Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 2003"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of research related to mercury control technology for coal-fired power plants and identify areas requiring additional research and development, including the chemistry of mercury transformation and control; progress in the development of promising control technologies: sorbent injection, control in wet scrubbers, and coal cleaning; and projects costs for mercury control.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of methanolysis of different oils at 25 °C with 0.5 − 1.5% potassium hydroxide or sodium hyroxide on ester yield and quality.

TL;DR: In this article, the formation of coal fly ash is described as a tri-modal particle size distribution that includes a submicron fume region, a fine fragmentation region centered at approximately 2.0 μm diameter, and a bulk fragmentation region.

TL;DR: In this paper, fly ash samples, generated from both pilot-scale and full-scale combustion systems, were exposed to simulated flue gas containing either elemental mercury or HgCl2 in a bench-scale reactor system at the Energy and Environmental Research Center to evaluate the interactions and determine the effects of temperature, mercury species, and ash type on adsorption of mercury and oxidation of elemental mercury.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described recent developments in pre-reforming and autothermal reforming, including results of pilot plant demonstrations at low steam-to-carbon ratios at low temperature.

TL;DR: A general overview of petroleum biorefining or petroleum refining using biotechnology can be found in this paper, where an explanation is offered as to why modern biotechnology, due to important advances that have occurred in genetic engineering, the study of extremophilic microorganisms, protein engineering and biocatalysis in nonaqueous media, can be a good alternative to develop new biocATalysts to be used in the refining of petroleum.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the performance of methanol conversion in the presence of carbon dioxide under the conditions of dielectric-barrier discharge plasmas, where the grounded electrode is covered by the dielectrics material (quartz).

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of data obtained by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy on the speciation of mercury captured on a variety of sorbent materials from simulated combustion flue gases at low temperatures (<200 °C).

TL;DR: In this article, a fixed bed micro-reactor operated at atmospheric pressure, reaction temperature of 723 K and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 2.5 h−1 over the synthesized mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 materials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic properties of the metal ions in these materials were determined by magnetic measurements (temperature and magnetic field variations of magnetization), and they were incorporated into the SAPO framework with concentrations ≃ 0.12 and 0.17 wt% respectively.

TL;DR: The facility for analysis of chemical thermodynamics (F*A*C*T) method based on the Gibbs energy minimization principle was used for the environmental assessment of coal combustion in O2+CO2 mixture compared with that in air.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the support on the catalyst surface was investigated by the sequence of CH 4/O 2 and CH 4 /CO 2 pulses, and the results were explained by the higher reducibility and oxygen storage/release capacity of Pt/Ce-ZrO 2 catalysts, which allowed a continuous removal of carbonaceous deposits from the active sites.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used fractal analysis to characterize the texture of porous solids and found that fractal profiles are very sensitive to the oxidation treatment of coals and the average fractal dimension can be used as a valid parameter to monitor the textural evolution of the coals as the treatment progresses.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of carbon-based sorbents to be used in gas-phase mercury removal was compared with that of sulfur-impregnated activated carbons (AC) with increased oxygen functional groups.

TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation and pretreatment of Pd/ZnO catalysts for methanol steam reforming were studied for PdZn alloy formation, which depends not only on the reduction temperature but also on reaction conditions under which hydrogen is formed.

TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed gasifier was used to investigate the characteristics of tire powder gasification, and the results showed that the operational parameters [i.e., equivalence ratio (ER) and tire feed rate] and tire particle size have significant effects on various gasification results.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of developments in the area of pulsed power development for large-scale plasma processing and present lab-scale and pilot-scale results for tar removal on an actual gasifier.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of examination of ion exchange capacity of solid and gel forms of humic acids of brown coals in respect to 17 metal ions were presented, including Pb, Ag, Hg, Cu, Ba and Cd.

TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption mechanism of cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, onto powdered active carbon (PAC) from aqueous solution was investigated and also some thermodynamic quantities such as isosteric adsorship enthalpy and entropy for this system were determined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the interfacial tension between bitumen and aqueous phases was measured at process temperature (80 and 50 °C) and electrophoretic mobilities of the dispersed oil and fine mineral phases were also measured for each processibility determination.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of coal blending on Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) were carried out on Collie coal of Western Australia and the experimental results suggest that no relationship exists between the coarse fraction moisture and HGI.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of particle size, impeller speed and pulp density on flotation and entrainment of coal and associated gangue, consisting mostly of kaolinite and illite, was discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of base strength and basicity on the synthesis of DMC from propylene carbonate (PC) and methanol (MeOH) was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of adding sulfated zirconia (SO4/ZrO2) or certain zeolites (Mordenite) to Fischer-Tropsch products was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of stirring rate, feeding rate of reactants, pH, calcination temperature on the properties of Mg-Al mixed oxides were investigated by using XRD, TG-DTA and BET techniques.

TL;DR: In this article, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under SCF hexane conditions is examined in a continuous, high-pressure reactor by employing a traditional Co catalyst (15% Co−0.5% Pt/Al 2 O 3 ).

TL;DR: In this paper, a new upgrading method for low-rank coals by a combined process of vacuum drying and tar coating has been developed, and some advantages have been observed, such as improved dewatering rate in the vacuum drying stage at 200 °C reached up to 93.81%, and degree of devolatilization significantly increased with elevation of upgrading temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used reverse osmosis (RO) for water recovery and evaluated ion and chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection by the membrane as a function of feed concentration.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a revision on the reported data on atmospheric PAH in the Mediterranean basin and was shown at the Workshop of the United Nations Environmental Protection (UNEP) meeting held in Athens, February 2002.

TL;DR: In this paper, thermogravimetry with Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) was used to measure the organic oxygen content in a suite of coals of differing rank and compare these with the values determined by difference according to ASTM D3176-89.