Showing papers in "Human Movement Science in 1991"

TL;DR: The gait analysis laboratory provides quantified assessments of human locomotion which assist in the orthopaedic management of various pediatric gait pathologies by utilizing a video-based data collection strategy similar to commercially available systems for motion data collection.

TL;DR: It is argued that handwriting basically is a multi-component task, which implies that the production of writing strokes is the overt manifestation of divergent cognitive, psychomotor and biophysical processes.

TL;DR: This paper examined the influence of instructional set and vision on the kinematics and end-point accuracy of a simple target-aiming movement and found that the visual control of aiming may occur in a continuous fashion.

TL;DR: Two neural network modules that form part of an emerging theory of how adaptive control of goal-directed sensory-motor skills is achieved by humans and other animals are described.

TL;DR: The so-called helical angles is proposed as a suitable candidate for angular parameterization, since it avoids the disadvantages of other angular parameterizations.

TL;DR: Stelmach et al. as mentioned in this paper used the Nijmegen University Research Pool (SW4/88) for statistical support, Hein Tibosch for designing and implementing some of the algorithms, and Halya Czerepacha for textual help.

TL;DR: Experiments are described aiming at the determination of both instrumental inaccuracies and artifacts due to the movement of skin markers with respect to the underlying bone in the context of clinical gait analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the writing of 7 young, 7 elderly, and 7 (non-tremorous) patients with Parkinson's disease, and found that Parkinson's causes problems producing smooth movements rather than problems in controlling stroke length or duration per se.

TL;DR: A computer simulation is used to demonstrate that the effects of static and sliding friction may be subtle but can significantly alter the dynamics of pen control, and to explore hypotheses on human strategies which may reduce the disruptive effects of friction.

TL;DR: A frame-by-frame analysis of videorecordings of hand and finger movements indicates that the two anatomical subsystems cooperate consistently and predictably during the production of different movement directions.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of verbal knowledge of results (KR) during learning was compared in four experiments that involved learning a coincidence-anticipation timing skill requiring a striking action for one stimulus speed or three randomly presented stimulus speeds.

TL;DR: In this paper, a disability is discussed in terms of a breakdown of skills, and an assessment approach in which motor aspects and cognitive aspects are integrated is given for a better understanding of disability.

TL;DR: In this paper, arm segment velocities of 12 athletes throwing three differently weighted balls were analyzed by threemode principal component analysis and individual differences were characterized in terms of the combined influences of the phases of the throwing motion and the arm segment velocity relationships established in those phases.

TL;DR: It is suggested that some of the subjects move their hand towards a ‘default’ target location when information about the visual target is not yet available.

TL;DR: A psysiological control model for partitioning resultant elbow moments into their constituent muscular forces is described and antagonist force predictions refine the ability to describe muscle function at a joint and allow more realistic estimation of joint contact forces.

TL;DR: The results support the idea that a generation model with anistropic properties reflecting the global interaction among the various muscles and nerves involved in the process seems to be more appropriate to study handwriting.

TL;DR: A reaction-time and kinematic analysis of the movements involved in reproducing a well-defined set of geometrical patterns shows that rule-governed copying is clearly reflected by the latency and kenematic measures.

TL;DR: Preoperative and postoperative gait analyses provide the orthopaedic surgeon with data from which neurologic patterns can be determined and various surgical protocols be designed and assessed.

TL;DR: Finger tremor increased in 12 subjects during prolonged contractions of extensor digitorum, consistent with decreases contributing to enhanced 8–12 Hz tremor.

TL;DR: This article found that the experienced group exhibited higher relative variability of backswing duration than the novice group, which may result from the joint effects of players visually controlling movement during its execution and the experienced subjects' earlier pick-up of relevant information for visual control.

TL;DR: In this article, the knee joint angle was measured in cross-modal and intramodal matching tasks, and the angle reference value was found to affect the magnitude and sign of error variably depending on the task.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a simple method for screening early signs of derangement in higher cortical functions in aged subjects by means of simple graphic tests and found that copying a three-dimensional cube was the most sensitive to cognitive derangements and signature writing the least sensitive.

TL;DR: It is concluded that connectionists have failed to exploit the full potential of the properties inherent in a thermodynamic model of self-organization, and an appeal to the constructive role of the Second Law as it operates on open systems can account for important features of organized activity.

TL;DR: Gait analysis aimed at clinical application in rehabilitation should be directed at objectification of consequences of impairments on the level of disabilities as conceptualized by the World Health Organization in the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used within-word letter position (as suggested by Wing 1979) and preceding allographic context (Ellis 1982) to study their effects on the allograph selection process and found that nine subjects showed allographic variation of at least one grapheme as a function of letter position and only four showed such an effect as a result of the preceding context.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new computerized system, CODA-3, which locates small prismatic markers and computes by triangulation their 3D position at 100 Hz, was used to monitor movement of the head and upper arms of 10 subjects engaged in speech during a naturalistic interview.

TL;DR: In this article, three experiments were undertaken to assess whether differential amounts of time would be required to prepare and initiate repetitive finger tapping movements which varied in temporal structure and the durations of the intervals between each tap were manipulated so that the patterns could be perceived as 'beat-based', 'nonsystematic' or 'isochronous'.