Showing papers in "IEEE Communications Magazine in 2017"
TL;DR: A systematic treatment of non-orthogonal multiple access, from its combination with MIMO technologies to cooperative NOMA, as well as the interplay between N OMA and cognitive radio is provided.
Abstract: As the latest member of the multiple access family, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recently proposed for 3GPP LTE and is envisioned to be an essential component of 5G mobile networks. The key feature of NOMA is to serve multiple users at the same time/frequency/ code, but with different power levels, which yields a significant spectral efficiency gain over conventional orthogonal MA. The article provides a systematic treatment of this newly emerging technology, from its combination with MIMO technologies to cooperative NOMA, as well as the interplay between NOMA and cognitive radio. This article also reviews the state of the art in the standardization activities concerning the implementation of NOMA in LTE and 5G networks.
1,687 citations
TL;DR: An impartial and fair overview of the capabilities and limitations of LoRaWAN is provided, which are discussed in the context of use cases, and list open research and development questions.
Abstract: Low-power wide area networking technology offers long-range communication, which enables new types of services. Several solutions exist; LoRaWAN is arguably the most adopted. It promises ubiquitous connectivity in outdoor IoT applications, while keeping network structures and management simple. This technology has received a lot of attention in recent months from network operators and solution providers. However, the technology has limitations that need to be clearly understood to avoid inflated expectations and disillusionment. This article provides an impartial and fair overview of the capabilities and limitations of LoRaWAN. We discuss those in the context of use cases, and list open research and development questions.
1,125 citations
TL;DR: The state of the art in 5G network slicing is reviewed and a framework for bringing together and discussing existing work in a holistic manner is presented, to evaluate the maturity of current proposals and identify a number of open research questions.
Abstract: 5G is envisioned to be a multi-service network supporting a wide range of verticals with a diverse set of performance and service requirements. Slicing a single physical network into multiple isolated logical networks has emerged as a key to realizing this vision. This article is meant to act as a survey, the first to the authors� knowledge, on this topic of prime interest. We begin by reviewing the state of the art in 5G network slicing and present a framework for bringing together and discussing existing work in a holistic manner. Using this framework, we evaluate the maturity of current proposals and identify a number of open research questions.
815 citations
TL;DR: A taxonomy of hybrid multiple-antenna transceivers in terms of the required channel state information is provided, that is, whether the processing adapts to the instantaneous or average (second-order)Channel state information; while the former provides somewhat better signal- to-noise and interference ratio, the latter has much lower overhead for CSI acquisition.
Abstract: Hybrid multiple-antenna transceivers, which combine large-dimensional analog pre/postprocessing with lower-dimensional digital processing, are the most promising approach for reducing the hardware cost and training overhead in massive MIMO systems. This article provides a comprehensive survey of the various incarnations of such structures that have been proposed in the literature. We provide a taxonomy in terms of the required channel state information, that is, whether the processing adapts to the instantaneous or average (second-order) channel state information; while the former provides somewhat better signal- to-noise and interference ratio, the latter has much lower overhead for CSI acquisition. We furthermore distinguish hardware structures of different complexities. Finally, we point out the special design aspects for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies.
798 citations
TL;DR: The design challenges and proposed solutions for the radio interface and network architecture to fulfill latency critical IoT applications requirements are discussed, which mainly benefit from flexibility and service-centric approaches.
Abstract: Next generation mobile networks not only envision enhancing the traditional MBB use case but also aim to meet the requirements of new use cases, such as the IoT. This article focuses on latency critical IoT applications and analyzes their requirements. We discuss the design challenges and propose solutions for the radio interface and network architecture to fulfill these requirements, which mainly benefit from flexibility and service-centric approaches. The article also discusses new business opportunities through IoT connectivity enabled by future networks.
746 citations
TL;DR: A real-time, context-aware collaboration framework that lies at the edge of the RAN, comprising MEC servers and mobile devices, and amalgamates the heterogeneous resources at theedge is envisions.
Abstract: MEC is an emerging paradigm that provides computing, storage, and networking resources within the edge of the mobile RAN. MEC servers are deployed on a generic computing platform within the RAN, and allow for delay-sensitive and context-aware applications to be executed in close proximity to end users. This paradigm alleviates the backhaul and core network and is crucial for enabling low-latency, high-bandwidth, and agile mobile services. This article envisions a real-time, context-aware collaboration framework that lies at the edge of the RAN, comprising MEC servers and mobile devices, and amalgamates the heterogeneous resources at the edge. Specifically, we introduce and study three representative use cases ranging from mobile edge orchestration, collaborative caching and processing, and multi-layer interference cancellation. We demonstrate the promising benefits of the proposed approaches in facilitating the evolution to 5G networks. Finally, we discuss the key technical challenges and open research issues that need to be addressed in order to efficiently integrate MEC into the 5G ecosystem.
700 citations
TL;DR: The possible ITS applications that can use UAVs are described, and the potential and challenges for UAV-enabled ITS for next-generation smart cities are highlighted.
Abstract: There could be no smart city without a reliable and efficient transportation system. This necessity makes the ITS a key component of any smart city concept. While legacy ITS technologies are deployed worldwide in smart cities, enabling the next generation of ITS relies on effective integration of connected and autonomous vehicles, the two technologies that are under wide field testing in many cities around the world. Even though these two emerging technologies are crucial in enabling fully automated transportation systems, there is still a significant need to automate other road and transportation components. To this end, due to their mobility, autonomous operation, and communication/processing capabilities, UAVs are envisaged in many ITS application domains. This article describes the possible ITS applications that can use UAVs, and highlights the potential and challenges for UAV-enabled ITS for next-generation smart cities.
683 citations
TL;DR: This article presents the network slicing concept, with a particular focus on its application to 5G systems, and analyzes a proposal from ETSI to incorporate the capabilities of SDN into the NFV architecture.
Abstract: The fifth generation of mobile communications is anticipated to open up innovation opportunities for new industries such as vertical markets. However, these verticals originate myriad use cases with diverging requirements that future 5G networks have to efficiently support. Network slicing may be a natural solution to simultaneously accommodate, over a common network infrastructure, the wide range of services that vertical- specific use cases will demand. In this article, we present the network slicing concept, with a particular focus on its application to 5G systems. We start by summarizing the key aspects that enable the realization of so-called network slices. Then we give a brief overview on the SDN architecture proposed by the ONF and show that it provides tools to support slicing. We argue that although such architecture paves the way for network slicing implementation, it lacks some essential capabilities that can be supplied by NFV. Hence, we analyze a proposal from ETSI to incorporate the capabilities of SDN into the NFV architecture. Additionally, we present an example scenario that combines SDN and NFV technologies to address the realization of network slices. Finally, we summarize the open research issues with the purpose of motivating new advances in this field.
633 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that blockchain (BC), a disruptive technology that has found many applications from cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, is a potential solution to these challenges and is proposed a BC-based architecture to protect the privacy of users and to increase the security of the vehicular ecosystem.
Abstract: Interconnected smart vehicles offer a range of sophisticated services that benefit the vehicle owners, transport authorities, car manufacturers, and other service providers. This potentially exposes smart vehicles to a range of security and privacy threats such as location tracking or remote hijacking of the vehicle. In this article, we argue that blockchain (BC), a disruptive technology that has found many applications from cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, is a potential solution to these challenges. We propose a BC-based architecture to protect the privacy of users and to increase the security of the vehicular ecosystem. Wireless remote software updates and other emerging services such as dynamic vehicle insurance fees are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed security architecture. We also qualitatively argue the resilience of the architecture against common security attacks.
627 citations
TL;DR: A high-level view of a UAV-based integrative IoT platform for the delivery of IoT services from large height, along with the overall system orchestrator, is presented and how UAVs can be used for crowd surveillance based on face recognition is demonstrated.
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles are gaining a lot of popularity among an ever growing community of amateurs as well as service providers. Emerging technologies, such as LTE 4G/5G networks and mobile edge computing, will widen the use case scenarios of UAVs. In this article, we discuss the potential of UAVs, equipped with IoT devices, in delivering IoT services from great heights. A high-level view of a UAV-based integrative IoT platform for the delivery of IoT services from large height, along with the overall system orchestrator, is presented in this article. As an envisioned use case of the platform, the article demonstrates how UAVs can be used for crowd surveillance based on face recognition. To evaluate the use case, we study the offloading of video data processing to a MEC node compared to the local processing of video data onboard UAVs. For this, we developed a testbed consisting of a local processing node and one MEC node. To perform face recognition, the Local Binary Pattern Histogram method from the Open Source Computer Vision is used. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the MEC-based offloading approach in saving the scarce energy of UAVs, reducing the processing time of recognition, and promptly detecting suspicious persons.
613 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a logical architecture for network-slicing-based 5G systems is introduced, and a scheme for managing mobility between different access networks, as well as a joint power and subchannel allocation scheme in spectrum sharing two-tier systems based on network slicing, where both the co-tier interference and crosstier interference are taken into account.
Abstract: 5G networks are expected to be able to satisfy users' different QoS requirements. Network slicing is a promising technology for 5G networks to provide services tailored for users' specific QoS demands. Driven by the increased massive wireless data traffic from different application scenarios, efficient resource allocation schemes should be exploited to improve the flexibility of network resource allocation and capacity of 5G networks based on network slicing. Due to the diversity of 5G application scenarios, new mobility management schemes are greatly needed to guarantee seamless handover in network-slicing-based 5G systems. In this article, we introduce a logical architecture for network-slicing-based 5G systems, and present a scheme for managing mobility between different access networks, as well as a joint power and subchannel allocation scheme in spectrum-sharing two-tier systems based on network slicing, where both the co-tier interference and cross-tier interference are taken into account. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed resource allocation scheme can flexibly allocate network resources between different slices in 5G systems. Finally, several open issues and challenges in network-slicing-based 5G networks are discussed, including network reconstruction, network slicing management, and cooperation with other 5G technologies.
TL;DR: How NB-IoT addresses key IoT requirements such as deployment flexibility, low device complexity, long battery lifetime, support of massive numbers of devices in a cell, and significant coverage extension beyond existing cellular technologies is described.
Abstract: Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new cellular technology introduced in 3GPP Release 13 for providing wide-area coverage for IoT. This article provides an overview of the air interface of NB-IoT. We describe how NB-IoT addresses key IoT requirements such as deployment flexibility, low device complexity, long battery lifetime, support of massive numbers of devices in a cell, and significant coverage extension beyond existing cellular technologies. We also share the various design rationales during the standardization of NB-IoT in Release 13 and point out several open areas for future evolution of NB-IoT.
TL;DR: The main requirements of wireless interconnected VR are described followed by a selection of key enablers; then research avenues and their underlying grand challenges are presented.
Abstract: Just recently, the concept of augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) over wireless has taken the entire 5G ecosystem by storm, spurring an unprecedented interest from academia, industry, and others. However, the success of an immersive VR experience hinges on solving a plethora of grand challenges cutting across multiple disciplines. This article underscores the importance of VR technology as a disruptive use case of 5G (and beyond) harnessing the latest development of storage/ memory, fog/edge computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence, and others. In particular, the main requirements of wireless interconnected VR are described followed by a selection of key enablers; then research avenues and their underlying grand challenges are presented. Furthermore, we examine three VR case studies and provide numerical results under various storage, computing, and network configurations. Finally, this article exposes the limitations of current networks and makes the case for more theory, and innovations to spearhead VR for the masses.
TL;DR: The architecture and unique security and privacy requirements for the next generation mobile technologies on cloud-based IoT are introduced, the inappropriateness of most existing work is identified, and several interesting open problems are suggested with promising ideas to trigger more research efforts in this emerging area.
Abstract: The Internet of Things is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous computing service, requiring huge volumes of data storage and processing. Unfortunately, due to the unique characteristics of resource constraints, self-organization, and shortrange communication in IoT, it always resorts to the cloud for outsourced storage and computation, which has brought about a series of new challenging security and privacy threats. In this article, we introduce the architecture and unique security and privacy requirements for the next generation mobile technologies on cloud-based IoT, identify the inappropriateness of most existing work, and address the challenging issues of secure packet forwarding and efficient privacy preserving authentication by proposing new efficient privacy preserving data aggregation without public key homomorphic encryption. Finally, several interesting open problems are suggested with promising ideas to trigger more research efforts in this emerging area.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue for network slicing as an efficient solution that addresses the diverse requirements of 5G mobile networks, thus providing the necessary flexibility and scalability associated with future network implementations.
Abstract: We argue for network slicing as an efficient solution that addresses the diverse requirements of 5G mobile networks, thus providing the necessary flexibility and scalability associated with future network implementations. We elaborate on the challenges that emerge when designing 5G networks based on network slicing. We focus on the architectural aspects associated with the coexistence of dedicated as well as shared slices in the network. In particular, we analyze the realization options of a flexible radio access network with focus on network slicing and their impact on the design of 5G mobile networks. In addition to the technical study, this article provides an investigation of the revenue potential of network slicing, where the applications that originate from this concept and the profit capabilities from the network operator�s perspective are put forward.
TL;DR: A taxonomy is devised to best bring forth a generic overview of the IoT paradigm for smart cities, integrated ICT, network types, possible opportunities and major requirements, and the latest synergies and initiatives worldwide taken to promote IoT in the context of smart cities.
Abstract: The Internet of Things is a novel cutting edge technology that proffers to connect a plethora of digital devices endowed with several sensing, actuation, and computing capabilities with the Internet, thus offering manifold new services in the context of a smart city. The appealing IoT services and big data analytics are enabling smart city initiatives all over the world. These services are transforming cities by improving infrastructure and transportation systems, reducing traffic congestion, providing waste management, and improving the quality of human life. In this article, we devise a taxonomy to best bring forth a generic overview of the IoT paradigm for smart cities, integrated ICT, network types, possible opportunities and major requirements. Moreover, an overview of the up-to-date efforts from standard bodies is presented. Later, we give an overview of existing open source IoT platforms for realizing smart city applications followed by several exemplary case studies. In addition, we summarize the latest synergies and initiatives worldwide taken to promote IoT in the context of smart cities. Finally, we highlight several challenges in order to give future research directions.
TL;DR: This article first introduces promising smart city applications and architecture, then discusses several security and privacy challenges in these applications, and introduces some open issues for future research.
Abstract: With the flourishing and advancement of the IoT, the smart city has become an emerging paradigm, consisting of ubiquitous sensing, heterogeneous network infrastructure, and intelligent information processing and control systems. A smart city can monitor the physical world in real time, and provide intelligent services to both local residents and travelers in terms of transportation, healthcare, environment, entertainment, and energy. However, security and privacy concerns arise, since smart city applications not only collect a wide range of privacy-sensitive information from people and their social circles, but also control city facilities and influence people’s lives. In this article, we investigate security and privacy in smart city applications. Specifically, we first introduce promising smart city applications and architecture. Then we discuss several security and privacy challenges in these applications. Some research efforts are subsequently presented to address these security and privacy challenges for intelligent healthcare, transportation, and smart energy. Finally, we point out some open issues for future research.
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art development of NR is offered, including deployment scenarios, numerologies, frame structure, new waveform, multiple access, initial/random access procedure, and enhanced carrier aggregation (CA) for resource requests and data transmissions.
Abstract: Different from conventional mobile networks designed to optimize the transmission efficiency of one particular service (e.g., streaming voice/ video) primarily, the industry and academia are reaching an agreement that 5G mobile networks are projected to sustain manifold wireless requirements, including higher mobility, higher data rates, and lower latency. For this purpose, 3GPP has launched the standardization activity for the first phase 5G system in Release 15 named New Radio (NR). To fully understand this crucial technology, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art development of NR, including deployment scenarios, numerologies, frame structure, new waveform, multiple access, initial/random access procedure, and enhanced carrier aggregation (CA) for resource requests and data transmissions. The provided insights thus facilitate knowledge of design and practice for further features of NR.
TL;DR: A unifying framework for energy-efficient optimization and scheduling of IoT-based smart cities and the energy harvesting in smart cities is provided, which is a promising solution for extending the lifetime of low-power devices and its related challenges.
Abstract: The drastic increase in urbanization over the past few years requires sustainable, efficient, and smart solutions for transportation, governance, environment, quality of life, and so on. The Internet of Things offers many sophisticated and ubiquitous applications for smart cities. The energy demand of IoT applications is increased, while IoT devices continue to grow in both numbers and requirements. Therefore, smart city solutions must have the ability to efficiently utilize energy and handle the associated challenges. Energy management is considered as a key paradigm for the realization of complex energy systems in smart cities. In this article, we present a brief overview of energy management and challenges in smart cities. We then provide a unifying framework for energy-efficient optimization and scheduling of IoT-based smart cities. We also discuss the energy harvesting in smart cities, which is a promising solution for extending the lifetime of low-power devices and its related challenges. We detail two case studies. The first one targets energy-efficient scheduling in smart homes, and the second covers wireless power transfer for IoT devices in smart cities. Simulation results for the case studies demonstrate the tremendous impact of energy- efficient scheduling optimization and wireless power transfer on the performance of IoT in smart cities.
TL;DR: The proposed scheme enforces an autonomic creation of MEC services to allow anywhere anytime data access with optimum QoE and reduced latency to ensure ultra-short latency through a smart MEC architecture capable of achieving the 1 ms latency dream for the upcoming 5G mobile systems.
Abstract: This article proposes an approach to enhance users' experience of video streaming in the context of smart cities. The proposed approach relies on the concept of MEC as a key factor in enhancing QoS. It sustains QoS by ensuring that applications/services follow the mobility of users, realizing the "Follow Me Edge" concept. The proposed scheme enforces an autonomic creation of MEC services to allow anywhere anytime data access with optimum QoE and reduced latency. Considering its application in smart city scenarios, the proposed scheme represents an important solution for reducing core network traffic and ensuring ultra-short latency through a smart MEC architecture capable of achieving the 1 ms latency dream for the upcoming 5G mobile systems.
TL;DR: The results of the evaluation show that DistBlockNet is capable of detecting attacks in the IoT network in real time with low performance overheads and satisfying the design principles required for the future IoT network.
Abstract: The rapid increase in the number and diversity of smart devices connected to the Internet has raised the issues of flexibility, efficiency, availability, security, and scalability within the current IoT network. These issues are caused by key mechanisms being distributed to the IoT network on a large scale, which is why a distributed secure SDN architecture for IoT using the blockchain technique (DistBlockNet) is proposed in this research. It follows the principles required for designing a secure, scalable, and efficient network architecture. The DistBlockNet model of IoT architecture combines the advantages of two emerging technologies: SDN and blockchains technology. In a verifiable manner, blockchains allow us to have a distributed peer-to-peer network where non-confident members can interact with each other without a trusted intermediary. A new scheme for updating a flow rule table using a blockchains technique is proposed to securely verify a version of the flow rule table, validate the flow rule table, and download the latest flow rules table for the IoT forwarding devices. In our proposed architecture, security must automatically adapt to the threat landscape, without administrator needs to review and apply thousands of recommendations and opinions manually. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed model architecture and compared it to the existing model with respect to various metrics. The results of our evaluation show that DistBlockNet is capable of detecting attacks in the IoT network in real time with low performance overheads and satisfying the design principles required for the future IoT network.
TL;DR: A software defined spaceair- ground integrated network architecture for supporting diverse vehicular services in a seamless, efficient, and cost-effective manner is proposed.
Abstract: This article proposes a software defined spaceair- ground integrated network architecture for supporting diverse vehicular services in a seamless, efficient, and cost-effective manner. First, the motivations and challenges for integration of space-air-ground networks are reviewed. Second, a software defined network architecture with a layered structure is presented. To protect the legacy services in the satellite, aerial, and terrestrial segments, resources in each segment are sliced through network slicing to achieve service isolation. Then available resources are put into a common and dynamic space-air-ground resource pool, which is managed by hierarchical controllers to accommodate vehicular services. Finally, a case study is carried out, followed by discussion on some open research topics.
TL;DR: An integrated framework that can enable dynamic orchestration of networking, caching, and computing resources to improve the performance of applications for smart cities is proposed and a novel big data deep reinforcement learning approach is presented.
Abstract: Recent advances in networking, caching, and computing have significant impacts on the developments of smart cities. Nevertheless, these important enabling technologies have traditionally been studied separately in the existing works on smart cities. In this article, we propose an integrated framework that can enable dynamic orchestration of networking, caching, and computing resources to improve the performance of applications for smart cities. Then we present a novel big data deep reinforcement learning approach. Simulation results with different system parameters are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
TL;DR: A survey of recent advances in passive human behavior recognition in indoor areas using the channel state information (CSI) of commercial WiFi systems is presented and deep learning techniques such as long-short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networking (RNN) are proposed and shown the improved performance.
Abstract: In this article, we present a survey of recent advances in passive human behavior recognition in indoor areas using the channel state information (CSI) of commercial WiFi systems. The movement of the human body parts cause changes in the wireless signal reflections, which result in variations in the CSI. By analyzing the data streams of CSIs for different activities and comparing them against stored models, human behavior can be recognized. This is done by extracting features from CSI data streams and using machine learning techniques to build models and classifiers. The techniques from the literature that are presented herein have great performance; however, instead of the machine learning techniques employed in these works, we propose to use deep learning techniques such as long-short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networking (RNN) and show the improved performance. We also discuss different challenges such as environment change, frame rate selection, and the multi-user scenario; and finally suggest possible directions for future work.
TL;DR: The delay and packet loss components in UR LLC and the network availability for supporting the quality of service of users are discussed and tools for resource optimization in URLLC are presented.
Abstract: Supporting ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) is one of the major goals in 5G communication systems. Previous studies focus on ensuring end-to-end delay requirement by reducing transmission delay and coding delay, and only consider reliability in data transmission. However, the reliability reflected by overall packet loss also includes other components such as queueing delay violation. Moreover, which tools are appropriate to design radio resource allocation under constraints on delay, reliability, and availability is not well understood. As a result, how to optimize resource allocation for URLLC is still unclear. In this article, we first discuss the delay and packet loss components in URLLC and the network availability for supporting the quality of service of users. Then we present tools for resource optimization in URLLC. Last, we summarize the major challenges related to resource management for URLLC, and perform a case study.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the opportunities and challenges of NOMA in a multi-cell environment and provide an overview of the current literature and discuss key implementation and research challenges.
Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential enabler for the development of 5G and beyond wireless networks. By allowing multiple users to share the same time and frequency, NOMA can scale up the number of served users, increase spectral efficiency, and improve user-fairness compared to existing orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques. While single-cell NOMA has drawn significant attention recently, much less attention has been given to multi-cell NOMA. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of NOMA in a multi-cell environment. As the density of base stations and devices increases, inter-cell interference becomes a major obstacle in multi-cell networks. As such, identifying techniques that combine interference management approaches with NOMA is of great significance. After discussing the theory behind NOMA, this article provides an overview of the current literature and discusses key implementation and research challenges, with an emphasis on multi-cell NOMA.
TL;DR: The main design elements of IEEE 802.11ay are identified and described, including MIMO, channel bonding, improved channel access, and enhanced beamforming training, and for each of these elements, how their design is impacted by mm-Wave radio propagation characteristics are discussed.
Abstract: The IEEE 802.11ad amendment to the 802.11 standard ratified in 2012 created the first multi- Gb/s Wi-Fi technology by using the large swath of unlicensed spectrum at the mm-Wave band. While enabling multi-Gb/s wireless local communications was a significant achievement, throughput and reliability requirements of new applications, such as augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) and wireless backhauling, exceed what 802.11ad can offer. For this reason, building upon IEEE 802.11ad, the IEEE 802.11 Task Group ay has recently defined new PHY and MAC specifications that enable 100 Gb/s communications through a number of technical advancements. In this article, we identify and describe the main design elements of IEEE 802.11ay, including MIMO, channel bonding, improved channel access, and enhanced beamforming training. For each of these elements, we discuss how their design is impacted by mm-Wave radio propagation characteristics and present enabling mechanisms defined in IEEE 802.11ay.
TL;DR: An SDN-enabled network architecture assisted by MEC, which integrates different types of access technologies, is proposed, which can decrease data transmission time and enhance quality of user experience in latency-sensitive applications.
Abstract: Connected vehicles provide advanced transformations and attractive business opportunities in the automotive industry. Presently, IEEE 802.11p and evolving 5G are the mainstream radio access technologies in the vehicular industry, but neither of them can meet all requirements of vehicle communication. In order to provide low-latency and high-reliability communication, an SDN-enabled network architecture assisted by MEC, which integrates different types of access technologies, is proposed. MEC technology with its on-premises feature can decrease data transmission time and enhance quality of user experience in latency-sensitive applications. Therefore, MEC plays as important a role in the proposed architecture as SDN technology. The proposed architecture was validated by a practical use case, and the obtained results have shown that it meets application- specific requirements and maintains good scalability and responsiveness.
TL;DR: An application scenario on trajectory data-analysis-based traffic anomaly detection for VSNs and several research challenges and open issues are highlighted and discussed.
Abstract: Vehicular transportation is an essential part of modern cities. However, the ever increasing number of road accidents, traffic congestion, and other such issues become obstacles for the realization of smart cities. As the integration of the Internet of Vehicles and social networks, vehicular social networks (VSNs) are promising to solve the above-mentioned problems by enabling smart mobility in modern cities, which are likely to pave the way for sustainable development by promoting transportation efficiency. In this article, the definition of and a brief introduction to VSNs are presented first. Existing supporting communication technologies are then summarized. Furthermore, we introduce an application scenario on trajectory data-analysis-based traffic anomaly detection for VSNs. Finally, several research challenges and open issues are highlighted and discussed.
TL;DR: This article formalizes the vehicular fog computing architecture and presents a typical use case in vehicular Fog Computing, and discusses several key security and forensic challenges and potential solutions.
Abstract: Vehicular fog computing extends the fog computing paradigm to conventional vehicular networks. This allows us to support more ubiquitous vehicles, achieve better communication efficiency, and address limitations in conventional vehicular networks in terms of latency, location awareness, and real-time response (typically required in smart traffic control, driving safety applications, entertainment services, and other applications). Such requirements are particularly important in adversarial environments (e.g., urban warfare and battlefields in the Internet of Battlefield Things involving military vehicles). However, there is no one widely accepted definition for vehicular fog computing and use cases. Thus, in this article, we formalize the vehicular fog computing architecture and present a typical use case in vehicular fog computing. Then we discuss several key security and forensic challenges and potential solutions.