Showing papers in "Hepatology in 2018"

TL;DR: This guidance provides a data-supported approach to the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of NAFLD care.

TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about concrete mechanical properties such as E-modulus and compressive strength.

TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about concrete mechanical properties such as E-modulus and compressive strength.

TL;DR: This AASLD 2018 Hepatitis B Guidance provides a data-supported approach to screening, prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management of patients with hepatitis B.

TL;DR: With continued high rates of adult obesity and DM along with an aging population, NAFLD‐related liver disease and mortality will increase in the United States and strategies to slow the growth ofNAFLD cases and therapeutic options are necessary to mitigate disease burden.

TL;DR: Methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N6‐adenosine methyltransferase, was significantly up‐regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple solid tumors and suggest an important mechanism of epigenetic alteration in liver carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: After 1 year of CVC treatment, twice as many subjects achieved improvement in fibrosis and no worsening of SH compared with placebo, and these findings warrant phase 3 evaluation.

TL;DR: Selonsertib may reduce liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and stage 2‐3 fibrosis and there were no significant differences in adverse events between the treatment groups.

TL;DR: This American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 Practice Guidance on Primary Biliary Cholangitis is an update of the PBC guidelines published in 2009, and provides a data-supported approach to screening, diagnosis, and clinical management of patients with PBC.

TL;DR: Pharmacological inhibition of CCR2+ monocyte recruitment efficiently ameliorates insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, corroborating the therapeutic potential of CVC in patients with NASH.

TL;DR: CT, extracellular contrast–enhanced MRI, or gadoxetate‐enhancedMRI could not be definitively preferred for HCC diagnosis in patients with cirrhosis; in patientsWith cirrhotic patients and an indeterminate mass, there were insufficient data comparing biopsy to repeat cross‐sectional imaging or alternative imaging.

TL;DR: A mechanism in which activation of intestinal FXR shaped the gut microbiota to activate TGR5/GLP‐1 signaling to improve hepatic glucose and insulin sensitivity and increase adipose tissue browning is uncovered; the gut microbiome plays a critical role in bile acid metabolism and signaling to regulate metabolic homeostasis in health and disease.

TL;DR: Two‐dimensional shear wave elastography has good to excellent performance for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B; further prospective studies are needed for head‐to‐head comparison between 2D‐SWE and other imaging modalities to establish disease‐specific appropriate cutoff points for assessment of fibrosis stage.

TL;DR: The immune microenvironment of HCC can be classified into three immunosubtypes (Immune‐high, Immune‐mid, and Immune-low) with additional prognostic impact on histological and molecular classification of H CC.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role and utility of MRI-PDFF as a quantitative and noninvasive imaging-based biomarker in early-phase NASH trials, including potential sample size reduction.

TL;DR: NAFLD is associated with significantly altered circulating BA composition, likely unaffected by type 2 diabetes, and correlated with histological features of NASh; these observations provide the foundation for future hypothesis‐driven studies of specific effects of BAs on specific aspects of NASH.

TL;DR: Over the next 5 years, some of these regimens are expected to provide potential new treatment options for patients with NASH/NAFLD, and several important secondary endpoints, including noninvasive biomarkers, long‐term outcomes, and patient‐reported outcomes must be considered.

TL;DR: The findings implicate NETs in the protumorigenic inflammatory environment in NASh, suggesting that their elimination may reduce the progression of liver cancer in NASH.

TL;DR: A number of noninvasive modalities to diagnose NASH and stage liver fibrosis are being developed as mentioned in this paper, including predictive models (NAFLD fibrosis score) and serum biomarkers such as enhanced Liver fibrosis (ELF), which are used to estimate liver stiffness as a potential surrogate of hepatic fibrosis.

TL;DR: Increased plasma AA concentrations were observed mainly in subjects with obesity and NAFLD, likely as a consequence of increased IR and protein catabolism, and the GSG‐index is a possible marker of severity of liver disease independent of body mass index.

TL;DR: A serum metabolite biomarker panel including phenylalanyl‐tryptophan and glycocholate was defined and exhibits good diagnostic performance for the early detection of HCC from at‐risk populations.

TL;DR: Hepatoma cell‐secreted exosomal miR‐103 increases vascular permeability and promotes tumor metastasis by targeting multiple endothelial junction proteins, which highlights secreted miR•103 as a potential therapeutic target and a predictive marker for HCC metastasis.

TL;DR: It is recommended that diagnosis is based on routine histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E); immunostains are supportive, but not essential for diagnosis.

TL;DR: Incidence of NAFLD diagnosis in the community has increased 5‐fold, particularly in young adults, and incident MC attenuates the impact ofNAFLD on death and annuls its impact on CV disease.

TL;DR: The diagnostic accuracy of CAP for the detection of hepatic steatosis is more reliable when the IQR of CAP is <30 dB/m, and these data have implications for the clinical use of CAP in the assessment of NAFLD.

TL;DR: The incidence of HBsAg seroclearance after stopping Nuc was much higher than that during therapy and highest in patients without virologic and clinical relapse; patients with clinical relapse who remained untreated had a 7.34 times higher incidence ofHBsAg clearance than those who received retreatment, suggesting that transient untreated clinical relapse may drive sufficient immune control to functional cure.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that hepatic CSCs at the single‐cell level are phenotypically, functionally, and transcriptomically heterogeneous, and Interestingly, distinct genes within different CSC subpopulations are independently associated with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis, suggesting that a diverse hepaticCSC transcriptome affects intratumor heterogeneity and tumor progression.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors predicted the future burden of primary liver cancer (PLC) in 30 countries around 2030 using age-period-cohort models (NORDPRED software).

TL;DR: OCA monotherapy significantly improved alkaline phosphatase and other biochemical markers predictive of improved long‐term clinical outcomes, and improved many secondary and exploratory endpoints.

TL;DR: Stellate cell‐derived EVs are loaded with therapeutic nucleic acids and delivered in vivo, and messenger RNA targets for miR‐335 that are down‐regulated after treatment with EV‐miR‐ 335‐5p are identified.