Showing papers in "Gastroenterology in 2011"

TL;DR: A technology that can be used to study infected, inflammatory, or neoplastic tissues from the human gastrointestinal tract is developed that might have applications in regenerative biology through ex vivo expansion of the intestinal epithelia.

TL;DR: Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and NASH is higher than estimated previously and Hispanics and patients with diabetes are at greatest risk for both NAFLD and NASh.

TL;DR: It has been proposed that only aggressive therapeutic approaches, based on treatment of early recurrent lesions in asymptomatic individuals, have a significant impact on progression of these chronic diseases.

TL;DR: Findings from recent studies that have characterized specific intracellular signaling pathways, transcriptional factors, aspects of innate immunity, chemokines, epigenetic features, microRNAs, and stem cells that are associated with ALD are reviewed, improving the understanding of its pathogenesis.

TL;DR: The intestinal microbiota influences brain chemistry and behavior independently of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal-specific neurotransmitters, or inflammation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients for primary adult liver transplant recipients from 2001 to 2009 and found that NASH is now the third most common indication for liver transplantation in the United States.

TL;DR: The genetic features that lead to sporadic CRC-chromosome instability, microsatellite instability, and DNA hypermethylation-also occur in colitis-associated CRC, offering compelling support for the role of inflammation in colon carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: This review will explore the cytokine landscape with the view of providing an understanding of how recent and future anticytokine therapies actually function.

TL;DR: Global and deep molecular analysis of fecal samples indicates that patients with IBS have a different composition of microbiota, and correlation analysis of the microbial groups indicated the involvement of several groups of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the pathogenesis of IBS.

TL;DR: The degree of mucosal healing after 8 weeks of infliximab was correlated with improved clinical outcomes including colectomy, and similar trends were observed for all outcomes except coLECTomy among the subgroup with clinical response at week 8.

TL;DR: Use of sitagliptin or exenatide increased the odds ratio for reported pancreatitis 6-fold as compared with other therapies, consistent with case reports and animal studies indicating an increased risk for pancreatitis with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapy.

TL;DR: Cholic acid regulates the composition of gut microbiota in rats, inducing similar changes to those induced by high-fat diets, and these findings improve the understanding of the relationship between metabolic diseases andThe composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota.

TL;DR: Using 16S metagenomics by PhyloChip DNA hybridization and deep 454 pyrosequencing, a novel Ruminococcus-like microbe was associated with IBS, indicating the potential utility of microbe discovery for gastrointestinal disorders.

TL;DR: Post hoc analyses of sample size indicated that a randomized study with > 1000 patients would be required to establish equivalence of survival times between patients treated with these two therapies.

TL;DR: Almost 62% of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis can be treated without an intervention and with low mortality, and in patients with infected necrosis, delayed intervention and catheter drainage as first treatment improves outcome.

TL;DR: A retrospective analysis of data from 17 centers from Europe and the United States that described the progression, outcomes, and factors associated with development of chronic HEV infection in recipients of transplanted solid organs found tacrolimus therapy is the main predictive factor for chronic hepatitis.

TL;DR: The transcriptional profile of the mucosa appears to interact with the colonic microbiota; this interaction appears to be lost in colon of patients with UC, which has different gene expression profiles and lower levels of biodiversity than their healthy twins.

TL;DR: In this paper, an intention-to-treat, multicenter study of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was conducted in the Australian Colonic Endoscopic (ACE) resection study group.

TL;DR: Host factors and gastrointestinal bacteria each respond to dietary choline deficiency, although the gut microbiota remains distinct in each individual, adding to the accumulating evidence that gastrointestinal microbes have a role in metabolic disorders.

TL;DR: The cell populations and mechanisms that mediate interactions between host defense and tolerance and how the dysregulation of host-microbe interactions leads to intestinal inflammation and IBD are reviewed.

TL;DR: AhR is down-regulated in intestinal tissue of patients with IBD; AhR signaling, via IL-22, inhibits inflammation and colitis in the gastrointestinal tract of mice.

TL;DR: Ooing and past exposure to thiopurines significantly increases the risk of NMSC in patients with IBD, even before the age of 50 years, and these patients should be protected against UV radiation and receive lifelong dermatologic screening.

TL;DR: Endoscopist characteristics derived from administrative data are associated with development of PCCRC and have potential use as quality indicators.

TL;DR: De novo lipogenesis has pathogenic and prognostic significance for HCC and inhibitors of lipogenic signaling, including those that inhibit the AKT pathway, might be useful as therapeutics for patients with liver cancer.

TL;DR: TDF was safe and effective in the long-term management of H beAg(+) and HBeAg(-) patients with chronic hepatitis B and maintained a favorable safety profile for up to 3 years.

TL;DR: There is a striking overlap of loci between diseases, which could provide comparative insight into mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and as many as 14 susceptibility loci are shared between IBD and celiac disease, indicating significant overlap in pathophysiology.

TL;DR: Class I and II HLA genotypes affect susceptibility to AC-DILI, indicating the importance of the adaptive immune response in pathogenesis.

TL;DR: To identify new therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel disease, it is important to identify host susceptibility factors involved in the control of microbial infection, characterize potential pathogens, and eliminate them or block the expression of their virulence factors.