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Showing papers in "Ibm Systems Journal in 1980"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive interactive graphic system that provides an environment for development and execution of graphic applications that features an interactive graphic command language, a hierarchical structure of system, semantics, and storage, a set-oriented data concept, and library facilities is described.
Abstract: The development of interactive graphic application programs, designed for fast response, high productivity, and moderate system load, is dificult and time-consuming. Therefore, a structured approach has to be employed using function distribution in system design and application support program development. This paper describes a comprehensive interactive graphic system that provides an environment for development and execution of graphic applications. It features an interactive graphic command language, a hierarchical structure of system, semantics, and storage, a set-oriented data concept, and library facilities.

119 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Software engineering may be defined as the systematic design and development of software products and the management of the software process.
Abstract: Software engineering may be defined as the systematic design and development of software products and the management of the software process. Software engineering has as one of its primary objectiv...

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
L. Bronner1
TL;DR: An overview of techniques available to address capacity planning in the production data processing environment is presented and modeling and prediction are placed in perspective with the overall objectives of the capacity planning process.
Abstract: An overview of techniques available to address capacity planning in the production data processing environment is presented. The production data processing system is briefly described and its capacity is quantified. The measurement tools, reports, and data required to implement a capacity planning program are discussed. Modeling and prediction are placed in perspective with the overall objectives of the capacity planning process. Personnel (managerial and technical) and organization considerations are also discussed.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper surveys some aspects of data base security, with emphasis on basic priciples and ways to express security requirements, and the models are used to compare the security features of some date base management systems.
Abstract: This paper surveys some aspects of data base security, with emphasis on basic priciples and ways to express security requirements, Security policies and theoretical models are considered in detail, and the models are used to compare the security features of some date base management systems.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An experimental interactive system called LPMODEL simplifies the development of linear programming models and provides a nonprocedural language for constructing a model in terminology that is natural to the problem, using ordinary algebraic expressions.
Abstract: The use of linear programming is impeded by the effort required to express a model as a matrix and to collect and handle data. An experimental interactive system called LPMODEL simplifies the development of linear programming models. It frees the user from the necessity of expressing the model as a matrix LPMODEL provides a nonprocedural language for constructing a model in terminology that is natural to the problem, using ordinary algebraic expressions. With this language, the user can express a model concisely by generic constraints which the system interprets in conjunction with a data base to generate a concrete model for optimization. The design of the system and its terminology and data base subsystems are discussed. An informal description is given of the modeling language which involves both ordinary arithmetic operations and symbolic operations with associated semantics. Experience with the system in agricultural modeling is described.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
P. H. Seaman1
TL;DR: Characteristics of a good planning aid are emphasized with the analytic model serving as the example.
Abstract: Various aids and tools are used in capacity planning. One such aid, an analytic model, is discussed in this paper. Both the decisions made in the development of an aid and the way the aid is used are examined. Characteristics of a good planning aid are emphasized with the analytic model serving as the example.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To improve the readability of programs over existing techniques, a new program representation termed GREENPRINT has been developed and is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: To improve the readability of programs over existing techniques, a new program representation termed GREENPRINT has been developed and is discussed in this paper. GREENPRINTs (the name taken from the phosphor fluorescence of certain display terminals and paralleling the term blueprints) are tree-structured diagrams together with source code statements that represent the control structure of programs. Discussed in this paper are the diagramming conventions, control flow methodology, presentation graphics, and practical experience with GREENPRINTs.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
D. C. Schiller1
TL;DR: The performance of MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) systems can be predicted for changes in workload and environment by an IBM marketing aid informally called SCAPE (for System Capacity and Performance Evaluation) written in FORTRAN.
Abstract: The performance of MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) systems can be predicted for changes in workload and environment by an IBM marketing aid informally called SCAPE (for System Capacity and Performance Evaluation). Written in FORTRAN, the programs use simple queuing formulas with empirical modifications. Response times for complex workload(IMS, CICS, TSO, and batch) through the CPU and auxiliary storage are expressed as functions of application loads and other parameters that define the system's environment. SCAPE can predict the effect on performance of different CPU models, larger memory, additional channels, additional direct-access storage, larger block sizes, and alternate workload projections.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
H. C. Nguyen1, A. Ockene1, R. Revell1, W. J. Skwish1
TL;DR: FIVE provides sufficient detail to permit capacityplanning decisions to be made quickly and accurately, and without disrupting an ongoing operation.
Abstract: In summary, FIVE provides sufficient detail to permit capacityplanning decisions to be made quickly and accurately, and without disrupting an ongoing operation. New applications can be accommodated, volume growth of existing applications can be planned for, and the effects of system changes can be assessed. The latter include such diverse elements as conversion from BSC to SDLC, screen and controller configuration on a line, installation of faster line scanners in the TCU, changing the printer mode from data stream compatibility to SNA character string, and conversion of disk I/O to fixed-block architecture.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
M. Dyer1
TL;DR: This paper in five parts discusses the principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software.
Abstract: Software engineering may be defined as the systematic design and development of software products and the management of the software process. Software engineering has as one of its primary objectives the production of programs that meet specifications, and are demonstrably accurate, produced on time, and within budget. This paper in five parts discusses the principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software. Part IV, on software engineering development practices, discusses a methodology for translating designs into software products. The subject is treated under two main headings, code management and integration engineering. These are rigorous methods for building the parts and integrating them into the whole software product that meets the design specifications.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper provides an architectural overview followed by a description with an example of CRT (cathode ray tube) screen and print format design and coding and an examination of a data collection list to demonstrate the power of that facility.
Abstract: Application development productivity is a broad-based concern. A system answering this concern is the IBM Health Care Support/ DL/I-Patient Care System announced by IBM in late 1977. The system is of general importance because its application development system architecture is not application specific and thus can be used for the rapid development of many types of on-line systems. It has an elegant simplicity, and it uses the standard facilities of such operating system components as CICS/VS and DL/I. The application productivity has been clearly and successfully demonstrated in the real working environment of the Dallas County Hospital District (Parkland Memorial Hospital) and other sites. The paper provides an architectural overview followed by a description with an example of CRT (cathode ray tube) screen and print format design and coding and an examination of a data collection list to demonstrate the power of that facility.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. C. Cooper1
TL;DR: Methods for estimating workload growth are outlined and a simple graphic presentation procedure is included to communicate the results of a study to those who need the information for making business decisions.
Abstract: Discussed is a capacity planning procedure called USAGE. Various business elements to be individually measured and tracked are presented. Outlined are methods for estimating workload growth. Separate limits of capacity for on-line workload and batch workload demand are discussed. A simple graphic presentation procedure is included to communicate the results of a study to those who need the information for making business decisions.

Journal ArticleDOI
D. O'Neill1
TL;DR: The principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software, and an educational program whereby this discipline with its principles and Practices has been made teachable are presented.
Abstract: Software engineering may be defined as the systematic design and development of software products and the management of the software process. Software engineering has as one of its primary objectives the production of programs that meet specifications, and are demonstrably accurate, produced on time, and within budget. This paper in five parts discusses the principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software. Part II, on the software engineering program, deals with the architecture of the new discipline. Discussed is the underlying concept of the software development life cycle. Based upon this foundation are a series of formally documented practices that set forth the specifics of software design, development, and management methods, which are presented in this paper. Also presented is an educational program whereby this discipline with its principles and practices has been made teachable.

Journal ArticleDOI
R. M. Schardt1
TL;DR: A set of guidelines to help MVS installations avoid performance problems are suggested, along with an approach to tuning an MVS system, which can help a performance analyst isolate the cause of a performance problem.
Abstract: Experience contributes important knowledge in many procedures. From the experience gained in tuning the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) operating system, a set of guidelines to help MVS installations avoid performance problems are suggested, along with an approach to tuning an MVS system. The guidelines can help a performance analyst isolate the cause of a performance problem. Not all possible problems that might be encountered are included. It is found that most MVS performance problems are a result of poor workload management and are often related to I/O activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of existing graphical support and requirements for high-level support of graphical interaction shows inclusion of a database management system in graphical software support to be helpful in meeting the requirements of interactive graphical application programs.
Abstract: Pointing at items on a graphics display is one of the most useful methods of interacting with a system graphically. This paper examines existing graphical support and lists requirements for high-level support of graphical interaction. The architecture of a prototype system with high-level support for graphical interaction is presented. This includes database support for manipulating graphical data and device-independent graphical support based on a proposed standard for graphical interaction. Algorithms are presented for identifying items selected from a display by the user. Inclusion of a database management system in graphical software support is shown to be helpful in meeting the requirements of interactive graphical application programs.

Journal ArticleDOI
R. E. Quinnan1
TL;DR: The principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software are discussed.
Abstract: Software engineering may be defined as the systematic design and development of software products and the management of the software process. Software engineering has as one of its primary objectives the production of programs that meet specifications, and are demonstrably accurate, produced on time, and within budget. This paper in five parts discusses the principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software. Part V deals with the management of software engineering, which is primarily the intellectual control of the whole software engineering process. Intellectual control is brought about by a technical review strategy, a cost management approach, and a project environment for effective software development.

Journal ArticleDOI
A. G. Konheim1, M. H. Mack1, R. K. McNeill1, B. Tuckerman1, G. Waldbaum1 
TL;DR: The Information Protection System (IPS), a set of cryptographic application programs designed to use the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm in a working computing center, is discussed.
Abstract: Cryptographic methods of data protection have taken on new importance as computers have become faster and as strong cryptographic algorithms, such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES), have become available. But a standard encipherment technique is only the first step in applying cryptography in a computing center. This paper discusses the Information Protection System (IPS), a set of cryptographic application programs designed to use the DES algorithm in a working computing center. In designing IPS, several important augmentations of DES were formulated. IPS was first implemented to help increase computing-center security at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center and is now widely installed at other IBM locations. IPS is not an IBM product and is not available for use outside IBM, but many cryptographic techniques in IPS were incorporated into the IBM cryptographic products announced in 1977.

Journal ArticleDOI
Richard C. Linger1
TL;DR: The principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software are discussed.
Abstract: Software engineering may be defined as the systematic design and development of software products and the management of the software process. Software engineering has as one of its primary objectives the production of programs that meet specifications, and are demonstrably accurate, produced on time, and within budget. This paper in five parts discusses the principles and practices used by the IBM Federal Systems Division for the design, development, and management of software. Part III, on software engineering design practices, deals with activities bounded by requirements definition on one side and program implementation on the other. Three levels of design practices are defined, dealing with construction and verification of software systems, modules within systems, and individual programs. At each stagae, new level of mathematical rigor and precision for creating and evaluating software designs is introduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. R. Leach1, R. D. Campenni1
TL;DR: The management functions included in this sidestream processor tool relate to problem management, change management, project scheduling and tracking, network control, and network configuration.
Abstract: The term management implies the achievement of objectives through effective use of resources. Management style relates to the various approaches used in pursuit of those same objectives. There can be various management tools contributing to an effective management solution. In this article we will be discussing one such tool. This management tool rejects an approach to communication systems management in which the management functions are physically separated from the host computers driving a communications network. These management functions are packaged on a small IBM processor base (i.e., sidestream processor) and designed for use in a centralized network management center environment. The management functions included in this sidestream processor tool relate to problem management, change management, project scheduling and tracking, network control, and network configuration.

Journal ArticleDOI
R. D. Gordon1
TL;DR: A system for generating application program packages for use on small computers can produce both questionnaire-tailored packages for individual users and standard packages for general distribution.
Abstract: A system for generating application program packages for use on small computers can produce both questionnaire-tailored packages for individual users and standard packages for general distribution.

Journal ArticleDOI
R. S. Burchi1
TL;DR: The author surveys the range of applications from the visual arts to the visualization of theoretical mathematical models to the simulation of aircraft and ship navigation and proposed standards that apply to them.
Abstract: Mapped out is the field of interactive computer graphics technology. The author surveys the range of applications from the visual arts to the visualization of theoretical mathematical models to the simulation of aircraft and ship navigation. Hardware and software are explored. Also outlined are interactive graphics data bases, data structures, and proposed standards that apply to them.

Journal ArticleDOI
C. T. Baker1
TL;DR: A procedure for controlling the interdependencies and nodal autonomies with a logical distribution of applications and their data is described with data obtained from an on-line operations planning and control system at a steel mill.
Abstract: A distributed data processing system is composed of a set of nodes that are interdependent yet capable of operating autonomously This paper describes a procedure for controlling the interdependencies and nodal autonomies with a logical distribution of applications and their data The procedure is illustrated with data that were obtained from an on-line operations planning and control system at a steel mill

Journal ArticleDOI
W. H. Niehoff1, Alan L. Jones1
TL;DR: This work discussed the evolution of a graphic support package using APL as the command language for producing data in pictorial form up to its currently available forms.
Abstract: Producing data in pictorial form is a type of computer graphics application known as presentation graphics One approach that has been used for this type of graphics is a graphic support package using APL as the command language Here discussed is the evolution of this approach up to its currently available forms

Journal ArticleDOI
D. F. McManigal1, D. A. Stevenson1
TL;DR: The architecture of the Graphics Attachment is described, both functional structure and rationale, both for low-cost, moderate-performance interactive graphics and for nonarchitectural characteristics.
Abstract: The IBM 3277 Graphics Attachment is an interactive computer graphics workstation using a dual-screen concept. A storage display monitor is attached to an IBM 3277 Display Station, the combination providing low-cost, moderate-performance interactive graphics. This paper describes the architecture of the Graphics Attachment, both functional structure and rationale. Nonarchitectural characteristics are also considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An experimental character-Graphic art program is described that demonstrates the potential of the IBM 3800 for printing a restricted set of character-graphic art documents and permits line art to be included in formatted text documents.
Abstract: The economic advantages of printing internal-use documents on a raster printer have usually been limited to purely numeric and text documents. This paper describes an experimental character-graphic art program that demonstrates the potential of the IBM 3800 for printing a restricted set of character-graphic art documents. A special character set is outlined, as well as an algorithm that selects those characters from the set that best approximate any straight line. This character-graphic algorithm permits line art to be included in formatted text documents. There is no manual artwork or paste-up in the document output. The artwork for this paper has been reproduced from material printed by the technique discussed, although the body text has been reset from the 3800 output.

Journal ArticleDOI
E. S. Harrison1
TL;DR: The Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX) operating system has network configuration requirements and the way in which they are met, including those that result from the various configurations possible with a DPPX system are discussed.
Abstract: The Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX) operating system has network configuration requirements placed on it. This paper discusses those requirements and the way in which they are met, including those that result from the various configurations possible with a DPPX system. In addition, the unique way in which terminal resources are supported in DPPX and the dynamic approach to resource definition in the DPPX system are described. Finally, application definition and application usage of the network configuration capabilities of DPPX are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
S. W. Handelman1
TL;DR: This paper describes techniques for producing three types of graphics: halftone pictures, line drawings, and solid-filled areas for camera-ready text and graphics.
Abstract: Discussed are a graphics system and a high-resolution printer that provide scientists with a means of producing camera-ready text and graphics. This paper describes techniques for producing three types of graphics: halftone pictures, line drawings, and solid-filled areas. An overview of the software system is also presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents an alternative approach that is based primarily on the analysis of the contention in the system and focuses on the queuing delay time of the users and their activities when accessing the system resources.
Abstract: Many existing monitors that are intended to assist in system tuning are based on the utilization approach which focuses on the active time of the system resources and activities and their users. This paper presents an alternative approach that is based primarily on the analysis of the contention in the system. The focus here is on the queuing delay time of the users and their activities when accessing the system resources. Utilization and contention are two different ways of looking at the system. The two approaches complement each other, yet each may serve a different purpose or address different performance objectives. A prototype monitor was implemented on MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) to produce the information necessary to continue investigations in contention analysis.