Showing papers in "Fuel in 2014"

TL;DR: In this paper, a review aims to examine the state-of-the-art of food waste fermentation technologies for renewable energy generation, which can be used as a useful resource for production of biofuel through various fermentation processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of fractal dimension on adsorption capacity has been discussed based on the physical description of the fractal surfaces, and the authors showed that fractal geometries with fractal dimensions ranging from 2.68 to 2.83 were obtained from the nitrogen adsorptions data using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill method.

TL;DR: In this article, the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel produced from soybean oil and its blends (B10, B20, B50) were compared.

TL;DR: In this paper, new chemical compositions of model asphalts were proposed to enable molecular simulations that can further an understanding of asphalt physical, rheological, and mechanical properties, and the results provided an improved tool for relating asphalt chemical compositions to Rheological and Mechanical properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of multiple factors on propagating rules of fractures of horizontal well in shale with hydraulic fracturing were studied, and the fracture morphology of post-fracturing rock cores was observed for the first time by high-energy CT scanning using the large-scale non-destructive testing system based on linear accelerator.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the methane diffusion behavior of shale based on pore structure, as well as the effects of sample particle size and water on gas adsorption and diffusion.

TL;DR: In this paper, an extended overview of the phase-mineral transformations of organic and inorganic matter during biomass combustion was conducted in Part I of the present work and the ash fusion and ash formation mechanisms of biomass types and sub-types during combustion are described in the present Part II.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed experimental results from the open literature for the design and techno-economic evaluation of four process flowsheets for the production of microbial oil or biodiesel.

TL;DR: In this article, an anhydrous pyrolysis experiment was used to investigate the porosity evolution of artificial shale samples with low-pressure nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption techniques.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of TOC content, thermal maturity, clay minerals, moisture content, pore properties, particle size, temperature, and pressure on methane sorption capacity were analyzed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the alumina recovery history and technologies for coal fly ash from coal combustion in thermal power plants is presented, and the current status of fly ash recycling and directions for future research are considered.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of pore-size distribution in a burial sequence from the Baltic Basin, along with a selection of samples from other unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs of various age and origin is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of hydrothermal carbonization were evaluated by varying the reaction temperatures in the range of 180-250°C, and the results suggest that the Hydrothermal Carbonization process is advantageous technology in improving the properties of sewage sludge as an alternative solid fuel product as clean energy by converting the physical and chemical structure of the sludge in addition to also providing other benefits to treat organic and biomass waste.

TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical changes with pyrolysis temperature (400-550°C) were analyzed for their physicochemical properties with respect to different types of Canadian waste biomass, including poultry litter, wheat straw, flax straw and sawdust.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of temperature on product yields and products composition (gas, bio-oil and char) as well as the effect over the char properties was studied in a continuous pyrolysis bench-scale plant equipped with a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) with continuous removal of the char.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of alcohol use on the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a low power single-cylinder engine described the rated power output of the engine e.g. 2 kW were investigated and the results were compared with conventional gasoline operation.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation is carried out to establish the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes as fuel-borne nanoparticles additives in Diesterol (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of butanol-biodiesel blends on the emissions and performance characteristics of a four-stroke, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, indirect injection diesel engine (IDI) was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the RON and motor octane numbers of ethanol blended with production gasoline, four gasoline surrogates, n-heptane, isooctane, and toluene were reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of chromium-free and noble-metal free Cu-Fe catalysts were successfully synthesized utilizing the inexpensive metal nitrates, which exhibited highly efficient performance in the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural and levulinic acid, where biofuels (2-methylfuran and γ-valerolactone) were obtained at 51% and 90% yield under mild conditions, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the adiabatic laminar burning velocities of a commercial gasoline and of a model fuel (n-heptane, iso-octane, toluene mixture) of close research octane number have been measured at 358 K.

TL;DR: In this paper, the burning characteristics, engine performance and emission parameters of a single-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine using nanofuels which were formulated by sonicating nanoparticles of aluminum (A 1 ), iron (F 1 ) and boron (B 1 ) in base diesel were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, two different asphalt binders from the Materials Reference Library of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) were aged, and rejuvenated by complete blending with two commonly used rejuvenators.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of Karanja biodiesel (Karanja oil methyl ester; KOME) and its blends on engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine of a medium size utility vehicle with varying engine speed and load has been investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a molecular concept with experimental and literature support for sorption of CH 4, CO 2 and H 2 O on organic material over a broad range of thermal maturity (0.5 − 3.3% vitrinite reflectance).

TL;DR: In this article, the origin of phenolic oligomers during fast pyrolysis was investigated, and it was shown that a significant fraction of the phenolic compounds present in bio-oil arise from reoligomerization of small phenolic molecules formed during the pyroxyltic depolymerization of lignin.

TL;DR: The saponification and acid values of the lipid obtained from Scenedesmus sp.

TL;DR: In this paper, two capping agents were evaluated in the oxidation of organosolv olive tree pruning lignin in order to establish its influence on phenolic oil yield and composition.

TL;DR: In this article, the higher heating value (HHV) of 100 different biomass samples was experimentally determined and a correlation between data was developed to quantify the detected dependence of HHV on mainly carbon and oxygen content.

TL;DR: The use of solvents for the extraction of lipids from algal biomass has been a method of choice for many years as mentioned in this paper, and the soxhlet extraction method was chosen because of its simplicity in operation, relative safety and potential for upscaling to industrial plant level.