Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 2006"

TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of these technologies for hydrogen production from biomass is presented. And the future development will also be addressed, as well as future development of the future technologies.

TL;DR: In this article, the characteristics and performance of three commonly used catalysts used for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification i.e. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxides and sodium methoxide, were evaluated using edible Canola oil and used frying oil.

TL;DR: In this article, activated carbons have been prepared from woody biomass birch by using various activation procedures: treatment with phosphoric acid and pyrolysis at 600 degrees C in inert atmosphere.

TL;DR: In this article, the co-pyrolytic behavior of plastic/biomass mixtures was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser under a heating rate of 20°C/min from room temperature to 650°C, where the difference of weight loss (Δ W ) between experimental and theoretical ones, calculated as algebraic sums of those from each separated component, is about 6-12% at 530-650°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, a tar-free biomass gasification process by air was proposed, in which the primary air stream and the biomass feedstock were introduced into the gasifier from the bottom and the top of the gasifiers respectively to prevent the biomass pyrolysis product from burning out.

TL;DR: In this paper, the treatment of plastic waste by gasification in fluidized bed with air using dolomite as tar cracking catalyst has been studied, and a gas with a medium hydrogen content (up to 15% dry basis) and low tar content (less than 0.5 g/mn3) is obtained.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of temperature, residence time and catalyst adding on the yields and distribution of hydrogen rich gas products were investigated, and the effect of adding Ni showed the greatest catalytic effect with the maximum H 2 yield achieved at 29.78% of the raw biomass sample basis.

TL;DR: In this paper, both biomasses are thermally degraded through thermogravimetry and their characteristics such as devolatilisation profiles and kinetics are analyzed, from 250 to 900 °C, in an inert atmosphere, at two different heating rates, and compared with wood pellets.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of methods for the removal of metals from heavy oils and residuum fractions is presented, including physical, chemical and catalytic treatment processes, and the results show that metal chelates not only contaminate the products, but also cause poisoning and fouling of catalyst and corrode equipments.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermochemical recycling of rubber from old tyres by pyrolysis and the value of the products obtained have been studied, using a combination of analytical techniques (TLC-FID, GC-MS and simulated distillation).

TL;DR: In this article, a two-step process capable of removing NOx and SO2 simultaneously was proposed, which was made up of an ozonizing chamber and an absorber containing a reducing agent solution.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new methodology for the evaluation of the environmental and economic feasibility of combustion of different biomass fuels in small boilers based on grey relational analysis of different energetic and emission variables and also residue prices.

TL;DR: In this paper, a free-fall pyrolysis of four kinds of biomass (legume straw, tobacco stalk, pine sawdust and apricot stone) was conducted in a free fall reactor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the catalytic activities of calcined olivine and dolomite are higher than the natural ones, which may be the reason for the difference in the activity.

TL;DR: In this article, the high temperature air/steam gasification (HTAG) technique has been tested for a fuel in pellet form made from waste material of woody and plastic origin.

TL;DR: In this article, the experimental results from the reactions between a low-rank coal containing sodium either in the form of ion-exchanged carboxylate or physical impregnation with NaCl, with kaolin during pyrolysis in nitrogen and gasification with steam or carbon dioxide in conditions corresponding to atmospheric FBG are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, an ultrasonically vibrating machine that provides ultrasonic waves of a 40-kHz frequency was employed to prepare two and three-phase emulsions in diesel engines.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the combustion process in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor, where Brown coal was used as the fuel.

TL;DR: In this article, Bulgarian subbituminous and bituminous coals were gradually heated under air from 100°C to their fluid ash-fusion temperatures (1400-1600°C) via 100-°C intervals and the behaviour of their inorganic matter (IM) was studied.

TL;DR: In this paper, an air/steam-based gasification of biomass using high-temperature agents (air/steam) has been proven to have many features superior to those of conventional gasification using low-totemperature agents.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model describing the thermal degradation of densified biomass particles is presented using a novel discretisation scheme and combines intra-particle combustion processes with extraparticle transport processes, thereby including thermal and diffusional control mechanisms.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced and discussed the latest research on the use of H2 generated via the NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the combustion behavior of two Indian coals of same rank with wide variation in mineral matter content using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Drop Tube Furnace (DTF).

TL;DR: A comprehensive characterisation of fly ash from Bokaro Thermal Power Plant, Jharkhand, India has been carried out for creating utilisation potential of the ash as mentioned in this paper, which reveals that there is a striking difference in the features and properties of the coarser and finer particles.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential of coir-pith and wood chips as the feedstock for a gasifier was analyzed, and the performance and emission characteristics of the dual fuel engine were compared with that of a diesel engine at different load conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, structural features of a South Moravian lignite and its humic acid (HA) fraction were studied by means of UV-vis, 1 H and solid-state 13 C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy in addition to basic elemental analyses.

TL;DR: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models have been developed to determine the Research Octane Number (RON) of gasoline blends produced in a Greek refinery as discussed by the authors, using the volumetric content of seven most commonly used fractions in the gasoline production and their respective RON numbers.

TL;DR: In this article, Mequinenza et al. investigated the changes taking place on the surface of the pyrite-free coal oxidised with nitric acid and found that exposure to Nitric acid leads to an increase in the content of oxidised organic sulphur species (sulphones and sulphoxides) on coal surface.

TL;DR: In this paper, a CFD model for the description of operation of electrostatic precipitators has been developed based on a theoretical analysis focused on the gas flow by time-averaged conservation equations of mass and momentum.

TL;DR: In this article, a characterization and thermogravimetric study has been carried out on tomato residue and a kinetic model has been developed based on the degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and oil that describes the pyrolysis of peel, seeds and peel and seeds residues.