Showing papers in "IEEE MultiMedia in 1998"
TL;DR: The Artisan system retrieves abstract trademark images by shape similarity, grouping image regions into families that potentially mirror human image perception, and then derives characteristic indexing features from these families and from the image as a whole.
Abstract: The Artisan system retrieves abstract trademark images by shape similarity. It analyzes each image to characterize key shape components, grouping image regions into families that potentially mirror human image perception, and then derives characteristic indexing features from these families and from the image as a whole. We have evaluated the retrieval effectiveness of our prototype system on more than 10,000 images from the UK Trade Marks Registry.
160 citations
TL;DR: This article introduces a framework for the design of parallel video server architectures and addresses three central architectural issues: video distribution architectures, server striping policies, and video delivery protocols.
Abstract: In conventional video-on-demand (VoD) systems, compressed digital video streams are stored in a video server for delivery to receiver stations over a communication network. This article introduces a framework for the design of parallel video server architectures and addresses three central architectural issues: video distribution architectures, server striping policies, and video delivery protocols.
131 citations
TL;DR: The audio-based approach to video indexing described by the authors detects music and speech independently even when they occur simultaneously, and provides different video condensation levels based on video structuring that can link the video segments and the director's intentions.
Abstract: The audio-based approach to video indexing described by the authors detects music and speech independently even when they occur simultaneously. The indexed video segments, when presented on the Video Sound Browser, let users randomly access the video. The Video in Time system provides different video condensation levels based on video structuring that can link the video segments and the director's intentions.
126 citations
TL;DR: The evolution of virtual studio systems began as experimental prototypes that extended traditional chromakeying and now commercial products based on graphics supercomputers are commonly used for broadcast production.
Abstract: Virtual studio systems began as experimental prototypes that extended traditional chromakeying. Now commercial products based on graphics supercomputers are commonly used for broadcast production. We discuss this evolution and consider extensions, alternative approaches, and issues facing broadcasters who introduce virtual studio systems.
94 citations
TL;DR: A general, flexible, and powerful architecture to build software agents that embed artificial emotions that achieve functionalities for conveying emotions to humans, thus allowing more effective, stimulating, and natural interactions between humans and agents.
Abstract: We propose a general, flexible, and powerful architecture to build software agents that embed artificial emotions. These artificial emotions achieve functionalities for conveying emotions to humans, thus allowing more effective, stimulating, and natural interactions between humans and agents. An emotional agent also possesses rational knowledge and reactive capabilities, and interacts with the external world, including other agents.
75 citations
TL;DR: The JETS system provides a generic multimedia telecollaboration framework that enables sharing of Java applets through the Internet that revealed practical design and implementation issues, as well as the essential requirements of such systems.
Abstract: Real-time collaboration systems, in which participants share multimedia documents and applications, have attracted interest for many years. The JETS system provides a generic multimedia telecollaboration framework that enables sharing of Java applets through the Internet. Experimentation with JETS revealed practical design and implementation issues, as well as the essential requirements of such systems.
58 citations
TL;DR: This article explains how to write a multimedia presentation in SMIL, an easy-to-learn HTML-like language that allows the use of a text editor to write multimedia presentations.
Abstract: The Web, now a multimedia environment, can handle audio, images, text and video. However, creating TV-like multimedia presentations proves difficult. It either requires complex, timer-based programming in a scripting language (such as Javascript) or an authoring tool for multimedia presentations. To allow a broader audience to author multimedia presentations for the Web, the World Wide Web Consortium developed the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. SMIL, an easy-to-learn HTML-like language, allows the use of a text editor to write multimedia presentations. SMIL is a W3C recommendation, and several implementations are available. This article explains how to write a multimedia presentation in SMIL.
57 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary results reveal the effects of network impairments on video quality for MPEG-2 transport streams delivered over ATM, including the trade-off between bandwidth savings and video quality.
Abstract: Experiments investigated the relationship between MPEG video quality and ATM network performance. Preliminary results reveal the effects of network impairments on video quality for MPEG-2 transport streams delivered over ATM. The issues in mapping variable-rate MPEG to ATM are also examined, including the trade-off between bandwidth savings and video quality.
47 citations
TL;DR: An architecture for interactive service delivery to the home via the digital television (DTV) infrastructure in systems with and without return channels is discussed, which relies on a broadcast computing model adapted to suit the DTV environment.
Abstract: This article discusses an architecture for interactive service delivery to the home via the digital television (DTV) infrastructure in systems with and without return channels. This approach relies on a broadcast computing model adapted to suit the DTV environment. The model works even with low-cost user terminals, such as the basic DTV set-top boxes with limited computational and graphics capability and no local disk storage.
43 citations
TL;DR: The Graphical Musical Instrument Interface (GMII) connects subsystems and lets performers create images and music as they play virtual drums and a functional map matches the images' mood to the music played.
Abstract: A new multimedia system for musical and graphical expression called MusiKalscope contains subsystems that support computer-assisted jazz improvisation (RhyMe) and kaleidoscopic imagery (the lamascope). The Graphical Musical Instrument Interface (GMII) connects these subsystems and lets performers create images and music as they play virtual drums. A functional map matches the images' mood to the music played.
39 citations
TL;DR: This approach uses dynamic extended finite-state machines for the task-an "actor" DEFSM for each medium and a "synchronizer"DEFSM to orchestrate them to achieve clear state-transition control flow and allow concise, precise specifications.
Abstract: When multimedia presentations allow users to make online adjustments such as reverse, skip, freeze-restart, and scale, maintaining temporal synchrony among several media streams becomes a complex modeling problem. Our approach uses dynamic extended finite-state machines for the task-an "actor" DEFSM for each medium and a "synchronizer" DEFSM to orchestrate them. This model achieves clear state-transition control flow and allows concise, precise specifications.
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TL;DR: The author suggests a model of media objects that does not refer to technology or interactivity, but rather concentrates on the nature of the text, which provides a useful basis for defining multimedia communication securely and unambiguously.
Abstract: Multimedia is variously and often ambiguously defined. While most people might accept a mix of voice, text and graphics, they might resist calling a live lecture on a titled work of art a multimedia presentation. On the other hand, many definitions focus entirely on technology: multimedia seems to be defined by the hardware required rather than by the user's experience. For example, despite the statement that any computer application that employs a video disk, images from a CD-ROM, uses high-quality sound, or uses high-quality video images on a screen may be termed a multimedia application, the author doubts that anyone would use the term multimedia for a computer application that merely plays a piece of music. She suggests a model of media objects that does not refer to technology or interactivity, but rather concentrates on the nature of the text. This model provides a useful basis for defining multimedia communication securely and unambiguously.
TL;DR: IP Simulcast is described, a new Internet broadcast protocol, which provides inexpensive, efficient, and reliable audio and video broadcasting; and newaudio and video compression algorithms, which allow real-time audio andVideo transmission of data at low bit rates and with high quality.
Abstract: Although the industry is still in the early stages of webcasting, we can already foresee what the Internet will offer a few years down the line: clear, crisp audio and full-screen, high-quality, on-demand video. We have developed a technology that provides all these required features for Internet webcasting. This technology consists of: IP Simulcast, a new Internet broadcast protocol, which provides inexpensive, efficient, and reliable audio and video broadcasting; and new audio and video compression algorithms, which allow real-time audio and video transmission of data at low bit rates and with high quality. In this article, we describe a new Internet broadcast technology.
TL;DR: The authors describe its important components-a virtual library, an intelligent distance learning system, and visualization and planning tools for management operations-and discuss an assessment plan designed to evaluate the micro-university's effectiveness.
Abstract: A multimedia micro-university supports the education programs and management operations of a small academic institution. The authors describe its important components-a virtual library, an intelligent distance learning system, and visualization and planning tools for management operations-and discuss an assessment plan designed to evaluate the micro-university's effectiveness.
TL;DR: The fact that some information can best be experienced in 3D has motivated this language, and it provides the technology to integrate 3D, 2D, text, and multimedia into a coherent model.
Abstract: VRML stands for Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Technically, VRML is neither virtual reality nor a modeling language. Virtual reality generally implies an immersive 3D experience, which typically requires a head mounted display (HMD) and 3D input devices, such as digital gloves. VRML neither requires nor imposes immersion. Furthermore, a true modeling language would contain richer geometric modeling primitives and mechanisms. VRML provides a bare minimum of geometric modeling features but contains numerous features unavailable in a modeling language. If VRML is not virtual reality or a modeling language, what is it? This question has several answers. At its core, VRML serves as a 3D interchange format. It defines most of the commonly used semantics found in today's 3D applications such as hierarchical transformations, light sources, viewpoints, geometry, animation, fog, material properties, and texture mapping. Here's a second answer to: what is VRML? It's a 3D analog to HTML. This means that VRML serves as a simple, multiplatform language for publishing 3D Web pages. The fact that some information, including games, engineering models, scientific visualizations, educational experiences, and architecture, can best be experienced in 3D has motivated this language. Typically, these types of projects require intensive interaction, animation, and user participation and exploration beyond what a page, text, or image based format can handle. Another answer is that VRML provides the technology to integrate 3D, 2D, text, and multimedia into a coherent model.
TL;DR: Networked Hyper QuickTime is a prototype education-on-demand system for annotated video over the Internet that uses World Wide Web, Gopher and QuickTime technologies to deliver video streams with embedded uniform resource locators that point to ancillary documents or video streams.
Abstract: Networked Hyper QuickTime (NHQT) is a prototype education-on-demand system for annotated video over the Internet. NHQT uses World Wide Web, Gopher and QuickTime technologies to deliver video streams with embedded uniform resource locators that point to ancillary documents or video streams. NHQT's video-based user interface supports VCR-style playback control, random positioning, content-based searching and automatic resolution of hypermedia links for Internet access.
TL;DR: Virtual Stage is an extended karaoke system based on virtual reality technology that converts the participant's video image, grabbed by a video camera, is composited with the rendered image of the 3D virtual environment.
Abstract: Virtual Stage is an extended karaoke system based on virtual reality technology. A participant becomes the main character in an interactive music video. While singing along with the song played by Virtual Stage, the participant uses body movements to interact with the virtual characters, which reside in a virtual environment and behave intelligently. In Virtual Stage, the participant's video image, grabbed by a video camera, is composited with the rendered image of the 3D virtual environment. Participants will see the realistic video image of themselves and get a false feeling of immersion, as if existing in the VE.
TL;DR: The article introduces the MHEG-5 standard, describes examples of functionality, and illustrates an implementation that covers both runtime presentation and multimedia authoring applications.
Abstract: The ISO MHEG-5 standard owes its existence to the increasing convergence of broadcast and interactive technologies. It specifies an encoding format for multimedia applications independently of service paradigms and network protocols. The article introduces the MHEG-5 standard, describes examples of functionality, and illustrates an implementation that covers both runtime presentation and multimedia authoring applications.
TL;DR: The authors propose Musical Design Patterns as an approach to developing interactive, music-oriented systems for use as novel media content that integrates three key aspects: user interface design, modeling media semantics, and application software engineering (content development).
Abstract: The authors propose Musical Design Patterns as an approach to developing interactive, music-oriented systems for use as novel media content. Such development integrates three key aspects: user interface design, modeling media semantics, and application software engineering (content development). They support their claims with examples from WorldBeat, an award-winning interactive music exhibit on display at various technology museums.
TL;DR: A look at the virtual camera method, then some of the systems developed with it, and future directions and possibilities not only for image compositing but also for the development of sophisticated systems for editing and producing television programs.
Abstract: The virtual camera method presented integrates computer graphics and real-time video processing techniques in a new type of virtual studio. At NHK we developed several image compositing systems based on this method. First we look at the virtual camera method, then some of the systems developed with it. Then we discuss future directions and possibilities not only for image compositing but also for the development of sophisticated systems for editing and producing television programs.
TL;DR: The main challenges faced by virtual sets today are addressed and requirements are defined to make them a more complete and reliable production tool.
Abstract: Virtual set technology has already started to influence the broadcast industry, evolving from the traditional blue screen chromakey technique. However, the technology has many problems that need solutions. This article addresses the main challenges faced by virtual sets today and attempts to define requirements to make them a more complete and reliable production tool.
TL;DR: This prototype authoring tool synchronizes computer graphics animation, narration and background music along a single time line and displays an animation's scenario sharing the same time line.
Abstract: Our prototype authoring tool synchronizes computer graphics animation, narration and background music. It lets users visualize the contents of a background music track and narration along a single time line and displays an animation's scenario sharing the same time line. A graphical user interface supports interactive editing of both background music and narration without any loss in quality.
TL;DR: The article describes the motivation, technology, and experiences in integrating a satellite-based digital video distance learning system coupled with Web technology.
Abstract: The Boston University College of Engineering Distance Learning Initiative (DLI) integrates computers, digital video, and the Internet to deliver graduate degree courses in engineering to students in companies distant from the Boston University campus. A key objective of the DLI is to support learning wherever it is most convenient, whether by groups in a classroom, at the workplace desk, or at home. The article describes the motivation, technology, and experiences in integrating a satellite-based digital video distance learning system coupled with Web technology.
TL;DR: The 802.11 standard will energize the wireless LAN market and result in the proliferation of low cost wireless connectivity in the office and home and make it even more practical to employ this standard for multimedia traffic.
Abstract: The IEEE P802.11 committee developed the 802.11 Wireless LAN standard to cover wireless networks for fixed, portable, and moving stations within a local area. This standard addresses the need for wireless connectivity to stations, equipment, or automatic machinery that requires rapid deployment and may be portable, handheld, or mounted on moving vehicles. It can function totally wireless or connected to a wired network. Most people familiar with the standard expect to use it in providing wireless networks for personal computers or stations connected to the global wired infrastructure through access points. Now that the 802.11 standard is finally here, it will energize the wireless LAN market and result in the proliferation of low cost wireless connectivity in the office and home. Study groups are working on higher rates at 2.4 GHz and at 5 GHz for future inclusion into the standard. These higher rates will make it even more practical to employ this standard for multimedia traffic.
TL;DR: The design of the multimedia mail system is discussed and some of the issues involved in implementing it are discussed.
Abstract: VistaMail, a fully integrated multimedia mailing system, lets users easily create, send, and view audio and video components. The system treats these components as part of a single unified message rather than as additions to the text portion. This article discusses the design of the multimedia mail system and some of the issues involved in implementing it.
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TL;DR: The author discusses the Cassandra Project performance which uses a videoconferencing system over the Internet to allow for text, dance and music to serve as improvisational material during the performance.
Abstract: The author considers how a dance community has evolved in cyberspace. The emergence of the World Wide Web has led to an upsurge of creative exploration by dance artists as they discover, in ever-increasing numbers, this new technology's potential. The pervasiveness of information and communications technologies has produced new levels of thought, new concepts, and new types of human interaction. The author discusses the Cassandra Project performance which uses a videoconferencing system over the Internet. Computer networks connecting performers in real time with other performers and audiences at remote sites allow for text, dance and music to serve as improvisational material during the performance.
TL;DR: NetView supports global content-based query access to various visual databases over the Internet through an integrated metaserver consisting of a metadatabase, metasearch agent, and query manager.
Abstract: NetView supports global content-based query access to various visual databases over the Internet. An integrated metaserver consisting of a metadatabase, metasearch agent, and query manager facilitates such access. NetView significantly reduces the amount of time and effort that users spend in finding information of interest. It also can further refine the metaserver's performance based on user feedback.
TL;DR: The Spatial Browsing project explores a 3D interface solution to multimedia database browsing and searching for users of Philips Research in Briarcliff, New York.
Abstract: Burgeoning consumer products and services provided through cable, television, and the World Wide Web (WWW) make it challenging for consumers to organize and use their home entertainment and information centers. Assuming that this large amount of home entertainment multimedia information will come to consumers' homes through a television or a television-like device, the Spatial Browsing project explores a 3D interface solution to multimedia database browsing and searching. Philips Research in Briarcliff, New York is developing various algorithms for browsing and retrieving information in large multimedia databases. As a design research effort, the Spatial Browsing project further augments the available in-house technology in developing user interface design concepts for interacting with such databases.