 -based, high O 2 concentration (20, 50, 80, 100%) inlet gases were investigated in an electrically heated up-flow-tube furnace at elevated gas temperatures.

262 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the fate of inorganic salts in straw-firing combustion systems was studied in Sandia's multifuel combustor and the deposition of potassium, chlorine, and sulphur and the sulphation of potassium chloride to potassium sulphate.

204 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of HCN and NH 3 from pyrolysis of coal (and biomass) is discussed based on experimental data as well as the data in the literature, including the pyrolynsis of N-containing pyrrolic and pyridinic model compounds.

186 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the co-gasification of residual biomass/poor coal blends and gasification of individual feedstocks used in the blends were performed in a bench scale, continuous fluidized-bed working at atmospheric pressure.

173 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the behaviour of different ashes was predicted by the combination of extended fuel analysis with advanced global thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, which is a fractionation method that consists of sequential leaching of a solid fuel with water, ammonium acetate and hydrochloric acid.

173 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a more complete mathematical description of the stability of bitumen in terms of three-dimensional solubility parameters has been proposed, which can be easily visualised in a 3D diagram or a physical model.

161 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a bio-sludge sample was collected after biological treatment of de-inking waste generated by pulp and paper mills and the sample was then “soaked at this temperature for 10min and subsequently cooled or quenched at a rate of 20 or 1800°C/min−1, respectively.

158 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, pyrolysis studies of the Tarfaya (Morocco) oil shales were performed using an installation specially adapted to the pyrolynsis of oil shale under microwave irradiation.

153 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the sulfation and steam hydration reactivation characteristics of nine limestones were evaluated based on laboratory sulfations and hydration tests and scanning electron microscope analyses, and three sulfation patterns were observed in the limestones: unreacted core, uniformly sulfated and network.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: The formation and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during pyrolysis and fuel-rich combustion of primary tar generated under rapid heating conditions have been studied as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of particle size and the physical structure of coals (including pore size and surface area) on the self-heating character of high and low rank Indonesian coals and their blends.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of HCN and NH 3 during the pyrolysis of a biomass (bagasse) and a set of rank-ordered coal samples has been studied in a novel reactor.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: The mechanism of direct sulfation of limestone under high CO2 concentration, different from that of CaO-SO2 sulfation, is one of the factors to account for its high sulfation efficiency as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach has been developed to predict a particle structure parameter used in the random pore model used to predict reactivity of bituminous coal chars with a strongly non-uniform porous structure.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: A sheet molding compound of fiberglass and ortho-phthalic polyester has been pyrolysed in a laboratory installation at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C for 30min this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: This article reported measurements of wax content by acetone precipitation techniques as well as wax appearance temperature (WAT) by viscosity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of eight different stock-tank crude oils from the Middle East.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a one-dimensional heat transfer method was used to determine the thermal conductivity for a range of coal ash and synthetic ash samples at elevated temperatures, and the effect of parameters such as temperature, porosity, and sintering time were investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, modes of occurrence and origin of Cl and Br in individual coal samples from 34 deposits worldwide (Bulgaria, Australia, the United States, Japan, Canada, South Africa, China, and Ukraine) were studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the loss of alkali metal elements from high-temperature molten biomass slag (wood and rice straw) can be related to the extent of polymerization of the melt.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, coal of various ranks were exposed to microwave radiation to quantify the effect on grindability and the overall effect of microwave radiation on the coal calorific value was minimal and compares equally to conventional drying techniques.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of structural changes, heat transfer properties of dry wood and pyrolysis mechanism on the pyrolysation of large wood particles were studied. But, only one of the four mechanisms was found to be in agreement with the measurements.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of mineral matter on the conversion of organic material in low temperature pyrolysis (300-500°C) of the vitrinite-rich Zonguldak bituminous coal and acid-washed coals were investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
Estrella Rogel1, O. Leon1, G. Torres1, J. Espidel1
01 Sep 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of four asphaltenes in different solvents were obtained by surface tension measurements as mentioned in this paper, and the CMC values ranged from 1 to 30 g/l and depended on the asphalte and the solvent used.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of a laboratory investigation into various factors affecting the stability of w/o emulsions in some crude oil samples obtained from well heads of different oil fields in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple method to predict vapour-pressure curves of gasoline-alcohol mixtures is demonstrated, where the vapour pressure of mixtures of gasoline with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t -butanol were measured at 37.8°C (100°F) as a function of mixture composition.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal decomposition behavior of polypropylene, oil shale and a 1:3 mixture of the two was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) reaction system in an argon atmosphere.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, a model has been developed to extrapolate the apparent reaction rate of coal chars with CO2 at moderate temperatures and high pressures to high-temperature conditions, assuming that reaction is in regime I, and the effects of pressure, char type and temperature on intrinsic reactivity were obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2000-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the transfer of pure pyrite in coal during pyrolysis and hydropy-lysis is investigated in a fixed-bed reactor, and the results suggest that the indigenous hydrocarbon with hydrogen donor ability in coal can promote the reduction of pyritic acid in pyrotechnics.