Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 2009"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the major issues concerned with biomass combustion with special reference to the small scale fluidized bed systems (small to pilot scale). Problems have been identified, mechanisms explained and solutions have been indicated.

TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity of several solid base and acid catalysts, particularly metal oxides and supported metal oxide, was reviewed for transesterification and esterification reactions simultaneously and converted oils with high amount of Free Fatty Acids.

TL;DR: In this paper, various technological methods to produce biodiesel being used in industries and academia are reviewed, and the most common types of catalysts; homogeneous liquids and heterogeneous solids, are discussed at length in the paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential benefits and technical advantages of using ammonia as a sustainable fuel for power generation on vehicles are analyzed based on some performance indicators including the system effectiveness, the driving range, fuel tank compactness and the cost of driving.

TL;DR: The reactivity of four pulverised Australian coals were measured under simulated air and oxy-fuel (O 2 /N 2 ) and O 2 /CO 2 ) environments using a drop tube furnace (DTF) maintained at 1673 K and a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) run under non-isothermal (heating) conditions at temperatures up to 1473 K.

TL;DR: In this article, a techno-economic analysis of a process that produces biodiesel from vegetable oils is presented with the aim to investigate the dependence of the critical profitability indicators on the production capacity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the basic principles of steam gasification combined with the absorption enhanced reforming process (AER process) have been outlined and investigated in a dual fluidized bed system.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effects of reaction variables such as methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1-15:1), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.50%), temperature (25-65°C), and stirring intensity (180-600

TL;DR: In this paper, a KDL5 molecular distillation system was used to separate bio-oil, which came from a bench-scale fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis reactor at a feeding rate of 1 kg/h.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pilot scale pyrolysis process has been investigated, where waste plastics were decomposed in a tube reactor at 520°C, using hourly feed rate of 9.0 kg.

TL;DR: In this article, combustion mechanisms, thermal kinetics, and phases of combustion were investigated for waste wood samples (untreated pine and treated MDF, plywood and particleboard).

TL;DR: In this article, a carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized vegetable oil asphalt and used to catalyze the transesterification of methanol with cottonseed oil.

TL;DR: In this article, the discarded parts of mixed marine fish species were used as the raw material to produce biodiesel, and the refined marine fish oil was then transesterified with methyl alcohol to generate biodiesel which was used thereafter as engine fuel to investigate its engine performance and emission characteristics.

TL;DR: Nabi et al. as discussed by the authors presented production of biodiesel (BD) from non-edible renewable karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) oil, determination of BD properties and influence of BD on engine performance and emissions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of oxygen concentration in the gasification agent was studied by enriched-air-steam biomass gasification tests in a bubbling fluidised-bed gasification (FBG) plant.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the main operation variables (temperature, pressure and gasifying agent composition) on gas production and other process parameters, such as carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and high heating value, during the steam-oxygen gasification of a bituminous coal were studied.

TL;DR: In this article, the soapstock of a mixture of marine fish was used as the raw material to produce the biodiesel in this study, and the experimental results showed that oleic acid and palmitic acid were the two major components of the marine fish-oil biodiesel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of nano-sized aerogel Ni/Al2O3 catalysts was investigated in a CH4-CO2 reforming in a fluidized bed reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of four different methods for biomass (wood) thermal pretreatment and grinding for feeding of the biomass-fuel to a pressurized entrained flow gasifier are compared.

TL;DR: In this article, a new type of sewage sludge incinerator that combines a pressurized fluidized bed combustor and a turbocharger driven by flue gas was proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol, in the presence of alkaline catalysts, either homogeneous (NaOH) or heterogeneous (Mg MCM-41, Mg-Al Hydrotalcite, and K+ impregnated zirconia), using low frequency ultrasonication (24 kHz) and mechanical stirring (600 rpm) for the production of biodiesel fuel was studied.

TL;DR: In this paper, the process of biodiesel production in a pilot plant has been studied using beef tallow as raw materials with methanol and potassium hydroxide as catalyst.

TL;DR: In this paper, the transesterification reaction of soybean frying oil with methanol, in the presence of different heterogeneous catalysts (Mg MCM-41, Mg-Al Hydrotalcite, and K + impregnated zirconia), using low frequency ultrasonication (24kHz) and mechanical stirring (600rpm) for the production of biodiesel fuel was studied.

TL;DR: In this article, a response surface methodology based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the three important reaction variables (methanol/oil molar ratio, reaction time, and amount of catalyst) for production of biodiesel from palm oil using KF/ZnO catalyst.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results obtained from the pyrolysis process of the mixed plastics as an alternative approach to feedstock recycling have shown usefulness and feasibility of the polystyrene (PS) process.

TL;DR: In this article, a ceramic membrane separation process for biodiesel refining was developed to reduce the considerable usage of water needed in the conventional water washing process, which was a potential environmental process for the refining of biodiesel.

TL;DR: In this article, a two-step method was proposed to obtain high selectivity and high conversion rate for producing additive triacetylglycerol of biofuel from its byproduct glycerol.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine using poon oil-based fuels were investigated and compared with standard diesel on a volume-based basis.

TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper used NiO/mayenite as support for biomass tar steam reforming in the absence and presence of H 2 S by their group because of its high oxygen restoring property in the structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated and optimized the production of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, which was carried out with application of low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature in a batch reactor.