Showing papers in "Gender & Development in 2012"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the dangers of conflating the empowerment of women as individuals with the feminist goal of removing the structural discrimination which women face as a gendered constituency, and consider the implications for feminists in development if they adopt smart economics-speak and work in coalition with individuals and organisations who have fundamentally different aims.
Abstract: This article focuses on the current trend for investing in women and girls as ‘smart economics’, which is a direct descendant of the efficiency approach to women in development (WID) prevalent in the wake of the economic crisis in the 1980s. We highlight the dangers of conflating the empowerment of women as individuals with the feminist goal of removing the structural discrimination which women face as a gendered constituency, and consider the implications for feminists in development if they adopt smart economics-speak and work in coalition with individuals and organisations who have fundamentally different aims. This has attractions in strategic terms, but risks recreating the very problems gender and development seeks to transform.
321 citations
TL;DR: Harvesting Feminist Knowledge for Public Policy: Rebuilding Progress offers alternatives, including tangible steps on how to induce gender-sensitive growth, and admits that the book does not offer a one-size-fits-all path to equitable, just, and sustainable development.
Abstract: alternatives, including tangible steps on how to induce gender-sensitive growth (i.e. a recognition of the unpaid care economy through the collection of time-use data, the provision of public investment in social infrastructure, employment creation strategies and macroeconomic policies that promote small-scale enterprises), and also admit that the book does not offer a one-size-fits-all path to equitable, just, and sustainable development. But at the same time, feminist knowledge / especially feminist economics / has not, for the most part, been able to cross the barriers into mainstream economic thought. It is doubtful that a convincing, clearly presented, and wellsubstantiated volume such as Harvesting Feminist Knowledge for Public Policy: Rebuilding Progress will end up in the reviews sections of long-established publications like The Economist or The Daily Telegraph. The book’s policy recommendations might take years to be absorbed by those formulating national, regional, or international agendas. Nevertheless, this volume comes at a crucial point, when the ongoing financial and economic crises have forced policymakers to re-evaluate their toolkits. However, the book’s foreword, by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, is an indicator that the ideas of the authors are making inroads into mainstream international policy formation. Slowly but surely, a more nuanced and critical perspective of ‘progress’ for the world’s women is emerging, driven on by volumes such as this.
127 citations
TL;DR: This article provides an overview of barriers to self-care, patients' perceptions and understanding of their chronic illness, interviewing techniques, and approaches nurse practitioners can use to reduce or eliminate barriers toSelf-care in adults with chronic conditions.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of barriers to self-care, patients' perceptions and understanding of their chronic illness, interviewing techniques, and approaches nurse practitioners can use to reduce or eliminate barriers to self-care in adults with chronic conditions.
121 citations
TL;DR: Walby, Sylvia The Future of Feminism Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2011, ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-4757-9, 210 pp as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Walby, Sylvia The Future of Feminism Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2011, ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-4757-9, 210 pp. The Future of Feminism comes at a critical time in European and international ...
121 citations
TL;DR: This paper explored gender inequalities and transformations following Haiti's devastating 2010 earthquake and concluded that recognition and support of women's capacities is critical in shifting from short-term relief to longer-term gender transformation.
Abstract: This paper explores gender inequalities and transformations following Haiti's devastating 2010 earthquake. Post-disaster experiences of women are located in a wider context of a longer term gender crisis. The paper argues that patterns of gender exclusion occur on multiple levels from the transnational to the local, and identifies gender-specific obstacles in the recovery and reconstruction period. In Haiti, these include meeting family survival needs, violence and exploitation, and class and racially based stigmatisation. The paper concludes with an exploration of the post-disaster organisational and caretaking work of Haitian women. It contends that recognition and support of women's capacities is critical in shifting from short-term relief to longer-term gender transformation.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the findings of an action research project examining the experience of women producers in various collective enterprises, all linked to the Fair Trade movement, in seven countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Abstract: This article summarises the findings of an action research project examining the experience of women producers in various collective enterprises, all linked to the Fair Trade movement, in seven countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. What are the benefits of collective enterprise for women producers? The study found that participating in collective forms of enterprise and linking to Fair Trade markets can enable women producers to access resources and markets, develop relationships, and overcome gender constraints. This can help them significantly in meeting economic and social goals. The article also describes how some membership-based organisations are addressing various complex obstacles and challenges. These lessons have both practical and policy implications for international development programmes looking to support small and medium-size enterprise as a route to women's economic empowerment.
54 citations
TL;DR: This work states that there are several ways to deliver bad news to patients successfully using patient-centered communication techniques and methods, and that patience and refined communication skills are needed.
Abstract: Breaking negative news to patients is a common occurrence for nurse practitioners. This difficult task requires patience and refined communication skills, and must be approached with empathy for all parties involved. There are several ways to deliver bad news to patients successfully using patient-centered communication techniques and methods.
52 citations
TL;DR: The CARE Bangladesh Rural Sales Program (RSP) as discussed by the authors is a recent example of bottom-of-the-pyramid (BoP) entrepreneurship, which is a partnership between CARE and several multinational and domestic companies that seeks to provide poor women with an opportunity to participate in new forms of economic activity, offering them a prospect to earn an independent income and provide a better future for their family.
Abstract: In recent years bottom-of-the-pyramid (BoP) models have emerged as a popular strategy for offering poor women the opportunity to earn an income by distributing goods and services door-to-door. In this article, we explore one recent example of BoP entrepreneurship: the CARE Bangladesh Rural Sales Program (RSP). The RSP is a partnership between CARE and several multinational and domestic companies that seeks to provide poor women with an opportunity to participate in new forms of economic activity, offering them a prospect to earn an independent income and provide a better future for their family by selling a mix of multinational and locally produced consumer goods across rural Bangladesh. Our research found that the RSP has opened up new pathways of empowerment for some marginalised women in a context of considerable socioeconomic and cultural constraints, yet whether such schemes will have traction as a model for economic empowerment over the long term remains an open question.
50 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that warias, members of the LGBT community in Indonesia, should be acknowledged in DRR policies and practice even though they are marginalised and discriminated in the country because of prevailing religious and societal attitudes.
Abstract: This field note draws upon the concepts of vulnerability, marginalisation, and capacity of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people to face natural hazards. As a case study, this paper highlights the response of warias, members of the LGBT community in Indonesia, during the 2010 Mt Merapi eruption. Through key informant interviews and observation of actual relief operations led by warias in several evacuation sites in Yogyakarta and Central Java, the paper highlights that warias contributed to disaster risk reduction (DRR) even though they are marginalised and discriminated in the country because of prevailing religious and societal attitudes. The paper argues that their needs and capacities should be acknowledged in DRR policies and practice.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a case study of coffee production and trade in Uganda, aiming to assess the gains and losses for women and men specifically, which result from compliance with globally set codes of conduct.
Abstract: Fair Trade and organic certification production of coffee and other commodities is popularly seen as beneficial to producers in many ways. However, gender analysis of Fair Trade is important for assessing the gains and losses for women and men specifically, which result from compliance with globally set codes of conduct. This article presents a case study of coffee production and trade in Uganda, aiming to do this. Producer organisations’ experience suggests that there is great need for gender equality issues to be integrated into all stages of coffee production and marketing – referred to as ‘value chains’ – if women are to realise prosperity from their labour, and to move up the value chain as active participants and decision-makers. Producer organisations need to develop strategies for addressing gender-specific constraints, and to build women's capabilities and confidence to aspire to positions and influence across the whole value chain. They should also seek to dismantle gender discrimination in the ...
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced women empowerment as a key component of community-based disaster risk reduction interventions in different DRR-HP projects in Nepal, and 42 women empowerment centers (WECs) with 30 women participants were supported to lead DRR and emergency response work in their local communities.
Abstract: It is generally accepted that women overall are more vulnerable to disaster risk and have specific needs during a crisis. But in Nepal, social taboos and norms restrict women's freedom to express their needs to humanitarian workers in times of crisis, as these are normally strangers to the community deputed by humanitarian agencies or state agencies. These norms are deep-rooted in Nepal and other South Asian countries, and they increase the vulnerability of women to disaster risks, be they natural or man-made. In this context, starting in 2008, the Disaster Risk Reduction and Humanitarian programme (DRR-HP) in Nepal has introduced Women's Empowerment as a key component of community-based disaster risk reduction interventions in different DRR-HP projects. Altogether, 42 Women's Empowerment Centres (WECs), each with 30 women participants, have been supported to lead DRR and emergency response work in their local communities. The WECs have become a successful way of reducing socio-economic and physical vulne...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive resource in terms of quantitative data on women teachers not only in the five case study countries, but also internationally (although to a lesser but still valuable extent).
Abstract: This edited book, published as a collaboration between the Commonwealth Secretariat and UNESCO, represents an important contribution to scholarship on women and the teaching profession, and indeed to the wider field of gender and education. First, across its two main sections (multi-country analysis and country reports), it offers a comprehensive resource in terms of quantitative data on women teachers not only in the five case study countries, but also internationally (although to a lesser but still valuable extent). Second, it provides (again, at multi-country and five case study levels) excellent critical analyses of the literature on women and the teaching profession. This means we now have a good international summary of the issues, a ‘one-stop-shop’ quantitative data resource on women teachers, and five in-depth and nuanced country studies (on Dominica, Lesotho, India, Samoa, and Sri Lanka), which offer fascinating cross-cultural comparison. However, what I find particularly valuable and refreshing about this book (aside from its accessible language) is its angle on women and the teaching profession from a women’s rights and gender-based social exclusion perspective. This means that it covers issues, for example, relating to the work place and publicsector employment market, and social status. Unfortunately, far too often in development literature (especially that which is policy-based), the focus on women teachers is purely instrumental. That is, women teachers are viewed simply as a mechanism for achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and Education for All (EFA) targets of numbers of girls in school. In this view, women’s right are, ironically, entirely overlooked. This, of course, mirrors the instrumental arguments (which are, of course, important for leverage purposes) that abound in the field of girls’ education itself (‘educate a girl and you educate a nation’, and so on). In the debate around women teachers, even when there is discussion about working conditions for women’s teachers, the issue is not about ensuring these women have their rights fulfilled, but about what conditions make them more likely to stay in post so that they may fulfil their purpose: getting more girls into school and keeping them there. This book, however, in both the case study analysis, and the multi-country analysis, directly challenges this approach, and raises and researches important questions around perceptions of teaching as ‘women’s work’, and the implications of this in terms of women’s social status, professional development potential, and the juggling of reproductive and economic responsibilities. In relation to this, it also highlights important issues of men’s role in the teaching profession / although the book’s title
TL;DR: The Women of Katrina: How Gender, Race, and Class Matter in an American Dis... as discussed by the authors, is a book about the women of Hurricane Katrina and its effects on the United States.
Abstract: Gender and Development 20 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.731757 David, Emmanuel and Elaine Enarson (eds.) The Women of Katrina: How Gender, Race, and Class Matter in an American Dis...
TL;DR: The authors argue that the current debates on whether to hold a Fifth World Conference on Women in 2015 present an important opportunity to catalyse a global reflection on which strategies are no longer relevant and which approaches will infuse women's networks and movements with th...
Abstract: The ominous vision of elephants and dragons in the title of this article represents the perplexing equation of progress and backlash that characterises work on gender equality and women's rights. This article advocates a move away from the ongoing debates about gender mainstreaming, towards re-framing strategies for ending gender discrimination. Synthesising the analysis and priorities for action shared by 40 gender and development activists and practitioners participating in an eight-day electronic discussion on gender and organisational change sponsored by Gender at Work, the article identifies three strategies for social transformation that are central to enabling feminists to seize emerging opportunities and avert emerging threats. We argue that the current debates on whether to hold a Fifth World Conference on Women in 2015 present an important opportunity to catalyse a global reflection on which strategies are no longer relevant and which approaches will infuse women's networks and movements with th...
TL;DR: In this paper, Cornwall et al. discuss gender and development 20 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.663648 Cornwall, Andrea (ed.) The Participation Reader London and New York: Zed Books, ISBN: 978-1842774038, 393 pp.
Abstract: Gender and Development 20 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.663648 Cornwall, Andrea (ed.) The Participation Reader London and New York: Zed Books, ISBN: 978-1842774038, 393 pp. My grea...
TL;DR: The gender issues that emerged after the earthquake and tsunami that hit East Japan in March 2011 repeated what had already happened following earlier emergencies in Japan, indicating a failure on the part of the government to integrate a gender perspective into emergency planning and response, and ongoing gender inequality in Japanese society.
Abstract: This article describes the gender issues that have emerged after the earthquake and tsunami that hit East Japan in March 2011, and how the government and society responded to these issues. The gender issues that emerged were not new; rather, they repeated what had already happened following earlier emergencies in Japan, indicating a failure on the part of the government to integrate a gender perspective into emergency planning and response, and ongoing gender inequality in Japanese society.
TL;DR: Gender mainstreaming experienced a boom of popularity in development organisations around the world following the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on South Africa, however, these findings suggest that it may need to be drastically revised and provide some insights on how to move forward.
Abstract: Gender mainstreaming experienced a boom of popularity in development organisations around the world following the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. This article contributes to understanding the current state of gender mainstreaming, with a focus on South Africa. Discussions with gender practitioners in South African non-government organisations point to the widespread rejection of gender mainstreaming across the country. While gender mainstreaming cannot be said to have failed in South Africa, these findings suggest that it may need to be drastically revised, and provide some insights on how to move forward.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the practices and social relationships embedded in the activities of four Southern Fair Trade Enterprises (SFTEs) in order to analyse processes of empowerment for women in Bangladesh.
Abstract: This article draws on research with women handicraft producers in Bangladesh in order to analyse processes of empowerment. It explores the practices and social relationships embedded in the activities of four Southern Fair Trade Enterprises (SFTEs). Attention is drawn to the kinds of change which the women producers feel they are achieving and how such change was linked to Fair Trade employment. The research suggest that SFTEs have a significant role in encouraging additional advantages and opportunities which contribute to processes of empowerment, providing practical models for other socially responsible forms of employment.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze women's role as both consumers and entrepreneurs and identify women-specific opportunities in the expanding market for modern off-grid lighting in five sub-Saharan African countries.
Abstract: Women in Africa are both important beneficiaries and key facilitators of the modern off-grid lighting revolution. Affordable products using technologies like micro-solar power and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can replace fuel-based lighting – enabling women and men to save money, reduce indoor pollution, and operate their small enterprises with reliable, clean lighting. This article discusses new research from Lighting Africa, in five sub-Saharan African countries. It analyses women's role as both consumers and entrepreneurs and identifies women-specific opportunities in the expanding market for modern off-grid lighting.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the constraints facing women entrepreneurs in Lebanon, in starting up and expanding their businesses, and make recommendations which aim to make it more possible for women to achieve sustainable enterprise development in Lebanon.
Abstract: In the aftermath of the Lebanese civil war, as part of their efforts to rebuild the national economy, many donor agencies and non-government organisations increased their efforts to support the goal of women's economic empowerment. However, the share of women-owned businesses in Lebanon has remained low, and women are mostly still limited to work in marginalised sectors of the economy where production levels are low. Thus, women's entrepreneurship development (WED) initiatives often fall short of fulfilling their promises of providing decent work, and supporting the goal of gender equality. This article aims to identify the constraints facing women entrepreneurs in Lebanon, in starting up and expanding their businesses. It explores different approaches adopted by WED support organisations, analyses the structural gaps that characterise WED initiatives, and makes recommendations which aim to make it more possible for women to achieve sustainable enterprise development in Lebanon.
TL;DR: Vulnettari et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the gender and development of Albania's society and economy in transition and found that the majority of women in the country are women.
Abstract: Gender and Development 20 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.663644 Vulnettari, Julie and Russell King Remittances, Gender and Development: Albania's Society and Economy in Transition L...
TL;DR: Before integrating nurse practitioners into a critical care environment, it is important to understand the infrastructure and support necessary to guide clinical practice and utilization.
Abstract: Before integrating nurse practitioners into a critical care environment, it is important to understand the infrastructure and support necessary to guide clinical practice and utilization. NP practice teams should be structured with a cohesive strategy to provide 24/7 patient coverage and consistency in evidence-based care.
TL;DR: Barriers to implementing the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in hypertensive African American women included clinicians' low adherence to nutritional counseling and patients' lack of knowledge regarding nutrition and the consequences of hypertension.
Abstract: This integrative review identifies barriers to implementing the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in hypertensive African American women. Databases were searched for original research published between 1999 and 2009. Barriers included clinicians' low adherence to nutritional counseling and patients' lack of knowledge regarding nutrition and the consequences of hypertension.
TL;DR: The Annual Legislative Update describes the legislative issues that have the most impact on nurse practitioners and other advanced practice nurses across the country.
Abstract: The Annual Legislative Update describes the legislative issues that have the most impact on nurse practitioners and other advanced practice nurses across the country.
TL;DR: Results show that international and national standards related to gender were not, in this case, properly taken up in the implementation of the response to the floods in Sindh Province.
Abstract: During 2010 and 2011, Pakistan experienced a series of catastrophic floods. Sindh was the worst affected province, where people already living with chronic poverty and accompanying vulnerability were still recovering from the 2010 mega floods. Women, elderly people, minority groups, differently abled people, and children were among those hit hardest. This study examines and evaluates the gender aspects of the early recovery housing/one–two-room shelters provided by humanitarian organisations to replace destroyed houses in two districts (Dadu and Thatta) of Sindh Province. It draws on examples from the field in order to understand the experiences of vulnerable people, especially women, in participating in housing programmes and projects. Results show that international and national standards related to gender were not, in this case, properly taken up in the implementation of the response.
TL;DR: The authors argue that BRAC and the Grameen Bank construct poor people and poverty as categories within a problem, thus rendering the poor ‘objects of empowerment’ and providing a justification for intervention in their lives.
Abstract: Gender and Development 20 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.663646 Faraizi, Aminul, Taskinur Rahman and Jim McAllister Microcredit and Women's Empowerment: A Case Study of Bangladesh L...
TL;DR: The primary care setting is an appropriate venue for screening and identifying pediatric depression and nurse practitioners can provide initial management or referral to psychiatric mental health professionals for evidence-based treatments.
Abstract: Youth who have mental health issues are more likely than their peers to seek primary care services. The primary care setting is an appropriate venue for screening and identifying pediatric depression. Additionally, nurse practitioners can provide initial management or referral to psychiatric mental health professionals for evidence-based treatments.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored a process in Indonesia from 2009 to 2011 which brought together Indonesian factories, international sportswear brands and Indonesian unions to develop a protocol in an attempt ensure that workers' human rights are upheld inside factories.
Abstract: Women workers across Asia and throughout the world continue to face long hours, low wages and discrimination when they try to organise into unions within garment and footwear factories. Millions of young women are making products for companies Nike and Adidas. Over the past decade, under considerable public pressure, these companies have developed standards on workers conditions for their supplier factories. Despite this, there is still a considerable gap between sportswear companies’ policies and the actual conditions inside factories. This article explores a process in Indonesia from 2009 to 2011 which brought together Indonesian factories, international sportswear brands and Indonesian unions to develop a protocol in an attempt ensure that workers’ human rights are upheld inside factories. Women union leaders were instrumental in the development of this protocol and will be integral to the implementation of these new guidelines.
TL;DR: An update on the factors that affect the safe use of biologic medications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is provided.
Abstract: There have been numerous changes regarding evidence-based care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a costly, chronic, autoimmune disease. This article provides an update on the factors that affect the safe use of biologic medications in this patient population.
TL;DR: Nurse practitioners play an important role in implementing effective smoking cessation treatments and educating patients about the associated risks of smoking.
Abstract: Cigarette smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Nurse practitioners play an important role in implementing effective smoking cessation treatments and educating patients about the associated risks of smoking.