Showing papers in "Fuel in 2009"

TL;DR: In this article, a two-step and single-step transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel from high free fatty acid (FFA) non-edible oils and edible vegetable oils, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, a single-cylinder diesel engine with a single cylinder engine and a single biodiesel engine used in generating sets and the agricultural applications in India was tested for their use as substitute fuels of diesel engines.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled with biodiesels such as waste (frying) palm oil methyl ester (WPOME) and canola oils methyl esters (COME) were analyzed.

TL;DR: In this article, non-edible jatropha (Jatropha curcas), karanja (Pongamia pinnata) and polanga (Calophyllum inophyllus) oil based methyl esters were produced and blended with conventional diesel having sulphur content less than 10 mg/kg.

TL;DR: In this article, various methods of preparation of biodiesel from non-edible filtered Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) and Polanga (Calophyllum inophyllus) oil have been described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the content of COOH group in coal was calculated from the FT-IR analysis with the aid of the molar absorption coefficient, which had been derived using various aromatic carboxylic acids.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of biomass particle size on the yield and composition of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of Australian oil mallee woody biomass in a fluidised-bed reactor at 500°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of torrefaction on the behavior of wood during gasification by steam at high temperature to produce syngas was quantified using a thermo-dynamical equilibrium approach.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of VOME on the engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics were investigated in an unmodified direct injection (DI) diesel engine and the experimental results showed that using VOME in a diesel engine yielded a higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) due to the VOME fuel's lower calorific value.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the dependence of the conversion of Jatropha oil on the reaction variables such as the catalyst loading, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature, agitation speed and reaction time.

TL;DR: In this paper, a Euro 2 diesel passenger car with a soybean-oil derived biodiesel (B100) and its 50 vol.% blend with petroleum diesel (B50) was used on a chassis dynamometer.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main components of OLP were identified as C17 and C18 n-alkanes and i-alkane and analyzed using several gas-chromatographic methods.

TL;DR: In this article, methyl esters were produced from five edible vegetable oils (sunflower, soybean, canola, corn and cottonseed) and blended with two different diesel fuels at 2, 5, 10, 20, 50% and 75% on a volume basis to characterize the key fuel properties of the blends.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of heating rate on different biomass species was investigated under different heating rates. And the activation energy of the second stage reaction for the species with similar constituent fractions tends to converge to a similar value under the high heating rate.

TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of ammonia and air at the ratio 1:3 (flow ratio 250ml/min:750 ml/min) at 350°C, at each stage of production was found to lead to a significant nitrogen enrichment and to have beneficial effect on the porous structure of the carbon during activation, allowing samples of the surface area of 2600-2800 m 2 /g and pore volume 1.29-1.60 cm 3 /g to be obtained with the yield of about 50%.

TL;DR: In this article, a link between the composition of a biomass and its pyrolysis gas yields and composition was established, and an attempt was made to predict gas yields of any biomass according to its composition.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of pelletisation pressure and temperature on the quality of switchgrass pellets were evaluated in terms of density, mechanical strength and durability, and the results have provided an indication to how the pellets would perform compared to other fuels.

TL;DR: In this paper, a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyser (TA Q600) operated at ambient pressure was used for both the pyrolysis and combustion experiments.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the methanolysis of sunflower oil in the presence of CaO previously calcined at various temperatures and the optimal temperature for CaO calcination was determined.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of CuO/ZrO2 and petroleum coke was reacted with oxygen using chemical-looping with oxy-24======gen uncoupling (CLOU).

TL;DR: In this article, the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using Neat poon oil and its blends of 20, 40, and 60%, and standard diesel fuel separately were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have highlighted the advantages of the catalytic gasification of coal char over the conventional coal gasification with respect to the reaction selectivity, and proposed an oxygen transfer and intermediate hybrid mechanism for understanding the experimental data regarding both the kinetic behaviors and reaction selectivities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the surface properties of activated carbon fibers were significantly influenced by the activation temperature and the impregnation ratio of the activated carbons fibers, and an increase of either of these parameters produced a high development of the porous structure of the fibers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an alkaline/surfactant-enhanced oil recovery process for heavy oil reservoirs with oil viscosities ranging from 1000 to 10,000 mPa, through the mechanism of interfacial instability.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared two different approaches (the equilibrium-based approach versus the ratebased approach) in modelling the absorber dynamically and to understand the dynamic behaviour of the absorbers during part load operation and with disturbances from the stripper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the conversion of canola oil into fatty acid methyl esters was monitored by 1 H NMR and statistical analysis showed that the conversion with the use of ZnCl 2 differs only with reaction time but not with molar ratio.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the methane combustion results obtained in a continuous CLC prototype using an oxygen carrier containing 18 wt % NiO impregnated on alumina.

TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic acids were synthesized at room temperature and characterized by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen absorption (BET/BJH), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of biodiesel concentration on such blends when mixed to diesel in 5, 15, 25, and 50 volume percentages was evaluated and it was observed that the biodiesel enrichment leads to an acceptable increase in the viscosity and to a decrease in the volatilization of the binary blends.

TL;DR: In this article, a 10-kW chemical-looping combustor operating with natural gas as fuel was used to study changes in particles, with respect to reactivity and physical characteristics.