Showing papers in "Gender in Management: An International Journal in 2011"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate whether gender diversity of audit committees has a significant impact on the firm's earnings management and find consistent evidence to show that the presence of a female director on the audit committee constrains earnings management by increasing negative (income decreasing) discretionary accruals.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender diversity of audit committees has a significant impact on the firm's earnings management.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a performance‐adjusted discretionary accrual model to examine the association between gender variables and the firm's earnings management. Regression analysis is applied using 320 firms from the S&P Small Cap 600.Findings – The authors find consistent evidence to show that the presence of a female director on the audit committee constrains earnings management by increasing negative (income‐decreasing) discretionary accruals.Research limitations/implications – Future research can explore the behavior of female managers by applying the gender theory. Furthermore, the paper's evidence has implications for regulators and policy makers, since the presence of a female director in the audit committee may affect management decisions and audit quality in a positive way. Therefore, gender diversity on the board sho...
167 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the research gap on Lebanese women managers and demonstrate how gender, work, and family factors influence the career advancement of women managers, and reveal that women managers do not perceive gender centered factors as obstacles to career advancement.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the research gap on Lebanese women managers and to demonstrate how gender, work, and family factors influence the career advancement of women managers.Design/methodology/approach – The research is qualitative in nature. A total of 32 in‐depth face‐to face interviews were conducted with 32 women managers.Findings – Interview data reveal that Lebanese women managers do not perceive gender‐centered factors as obstacles to career advancement. The women in the study used different terms to describe the impact of gender, work, and family factors on their career progression to those found in existing literature. Their responsibilities towards their families were not perceived as barriers hindering their career progress. In addition, their personality traits, aspirations for management, levels of educational attainment and work experience, and family‐related factors were also not perceived as inhibiting their careers.Practical implications – The paper provides new...
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of the gender composition of boards of directors on the gender of the CEOs they appoint, and assessed the effect of newly appointed CEOs' gender on risk taking by the firm.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine, within a succession framework, the impact of the gender composition of boards of directors on the gender of the CEOs they appoint, and to assess the impact of newly appointed CEOs' gender on risk taking by the firm.Design/methodology/approach – The authors estimate a two‐stage least squares regression using data on 679 CEO successions in North American firms.Findings – The results show that successor CEOs are more likely to be female the greater the percentage of females on the board, regardless of other succession characteristics such as whether the new CEO is from inside or outside the firm. Furthermore, a change in CEO from male to female is associated with a decrease in several measures of firm risk taking.Research limitations/implications – The sample is restricted to relatively large, exchange‐traded North American firms and may not generalize to other groups.Practical implications – The findings suggest that women aspiring to CEO positions and firm...
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of family support, co-worker support, supervisor support, work-life balance policies (WLBPs), work-family culture and job characteristics, as the predictors of workto-family (WFE) and family-to-work (FWE) enrichment was evaluated.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of family support, co‐worker support, supervisor support, work‐life balance policies (WLBPs), work‐family culture and job characteristics, as the predictors of work‐to‐family (WFE) and family‐to‐work (FWE) enrichment. In addition, it explored whether such effects were gender specific by examining the moderating effect of gender.Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from a sample of 485 managers in India. Analysis was done using multiple regressions.Findings – Analyses revealed that family support, co‐worker support, supervisor support, WLBPs, work‐family culture and job characteristics predicted WFE while family support and job characteristics predicted FWE. Little moderating influence of gender was found. Gender moderated the relationship between WLBPs and WFE such that the relationship between the two was stronger for women as compared to men. Similarly, gender moderated the link between job characteristics and WFE such that the rela...
75 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined how feminist attributes are expressed within entrepreneurial identity and found that women do not describe themselves as typically portrayed in the feminist literature, contrary to a feminine archetype portrayed as caring and nurturing.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how feminist attributes are expressed within entrepreneurial identityDesign/methodology/approach – The study employed a purposive sampling technique to recruit 15 self‐identified “feminist entrepreneurs” This included retailers, manufacturers, exploration operators, consultants, and professionals Qualitative data were subject to content analysisFindings – Contrary to a feminine archetype portrayed as caring and nurturing, respondents do not describe themselves as typically portrayed in the feminist literature Prevalent themes included participative leadership, action‐oriented, and creative thinker/or problem solverResearch limitations/implications – Researchers should use caution in assuming feminist discourse has direct application to characterizing or stereotyping “feminist” entrepreneurs The applicability and reliability of “off the shelf” psychometrics to describe contemporary gender roles across the myriads of processes associated with venture
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the firm characteristics that predict the sex of the executive office holder, classifying the plausible firm characteristics to explain the presence of female executives into four explanations: sector, size, stability and scandal.
Abstract: Purpose – Although women remain substantially underrepresented in the top echelons of large corporations, a non‐trivial presence of female executives has emerged in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the firm characteristics that predict the sex of the executive office holder, classifying the plausible firm characteristics that could explain the presence of female executives into four explanations: sector, size, stability, and scandal.Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides perhaps the first large‐sample analyses of the sex of executive officers in Fortune 500 firms by analyzing a sample of 3,691 executives in 444 Fortune 500 companies.Findings – In the paper's sample, 252 of the executives, or 6.4 percent of the sample, are women. The authors' analyses reveal that women are less likely to be chief executive officers and chief operations officers, but more likely to be chief corporate officers and general counsels. Female executives are somewhat less likely to be present in t...
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the effect of gender on the relation between protean and boundaryless career attitudes and subjective career success, in today's dynamic and changing organizational context.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of gender upon the relation between protean and boundaryless career attitudes and subjective career success, in today's dynamic and changing organizational context.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a questionnaire conducted on 150 graduate and post‐graduate distance learning students. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.Findings – The analysis indicates that women's career success is positively related with self‐direction and negatively related with their reliance on their own values. Furthermore, the authors found a negative relation between organizational mobility preference and men's subjective career success.Research limitations/implications – A potential limitation of this study is that all participants were distance‐learning students, thus limiting the generalizability of the findings to other populations. Furthermore, cross‐sectional designs do not permit drawing conclusions regarding the causal...
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed female expatriates' work-life conflicts and enrichments which take place during the international assignment, and found that females have experiences of conflicts but also enrichment during international assignments.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze female expatriates' work‐life conflicts and enrichments which take place during the international assignmentDesign/methodology/approach – A total of 20 interviews were carried out with female expatriates The interview data were content analyzedFindings – The findings indicate that females have experiences of conflicts but also enrichment during international assignments Both aspects – the effect of the personal life on the working life and vice versa – are shown to be important for females Life and career stages appear to be integral to these experiences This study utilizes four metaphors – airport, seesaw, stage, and harbor – as main headings to represent female expatriates' experiences in balancing work and their personal livesOriginality/value – This study expands our understanding of the experiences of female expatriates from the work‐life balance perspective and contributes by analyzing both the work‐life conflicts as well as the enrichment whi
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hierarchical logistic regression approach is applied to investigate whether involvement of family members who are not partners and exchange of emotional support is associated with the gender of the entrepreneurs.
Abstract: Purpose – By adding an alter perspective to the traditional ego perspective on gender differences in entrepreneurial networks, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether involvement of family members who are not partners and exchange of emotional support is associated not only with the gender of the entrepreneurs but also the gender of entrepreneurs' alters.Design/methodology/approach – Building on homophily theory, relational theory and social support theory, three hypotheses are developed and tested on a representative sample of Danish entrepreneurs and their alters. A hierarchical logistic regression approach is applied.Findings – It is found that female focal entrepreneurs are more likely to involve female and family members who are not partners. Furthermore, it was found that female focal entrepreneurs would more likely involve female family members while male focal entrepreneurs would more likely involve male family members. And finally, it was found that females and males are equally likel...
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of cultural values on gender gap and found that conservatism value dimension is associated with higher levels of gender gap, but autonomy cultural dimension may lead to gender equality.
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of cultural values on gender gap., – First, by relying on the extant literature, the concepts of cultural values and gender gap are framed and variables are defined. Then, the relationships among variables are hypothesized and the theoretical model is constructed. Finally, empirical tests are conducted, the results are analyzed, and theoretical/practical implications are discussed., – The results show that controlling for the effects of socio‐economic variables, culture still has important implications for gender gap. More specifically, it is found that conservatism value dimension is associated with higher levels of gender gap, but autonomy cultural dimension may lead to gender equality., – This study is limited to three pairs of cultural values as proposed by Schwartz. Another major limitation of this study resides in the theoretical model and linear data analysis techniques used to investigate the relationship between culture and gender gap., – The findings of this study could have important practical implications in many areas of social sciences such as political science, management and organizational studies, education, international law, and human resource management., – By considering the implications of cultural values, policy makers and business leaders may adopt effective strategies to promote gender equalities at the societal and organizational levels., – While many studies have focused on some narrow aspects such as gender‐based differences in labour, employment, remuneration, political representation, education, and leadership, in this study, the authors relied on a comprehensive conceptualization of the gender gap. Considering the reliability of data and the variety of countries/cultures included, the results seem very significant.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present six testable propositions to guide future research on the power of the trust building, interactive transformational leadership style women employ to succeed in corporate environments and which they further refine as entrepreneurs.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present six testable propositions to guide future research on the power of the trust building, interactive transformational leadership style women employ to succeed in corporate environments and which they further refine as entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approach – The propositions are drawn from findings in the fields of management, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, leadership, teamwork and trust.Findings – In organizational life, to move beyond outsider stereotypes, women employ collaborative behaviors to create a climate of trust in work teams. As managers and later as entrepreneurs, their leadership style yields a number of performance enhancing outcomes.Originality/value – Little research links the leadership style of women in organizations to their later entrepreneurial ventures. The propositions and recommendations for testing offered here provide several methods to carry out empirical and theoretical studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the available literature culminating in a comprehensive model of characteristics, motivations and potential barriers to entrepreneurial activity is provided, with a focus on female indigenous small business entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Purpose – Research in indigenous small business entrepreneurship in Australia is sparse. This paper aims to provide a review of the available literature culminating in a comprehensive model of characteristics, motivations and potential barriers to entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a literature review.Findings – “Push” factors were predominant as motivators for setting up business ventures and were strongly linked to the desire to improve severe disadvantage through very poor economic situations and negative racial stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice as well as addressing the needs of their community. Potential barriers to business development included lack of formal education, prior work experience, language barriers, culture conflicts and problems attaining sufficient finance. Female indigenous entrepreneurs faced both gender and racial discrimination.Practical implications – This paper concludes with some suggestions on future research and governme...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of personal resourcefulness and marital adjustment on job satisfaction and life satisfaction of working women in India was investigated and it was found that home-based working women are the least stressed, most well adjusted, and the most satisfied with their careers among the groups studied.
Abstract: Purpose – The study aims to establish the effect of personal resourcefulness and marital adjustment on job satisfaction and life satisfaction of working women in India.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 300 women are studied – 100 each in the working women, home‐based working women, and homemakers categories – using the following scales: socio economic status scale, general health questionnaire, self‐esteem inventory, life satisfaction scale, perceived stress scale, marital adjustment scale, the self‐control schedule, and job satisfaction questionnaire.Findings – It is found that the home‐based working women are the least stressed, most well adjusted, and the most satisfied with their careers among the groups studied. Their ways of perceiving and handling stress are found to be more effective than those used by women in the other two groups.Practical implications – The study implicates women friendly work policies – like flexible job hours and home office – as well as a cooperative home environment ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the idea of "opting out" for married professional women by presenting a conceptual investigation into the impact that a woman's identity and social networks have in shaping her decisions surrounding career exit.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the idea of “opting out” for married professional women by presenting a conceptual investigation into the impact that a woman's identity and social networks have in shaping her decisions surrounding career exit. A model is developed and intended to help researchers in this area move beyond existing frameworks when attempting to explain and predict women's career exit.Design/methodology/approach – Research from the identity, social networks, turnover, and careers literatures was analyzed and integrated to put forth a new theoretical lens, represented by the conceptual model developed in this paper, that helps to explain married professional women's career exit.Findings – Development of the model reveals a complex, reciprocal relationship between a woman's identity and her social network and depicts how these factors act in concert to shape women's decisions regarding career exit or “opting out.” This model also highlights the importance of structural constr...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the experiences of two groups of female and male managers in two diverse countries and how these groups of employees view career advancement and how this perspective may relate to the lack of women in senior managerial roles.
Abstract: Purpose – The increase in general managerial roles held by women has failed to translate into senior management positions in many countries. The paper aims to focus on the experiences of two groups of female and male managers in two diverse countries and how these groups of employees view career advancement and how this perspective may relate to the lack of women in senior managerial roles.Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts deductive reasoning to understand social practice as a means by which and how senior management identities are perceived and whether these roles are attainable. A survey was administered to female and male managers in Malaysia and in Australia.Findings – The findings indicate that women in two countries studied still have significant responsibilities for performing family duties, and bringing up children. In particular, the Malaysian respondents viewed family and personal responsibilities as their greatest impediment to attaining senior management positions. Hence, they ar...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the persistence of director networks over time to determine whether gender related differences contribute to the apparent resistance to change in boards of directors, and found that only 5% of directors are women.
Abstract: Purpose – Despite the extensive study of director interlocks very little is known about gendered director networks. Boards of directors are primarily male; globally, only 5‐20 per cent of directors are women and change is described as glacially slow. The extent to which women directors are central to the network, or pushed to the margins, is unknown. Using the tools of social network analysis we extract the components of three director networks, a global and two national networks and locate the women directors. The paper aims to examine the persistence of director networks over time to determine whether gender related differences – apart from size – contribute to the apparent resistance to change.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a longitudinal approach, comparing director networks on a global network scale (2004 and 2007 Fortune Global 200) and a national one (2004 and 2007 New Zealand Stock Exchange) with the iconic 1999 Fortune US 1000 dataset. After extracting the largest connected componen...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a collection of articles from the field of gender and poverty, including a comprehensive overview of the field and an essential resource for all sections of the development community.
Abstract: ‘While each of the articles in this impressive collection makes an original contribution to the conceptual, empirical and policy analysis of gender and poverty, together they provide a comprehensive overview of the field and an essential resource for all sections of the development community. Professor Sylvia Chant is to be congratulated for bringing together some of the leading thinkers in the field from across the world. This is not only an unprecedented feat of international co-operation but feminist collaboration at its best.’
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the extent to which leadership attributes, masculinity, risk taking and decision making affect perceived crisis proneness and found that masculinity is positively associated with perceived crisis preparedness, whereas transformational leadership is inversely associated.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which leadership attributes, masculinity, risk taking and decision making affect perceived crisis proneness.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws mainly on the literature about gender, leadership and organizational crisis to explore whether masculinity predicts crisis proneness, and the extent to which leadership attributes as well as risk‐taking and decision‐making style are efficient predictors of perceived crisis preparedness (CP). Utilizing pertinent literature and concepts, the paper evaluates a database of 231 female and male managers.Findings – As hypothesized, masculinity is positively associated, whereas transformational leadership is inversely associated with perceived crisis proneness. Both participative decision making and passive management predict higher degree of perceived crisis proneness and so does risk taking.Research limitations/implications – More in‐depth research as well as larger and more diverse sample is requ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine gender and competitiveness in relation to the likelihood of using unethical negotiation strategies and determine if gender serves as a predictor or moderator variable in this relationship, finding that both men and women who score highly on the hypercompetitive scale are more likely to embrace the use of unethical bargaining behavior.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and competitiveness in relation to the likelihood of using unethical negotiation strategies. Additionally, this study seeks to determine if gender serves as a predictor or moderator variable in this relationship.Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were used to collect data from 169 working adults enrolled in evening business programs at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The sample was split evenly between female (82) and male (81) respondents. Six respondents did not provide their gender classification. Stepwise hierarchical moderated regression analysis was used to test the effects of competitiveness and gender as predictor and moderator variables in relation to the ethicality of negotiation strategies.Findings – The results show that while men are more generally competitive than women, both men and women who score highly on the hypercompetitive scale are more likely to embrace the use of unethical bargaining behavior. However, w...
TL;DR: A reflection on the author's earlier paper published in Gender in Management: An International Journal (formerly Women in Management Review) in 2003 titled "Locks and keys to the boardroom" is provided in this paper.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflection on the author's earlier paper published in Gender in Management: An International Journal (formerly Women in Management Review) in 2003 titled “Locks and keys to the boardroom”Design/methodology/approach – The paper is examined in the context of current research and writing on women on boardsFindings – The 2003 paper built on the authors' previous research and writing and informed their current research activities In addition, the 2003 paper reflected an emerging interest in women on boards and the factors leading to their successPractical implications – The paper finds that the organisation featured in the original article did not turn out to be a tipping point in terms of women appointed to directors Very little progress has taken place in the past eight years in terms of numbers of women on top boards, but the Davies report (2011) should prompt changeOriginality/value – The paper indicates that a great deal of research has developed s
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a register-based index that could provide a practical tool for gathering information and increasing our knowledge on gender equality at organizational level, based on Swedish gender policy and information available in public registers.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a register‐based index that could provide a practical tool for gathering information and increasing our knowledge on gender equality at organizational level.Design/methodology/approach – Based on Swedish gender policy and information available in public registers, six variables were chosen. For each variable, a gender gap was calculated as the ratio between the sexes, with the larger figure always treated as numerator. The study population consisted of 11,471 persons in 46 companies working in the computer sector, and 32,151 individuals in 77 companies employed in the grocery production sector.Findings – The results show indices of 1.43‐2.09 for the computer sector and of 1.13‐2.14 for the grocery production sector, both with a normal distribution (one is considered fully gender equal and three least gender equal). Added together, the selected variables provide results that are sufficiently different to enable ranking. The variables vary in importance in t...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that one needs to move away from the focus on individual traits and female management to study the processes and practices that produce power differences between men and women in the organisations where they take place.
Abstract: Purpose – The paper criticizes current directions in research on women and management The purpose of this paper is to propose new directions for such researchDesign/methodology/approach – The paper is conceptual and is based on a review of recent literature on elites and the gendering of elite positions internationally and in the Nordic countries This literature is discussed using studies of changing power dynamics and the development of welfare state services in a context of globalizationFindings – The paper argues that one needs to move away from the focus on individual traits and “female management” to study the processes and practices that (re)produce power differences between men and women in the organisations where they take place Two contextual factors make new directions in research necessary The first is the knowledge economy changing organisations from bureaucratic towards democratic forms at the level of production and the financialization of the economy centralizing power at corporate le
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined perceptions of the "Ideal President" and candidates in the 2008 US presidential election in relation to gender and leader prototypes, and found that the ideal leader was seen as higher in masculinity than femininity.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” and candidates in the 2008 US presidential election in relation to gender and leader prototypes.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 768 undergraduate business students rated either the ideal President or a presidential candidate on Bem Sex‐Role Inventory and Implicit Leadership Theory scales.Findings – The ideal President was seen as more similar to male candidates as a group than female candidates as a group (i.e. “think president – think male”). The ideal President was seen as higher in masculinity than femininity (i.e. “think president – think masculine”).Research limitations/implications – Additional factors beyond gender and leader prototypes may affect perceptions of presidential candidates and the ideal President. Respondents came exclusively from northeastern USA; hence, results may not be generalizable to other populations. Replication of this study in nations that have elected a female leader is recommend...
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of perceived external prestige (PEP) on organizational identification in the context of a Greek public organization and the moderating role of gender in the relationship between PEP and organizational identification was examined.
Abstract: Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of perceived external prestige (PEP) on organizational identification in the context of a Greek public organization and to address the moderating role of gender in the relationship between PEP and organizational identification.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data were obtained from a sample of 159 employees working in Citizens Service Centers. Analysis was conducted using moderated hierarchical regression analysis.
Findings
– PEP is positively related with organizational identification (β=0.33, p<0.001). The influence of the interaction of PEP and gender on organizational identification is also supported (β=−0.29 p<0.05). In particular, the effect of PEP on organizational identification was stronger for men.
Research limitations/implications
– Limited inference to other private and public organizations because data are based on one public organization. The cross‐sectional analysis of the data cannot directly assess causality.
Originality/value
– This is the first study to examine the moderating role of gender in the relationship between PEP and organizational identification.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider whether golf functions as a networking barrier for women in professions that require networking for career success and find that the greater the distance between men's and women's tees, the lower the participation rate for women.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider whether golf functions as a networking barrier for women in professions that require networking for career success.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 496 golf courses, in addition to demographic data and data about salaries in sales, managerial, and marketing and sales professions in the USA, were used to assess if differences in tee box placement between men's and women's tees would predict participation and salaries in networking‐oriented professions.Findings – The analyses indicate that differences in tee box placement between men's and women's tees did predict differences in participation and salaries in networking‐oriented professions. It was found that the greater the distance between men's and women's tees, the lower the salaries and participation rate for women. This effect was greatest for the marketing and sales profession.Research limitations/implications – Golf is one networking barrier among many, and so other networking barriers that ha...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate gender differences in the formation of mental models of firm strategies and investigate how gender, social interaction, team psychological safety and synergistic knowledge development influence the complexity and centrality of an individual's mental model of firm strategy.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences in the formation of mental models of firm strategies.Design/methodology/approach – The specific research question is how gender, social interaction, team psychological safety and synergistic knowledge development influence certain characteristics – complexity and centrality – of an individual's mental model of firm strategies. A survey was conducted on a sample of US business students enrolled in strategic management courses. Social interaction, team psychological safety and synergistic knowledge development were measured by use of multiple‐item seven‐point Likert scales. Mental models were constructed by the causal mapping method. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.Findings – The regression analyses of the survey data support most of the hypotheses. Gender directly influences complexity and centrality in mental models of firm strategies and moderates the predictive influence of social interaction on sy...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined an indicator of gender empowerment specifically in the achievements in politics based on data from selected developed and developing countries, where the developed countries were represented by Norway, Australia and Japan; while the developing countries are Malaysia, Philippines and China.
Abstract: Purpose – Gender empowerment measure (GEM) is an assessment about inequalities between men's and women's opportunities in a country. The concept of empowerment can be explored through three interrelated dimensions: agency, resources and achievements. Agency refers to processes by which choices and abilities are made, resources are the medium through which agency is exercised and achievements are the outcomes of agency. Specifically, this paper seeks to examine an indicator of GEM specifically in the achievements in politics based on data from selected developed and developing countries.Design/methodology/approach – A GEM indicator based on percentage of female parliamentarian taken from secondary sources such as United Nations Development Programme was used in the analysis of empowerment. The developed countries were represented by Norway, Australia and Japan; while the developing countries are Malaysia, the Philippines and China.Findings – There are variations in the achievement indicator in terms of per...
TL;DR: A qualitative analysis of a single book on women written by Modupe Faseke, a graduate of the University of Ibadan and one time Head of the Department of History at the Lagos State University (Nigeria) is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to bring the Nigerian woman from the margins of international obscurity by acknowledging the contributions of reputable academics from an emerging market context on a subject that has pervaded the global podium in recent years – i.e. women in management.Design/methodology/approach – The paper's approach is strictly qualitative in nature – a narrative analysis of a single book on women written by “a woman of status” – Dr (Mrs) Faseke, a graduate of the University of Ibadan and one time Head of the Department of History at the Lagos State University (Nigeria).Findings – This paper acknowledges the “silent voices” of African women, drawing upon a publication that was encountered purely by chance – Modupe Faseke's The Nigerian Woman published by Agape Publications (Ibadan, Nigeria) in 2001.Research limitations/implications – Although this paper reads very much like an extended book review, it does offer some critical theoretical and practical insight coming from a book p...
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of social feminist theory and liberal feminist theory to Lao micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) based on the results of mediation and moderation effects of the gender of entrepreneurs was investigated.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of social feminist theory (SFT) and liberal feminist theory (LFT) to Lao micro, small, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs) based on the results of mediation and moderation effects of the gender of entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 200 MSMEs. Analysis is based, first, on factor analysis to extract important factors and, second, multiple linear regression is used to empirically validate the feminist theories by examining the mediation effects and moderation effects regarding gender of entrepreneurs.Findings – The findings showed that not all feminist‐related factors mediate the relationship between gender and non‐economic performance whereas the gender of entrepreneurs moderates personal, social network, and skills factors and non‐economic performance but not family factor. Lastly, the compilation of the mediation and moderation results revealed that SFT is more applicable than LFT to Lao MSMEs.Researc...
TL;DR: The results of the analysis showed that nine women had maintained their health during their career, whereas others had various health problems and some women had also suffered from burnout syndrome.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine subjective health among women managers and professionals during their careers. Further, the role of work locus of control (WLC) for women managers' health is analyzed in a longitudinal perspective.Design/methodology/approach – This is a follow‐up study among 38 women managers and professionals who participated in an earlier investigation in 1996. Data were collected by means of interviews and two short questionnaires.Findings – The results of the analysis showed that nine women had maintained their health during their career, whereas others had various health problems and some women had also suffered from burnout syndrome. There was no significant change in WLC between the two investigations. The healthy women were characterized by stability in their WLC beliefs, rather than externality or internality.Research limitations/implications – Even though the results are based on a limited number of participants, the study points out factors that can be crucial f...