Showing papers in "Gastroenterology in 2015"

TL;DR: In a longitudinal study of patients with NAFLD, fibrosis stage, but no other histologic features of steatohepatitis, were associated independently with long-term overall mortality, liver transplantation, and liver-related events.

TL;DR: A greater extent of weight loss, induced by lifestyle changes, is associated with the level of improvement in histologic features of NASH.

TL;DR: Patients with NASH are less likely to undergo liver transplantation (LT) andLess likely to survive for 90 days on the waitlist than patients with HCV, ALD, or HCV and ALD.

TL;DR: Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in a significantly greater percentage of patients with active UC than placebo, with no difference in adverse events.

TL;DR: Data from genomic profiling enabled a proposal of HCC in 2 major molecular clusters (proliferation and non Proliferation), with differential enrichment in prognostic signatures, pathway activation and tumor phenotype, which helps define some of the core deregulated pathways in HCC.

TL;DR: The learner will understand the approach to counseling patients regarding the optimal method and frequency of radiologic imaging, indications for invasive tests like endoscopic ultrasonography and surgery, select patients for follow-up after surgery, decide the duration of such follow- up, and decide when to stop surveillance.

TL;DR: In this phase 2 trial, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and endoscopic remission between patients with UC who received fecal transplants from healthy donors and those who received their own fecal microbiota, which may be due to limited numbers.

TL;DR: The most recent data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the National Cancer Institute to estimate the burden and cost of GI and liver disease in the United States.

TL;DR: This paper presents a poster presented at the 2016 American Academy of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Congress, presenting a poster entitled “Advances in GastroEnterology-Hepatology: Foundations of Drug Discovery and Administration, 2nd Ed.”

TL;DR: After dose optimization, continued concentration-based dosing of infliximab was not superior to clinically based dosing for achieving remission after 1 year, but was associated with fewer flares during the course of treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir, the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir, and ribavirin were used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with advanced liver disease.

TL;DR: Bariatric surgery induced the disappearance of NASH from nearly 85% of patients and reduced the pathologic features of the disease after 1 year of follow-up, suggesting it could be a therapeutic option for appropriate morbidly obese patients with NASH who do not respond to lifestyle modifications.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present characteristics and subgroup analyses from the first 1257 patients enrolled in the study, and conclude that there are no differences in outcomes of patients with short vs long latency of DILI.

TL;DR: Conditions required for long-term 3-dimensional culture of human gastric stem cells are described and the technology can be applied to study the epithelial response to infection with Helicobacter pylori.

TL;DR: Assessment of the colon cancer "epigenome" has revealed that virtually all CRCs have aberrantly methylated genes and altered miRNA expression, and progress in this field suggests that these epigenetic alterations will be commonly used in the near future to direct the prevention and treatment of CRC.

TL;DR: This short review summarizes recent findings and highlights emerging trends in the gut-liver axis relevant to ALD, finding that bacterial decontamination improves ALD both in human and animal models.

TL;DR: A diet low in FODMAPs reduces IBS symptoms as well as traditional IBS dietary advice, and combining elements from these 2 strategies might further reduce symptoms of IBS.

TL;DR: Daily doses of OCA significantly reduced levels of ALP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alanine aminotransferase, compared with placebo, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who had inadequate responses to ursodeoxycholic acid.

TL;DR: Diet modification has the promise of reducing colorectal cancer incidence and emerging evidence also implicates the gut microbiota as an important effector in the relationship between diet and cancer.

TL;DR: Fecal microbiota transplantation has been demonstrated to durably alter the gut microbiota of the recipient and has shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with recurrent CDI, and further research is needed to understand the possible role of FMT in these other conditions.

TL;DR: Advances in diagnostic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging or positron emission tomography have increased the accuracy of diagnosis of ESCC and advances gained from basic and clinical research are reviewed.

TL;DR: The evolving evidence regarding newer endoscopic methods to detect dysplasia has resulted in variation among guideline recommendations from organizations around the world, and unifying consensus recommendations were developed addressing 2 issues.

TL;DR: How alterations in β-catenin activity contribute to liver disease and how these might be used in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as in the development of therapeutics are discussed.

TL;DR: In patients who underwent curative treatment for HCC, adjuvant immunotherapy with activated CIK cells increased recurrence-free and overall survival.

TL;DR: Based on a large, population-based study, CRC subtypes, defined by proposed etiologic pathways, are associated with marked differences in survival, indicating the clinical importance of studies into the molecular heterogeneity of CRC.

TL;DR: Many factors must be considered in determining whether treating this bacterial infection will prevent cancer or only reduce its risk-these must be considering in designing reliable and effective eradication therapies.

TL;DR: A panel of molecular markers and clinical features that show promise for the accurate classification of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and identification of cysts that require surgery are identified.

TL;DR: Cirrhosis prevalence and mortality and HCC incidence and mortality increased from 2001 to 2013, driven by HCV, with a smaller contribution from NAFLD.

TL;DR: High fecal concentrations of infliximab in the first days after therapy begins are associated with primary nonresponse, and additional studies are needed to determine how therapeutic antibodies are lost through the intestinal mucosa and how this process affects treatment response.

TL;DR: The challenges in evaluating pancreatic cysts are discussed, a rational, evidence-based, cost-effective approach to care of the patient with a pancreas remains poorly defined and the existing data set is critically examined.