Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 2013"

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the fundamental understanding of water in brown coal and lignite, including the physical and chemical structure of coal, the forms of water present in low-rank coals, migration of water during drying, coal structure changes during moisture loss, moisture re-adsorption, and effects of water removal on subsequent applications including combustion, gasification and liquefaction are also summarized.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a TGA coupled with a mass spectrometer to study pyrolysis of 34 Chinese coals and found that the mass loss registered in TGA during temperature programmed heating is attributed mainly to devolatilization of fragments generated from cleavage of covalent bonds.

TL;DR: In this article, the co-pyrolysis of Indonesian coal and two types of biomass, rice straw and Leucaena leucocepha wood, was studied using a drop tube fixed-bed reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of water washing on fuel properties, pyrolysis and combustion characteristics, and ash fusibility of biomass fuels are studied via fuel analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and ash fusion temperature measurements.

TL;DR: In this article, a complex absorbent containing urea and KMnO4 was used to investigate simultaneous removal of SO2, N O and Hg 0 from flue gas.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of supported CaO catalysts with NaY, KL and NaZSM-5 zeolites as supports were prepared by microwave irradiation and used to catalyze the transesterification of methanol with soybean oil.

TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art of the thermodynamic models and databases for ashes of biomass and waste combustion, future developments and the coupling of thermodynamic modeling with modeling of physical properties of molten ash is presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, a TFIR was applied to investigate the kinetics of lignin carbonization and three mass loss stages (drying, pyrolysis and carbonization) were observed below 900°C and another stage (structural rearrangement) with a slight mass loss was noticed between 900 and 1200°C.

TL;DR: In this article, an original pyrolysis pilot plant provided with a conical spouted bed reactor has been designed and built for treating 25 kg/h of biomass, which is based on the previous knowledge acquired in both hydrodynamics and pyrotechnics studies carried out at laboratory scale, as well as on the research conducted on 1:1 scale reactor made of methacrylate and operating at ambient conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of water concentration in a biodiesel nanoemulsion fuel on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a 4-cylinder diesel engine were investigated and compared with B5, B20 and certified #2 diesel fuels.

TL;DR: In this paper, the tetrabutylammonium salt of phosphotungstic acid, TBA3PW12O40, has been encapsulated in the chromium terephthalate metal-organic framework MIL-101.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of hydrogen as an additional fuel used in a compression ignition engine performance and exhaust emissions parameters different engine speeds were investigated at full load, and an increase in engine torque, power, thermal efficiency, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and exhaust gasses temperatures were acquired at every hydrogen addition ratio while a decrease in hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O 2 ) emissions were attained.

TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of wood pellets and straw pellets was fired in a circulating fluidized bed boiler and two strategies were applied to decrease the risk of superheater corrosion by reducing gaseous KCl and content of chlorine in deposits: sulphation of KCl by injection of ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the combustion behavior of agricultural residues known as miscanthus, poplar wood, and rice husk using thermal analysis techniques and found that the reactivity of biomass fuels is due to the combustion of light compounds; however, the energy release from biomass fuels was mainly due to combustion of fixed carbon.

TL;DR: A review of the literature devoted to the wide variety of sorbent systems that are currently either in use or under laboratory investigation for the removal of the SOx (SO2+SO3) from flue gases is provided in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated two different biomass-to-liquid (BtL) concepts for the production of gasoline via dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis as well as gasoline and diesel via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis.

TL;DR: In this article, a new conversion process consisting of two reaction steps was investigated for the production of methoxy phenols from lignin, which reached 6.6-8.6% and 92-94% respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the non-isothermal thermokinetics of co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and corn residue blended with coal and found that synergistic interactions in the blends resulted in higher than expected volatile yields.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the hydrogenation of carbon oxides (CO and CO 2 ) into methane (methanation) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with Ni/zeolite pellets.

TL;DR: In this article, an interesterification reaction of waste cooking oil with methyl acetate using potassium methoxide as a catalyst has been carried out using ultrasonic horn (frequency of irradiation of 22-kHz and rated power of 750-W).

TL;DR: In this article, the use of p-phenylenediamine derived aromatic amine antioxidants for NOx reduction in a soybean biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine was examined and shown that significant reduction of NOx could be achieved by the addition of antioxidants but smoke, CO and HC emissions were found to have increased.

TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolysis of Jatropha seedshell cake (JSC), palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty palm fruit bunches (EFB), as waste from the palm and jatropha oil industries, was investigated in a fluidized bed (0.102 m id., 0.97 m-high).

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of operating parameters (i.e., reaction time, operating temperature, and pressure) and catalyst (e.g., Pd/C and NiMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 ) were examined in order to determine suitable operating condition for each feedstock.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of nickel content on NiO-MgO-ZrO 2 catalysts was investigated and the results showed that high nickel content favored the formation of large Ni° particles during the reforming reaction, thus lowering the catalytic performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that mixing and pelletizing sewage sludge ash (SSA) or municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash with CaCl 2 and treating these pellets in a rotary reactor at approximately 1000°C lead to a significant decrease of the heavy metal concentration.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of temperature and space-time on catalytic deactivation in a steam reforming of a bio-oil aqueous fraction was investigated in a two-step system, provided with a thermal step at 200°C for the pyrolytic lignin retention and an on-line step of catalytic reforming in a fluidized bed reactor.

TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in the denitrogenation process of middle distillates using adsorbent materials is discussed in this paper, including results obtained with different types of N-compounds, adsorptive systems and adsorbents commercially available.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 150 kW pulverised fuel-fired burner was used for co-firing wheat straw and pine stem wood and softwood bark, with pilot-scale trials in a 150kW pulverized fuel-fire burner.

TL;DR: The steelmaking industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world and is responsible for 5-7 % of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions as discussed by the authors, therefore, it is therefore necessary to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases emissions in these industries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of different operation factors such as pyrolysis temperature, sweeping gas (N2) flow rates and ZnO catalyst on the yields of three products and the characteristics of bio-oil were investigated.