Showing papers in "Hepatology in 2016"

TL;DR: As the global epidemic of obesity fuels metabolic conditions, the clinical and economic burden of NAFLD will become enormous, and random‐effects models were used to provide point estimates of prevalence, incidence, mortality and incidence rate ratios.

TL;DR: Aasld Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Norah Terrault;Natalie Bzowej;Kyong-Mi Chang;Jessica Hwang;Maureen Jonas;Hassan Murad; Hepatology

TL;DR: It is reported that nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a central role in protecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells against ferroptosis, and the status of NRF2 is a key factor that determines the therapeutic response to ferroPTosis‐targeted therapies in HCC cells.

TL;DR: Gut microbiota analysis adds information to classical predictors of NAFLD severity and suggests novel metabolic targets for pre‐/probiotics therapies, and identifies Bacteroides as independently associated with NASH and Ruminococcus with significant fibrosis.

TL;DR: The analysis quantifies the enormity of the clinical and economic burdens of NAFLD, which will likely increase as the incidence ofNAFLD continues to rise.

TL;DR: Patients with AD without ACLF showed very high baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, HNA2, PRC, and PCC, and the strength of association of ACLF with SI was higher than with SCD, supporting SI as the primary driver of ACLf in cirrhosis.

TL;DR: NAFLD‐HCC is more often detected at a later tumor stage and could arise also in the absence of cirrhosis, but after patient matching, it has a similar survival rate compared to HCV infection; a future challenge will be to identify patients with NAFLD who require more stringent surveillance in order to offer the most timely and effective treatment.

TL;DR: In a systematic literature review, survival figures of HCC patients undergoing lipiodol TACE appear to be in line with those reported in previous RCTs, and no new or unexpected safety concerns were identified.

TL;DR: In this paper, the safety and efficacy of a 60mg once-daily dosage of daclatasvir (pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor) in combination with sofosbuvir at 400 mg once daily (NS5B inhibitor) and ribavirin at 600 mg/day for 12 weeks with a 24-week follow-up in two cohorts of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection of any genotype and either compensated/decompensated cirrhosis or post-transplantation recurrence.

TL;DR: It is suggested that metallothionein (MT)‐1G is a new regulator of ferroptosis in HCC cells and enhances the anticancer activity of sorafenib in vitro and in tumor xenograft models.

TL;DR: Most of the current literature focuses on the immune active phases of chronic HBV infection; decision‐making in other commonly encountered and challenging clinical settings depends on indirect evidence.

TL;DR: Although obesity is associated with an increase in LSM failure, the studied techniques and especially SSI provide high value for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients.

TL;DR: The long-term prognosis in terms of risk or predictors of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with sustained virological response (SVR) remains unclear.

TL;DR: It is found that lncRNA‐DANCR is overexpressed in stem‐like HCC cells, and this can serve as a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients and offer a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for H CC.

TL;DR: In patients with cirrhosis and significant coagulopathy before invasive procedures, TEG‐guided transfusion strategy leads to a significantly lower use of blood products compared to SOC (transfusion guided by INR and platelet count), without an increase in bleeding complications.

TL;DR: In this article, the PD-L1 expression by either neoplastic or intratumoral inflammatory cells is related to tumor aggressiveness and suggests that the response to treatments targeting the PDL1/PD-1 immune checkpoint could be restricted to particular HCC variants; thus, enrichment of these tumor subtypes in future clinical trials should be considered.

TL;DR: A cell therapy using an ex vivo‐generated regulatory T‐cell‐enriched cell product is safe and effective for drug minimization and operational tolerance induction in living donor liver recipients with nonimmunological liver diseases.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that NR prevents and reverts NAFLD by inducing a sirtuin (SIRT)1‐ and SIRT3‐dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response, triggering an adaptive mitohormetic pathway to increase hepatic β‐oxidation and mitochondrial complex content and activity.

TL;DR: The prognosis of PBC patients can be accurately evaluated using the UK‐PBC risk scores, which may be used to identify high‐risk patients for closer monitoring and second‐line therapies, as well as low‐ risk patients who could potentially be followed up in primary care.

TL;DR: Antiviral therapy improves HBV suppression and reduces MTCT in women with chronic HBV infection with high viral load compared to the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccination alone; theUse of telbivudine, lamivUDine, and tenofovir appears to be safe in pregnancy with no increased adverse maternal or fetal outcome.

TL;DR: The all‐oral regimen of DCV‐SOF‐RBV was well tolerated and resulted in high and similar SVR12 after 12 or 16 weeks of treatment among genotype 3‐infected patients with advanced liver disease, irrespective of past HCV treatment experience.

TL;DR: Sarcopenia is associated with significant liver fibrosis in subjects with NAFLD, and the association is independent of obesity and insulin resistance.

TL;DR: In this large population‐based study of older adults, LSM ≥8.0 kPa, suggestive of clinically relevant fibrosis, was present in 5.6% of participants and was strongly associated with steatosis and DM.

TL;DR: Rubicon is overexpressed and plays a pathogenic role in NAFLD by accelerating hepatocellular lipoapoptosis and lipid accumulation, as well as inhibiting autophagy.

TL;DR: Human livers of ALF patients requiring liver transplantation reveal increased CD68+ hepatic macrophage numbers with massive infiltrates of periportal CCR2+ macrophages that display a proinflammatory polarization, and the pharmacological inhibition of either CCL2 or C CR2 might bear therapeutic potential by reducing the inflammatory reaction during the early phase of AILI.

TL;DR: Tumor differentiation and cancer‐related symptoms of HCC can be used to select patients with advanced HCC who are appropriate candidates for liver transplantation; alpha‐fetoprotein level limitations should be incorporated in the listing criteria for patients within or beyond the Milan criteria.

TL;DR: A significant proportion of patients with a very high risk of CSPH, and a population with avery low risk of VNT can be identified with simple, noninvasive tests, suggesting that these can be used to individualize medical care.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of hepatic lipid metabolism, genetic background, diet, and physical activity on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and show that weight loss is the most effective way to promote liver fat removal.

TL;DR: SVR12 rates for sofosbuvir‐based DAA regimens in HCV‐MCS were 83%, significantly higher than historical controls treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin; patients with glomerulonephritis experienced improvement in renal function, including those not concomitantly treated with immunosuppression.

TL;DR: Patients with cirrhosis and very early iCCA may become candidates for liver transplantation; a prospective multicenter clinical trial is needed to further confirm these results.