Showing papers in "Fuel in 2011"

TL;DR: In this paper, ground fly ash (GFA), with a median particle size of 10.5μm, was used as source material for making geopolymers cured at room temperature, and compressive strength tests and microstructure observations using SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR were performed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of n -butanol/diesel fuel blends (as an oxygenation additive for the diesel fuel) on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a small diesel engine was evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, two new empirical correlations based on proximate and ultimate analyses of biomass used for prediction of higher heating value (HHV) are presented in this paper, and validated via incorporation of additional biomass data.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression-ignition engine using a dual-fuel approach with ammonia and diesel fuel, and the results indicated that exhaust ammonia emissions ranged from 1000 to 3000 PmV and further aftertreatment will be required due to health concerns.

TL;DR: In this article, Euro V diesel fuel, biodiesel, and ethanol-biodiesel blends (BE) were tested in a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the engine under five engine loads at the maximum torque engine speed of 1800rpm.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive list of heterogeneous catalysts which have been reported recently is presented, including oxides of magnesium and calcium, hydrotalcite/layered double hydroxide; alumina; and zeolites.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using blends of diesel fuel with either ethanol in proportions of 5% and 10% or n -butanol in 8% and 16% (by vol.), on the combustion behavior of a fully-instrumented, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled, heavy duty, direct injection (DI), ‘Mercedes-Benz’ engine installed at the laboratory.

TL;DR: In this article, the fuel, chemical and dielectric properties of empty fruit bunch (EFB) were analyzed for pyrolysis using microwaves as an alternative heating source.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of inorganic species in biomass, especially the alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species (K, Na, Mg and Ca), on the yield and properties of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of biomass was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of using different blending-ratios of bio-ethanol/gasoline with respect to spark timing and injection strategies on a direct injection spark ignition engine at a part load and speed condition.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of orifice geometry on inner nozzle flow, spray, and combustion processes are examined by coupling the injector flow and spray simulations, showing that conicity and hydrogrinding reduce cavitation and turbulence inside the nozzle orifice, which slows down primary breakup, increasing spray penetration, and reducing dispersion.

TL;DR: An overview of the work done so far on the compatibility of biodiesel with automotive materials can be found in this article, where the authors present an overview of automotive materials compatibility with biodiesel.

TL;DR: In this article, the larvae of a high fat containing insect, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (BSFL), was evaluated for biodiesel production, where the larvae were grown on organic wastes for 10 days and used for crude fat extraction by petroleum ether.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of butanol as an additive in iso-octane used as gasoline fuel was characterized with respect to laminar combustion, and compared with ethanol.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of torrefaction on the basic characteristics of agricultural biomass wastes in Malaysia, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fiber and kernel shell as a potential source of solid fuel.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the key factors affecting the pelletizing pressure in biomass pelletization processes and study the impact of raw material type, pellet length, temperature, moisture content and particle size.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of CO2 injection on coal permeability in brown coal seams has been investigated using both natural coal and reconstituted coal specimens, and an empirical correlation has been developed to represent the effect on coal PE.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of antioxidant additives on NOx emissions in a jatropha methyl ester fuelled direct injection diesel engine have been investigated experimentally and compared with conventional diesel fuel.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated three types of catalysts: char, char-supported catalysts and ilmenite for the steam reforming of biomass tar derived from the pyrolysis of mallee wood in situ.

TL;DR: In this paper, the adiabatic laminar burning velocities of n-heptane, iso-octane, ethanol and their binary and tertiary mixtures are reported.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of linear and non-linear calibration techniques, namely, multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLS), polynomial and Spline-PLS versions, and artificial neural networks (ANN) for prediction of biodiesel properties from near infrared spectra.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the development of FAEE synthesis by catalytic and non-catalytic processes, their advantages and disadvantages, the influence of some operating and reaction conditions on the process rate and ethyl esters yield, the kinetics models describing the ethanolysis process rate, the process optimization and the possibilities for improving theFAEE synthesis process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the pyrolysis characteristics of the four main carbohydrates (alginic acid, mannitol, laminarin and fucoidan) of brown macro-algae were investigated using py-GC/MS over a wide temperature range (200-800 ǫ).

TL;DR: In this paper, a fuel system for ammonia-fired internal combustion engines using metal ammine complexes as ammonia storage is analyzed, and it is shown that a fuel mixture with 10 vol.% hydrogen performs best with respect to efficiency and power.

TL;DR: In this article, experimental data on the production of fatty acid methyl esters from vegetable oils, soybean and cottonseed oils using sodium hydroxide as alkaline catalyst was reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal behavior of selected biomass fuels and mixtures such as wood, demolition wood, coffee waste and glossy paper was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a macro-thermobalance (macro-TGA).

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of blends containing croton mogalocarpus oil (CRO)-Butanol (BU) alcohol-diesel (D2) on engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this article, the physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel and ethanol-diesel fuel blends were measured according to requirements and test methods for diesel fuel (EN590, 2003), and the attention was focused on the properties which influence the injection and engine characteristics significantly.

TL;DR: In this article, a single-cylinder engine with low compression ratio (CR) was tested with gasoline and methanol at full load and various speeds, and the results showed that some decreases were obtained in CO, CO2 and NOx emissions without any noticeable power loss.

TL;DR: Ilmenite, a natural iron-containing mineral, has been investigated as an inexpensive catalyst for the steam reforming of volatiles (tar) from the pyrolysis of mallee woody biomass.