scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "IEEE Power & Energy Magazine in 1990"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the March 13, 1989, geomagnetic storm, which revealed significant vulnerabilities of electric power systems to this natural widespread phenomenon, are described, and the economic consequences to the nation of this vulnerability are significant, on the order of several billion dollars for each major outage.
Abstract: The effects of the March 13, 1989, geomagnetic storm, which revealed significant vulnerabilities of electric power systems to this natural widespread phenomenon, are described. This vulnerability appears to be increasing during the 1990s. The economic consequences to the nation of this vulnerability are significant, on the order of several billion dollars for each major outage. It is suggested that the US government can play an important role in reducing the vulnerability of electric power systems to solar storms by installing an early warning satellite and cooperating with industry in a comprehensive research program. The Department of Energy can fill gaps in the research and provide for continuity of research during periods of reduced solar activity when industrial research tends to wane. >

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The masses of both the neutrino and the universe were derived from a mutually consistent set of equations in which neutrinos are coupled to the ground state of the universe as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The masses of both the neutrino and the Universe are derived from a mutually consistent set of equations in which the neutrino is coupled to the ground state of the Universe. A mass of m/sub v/ >

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) due to solar magnetic disturbances (SMD) in the US are discussed and a coordinated communications facility monitoring widespread SMD effects with the SUNBURST system proposed by EPRI is recommended.
Abstract: Efforts to monitor the effects of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) due to solar magnetic disturbances (SMD) in the US are discussed. The efforts began anew after the March 13, 1989 disturbance. Existing and proposed GIC monitoring stations are described, and the monitoring program is briefly summarized. It includes transformer, capacitor, and shunt-reactor monitoring as well as Earth-surface potential and magnetic-field measurements. A coordinated communications facility monitoring widespread SMD effects with the SUNBURST system proposed by EPRI is recommended. >

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have developed an integrated, multifaceted online diagnostic monitoring system known as the Dynamic Rating and Underground Monitoring System (DRUMS) for evaluating underground cables.
Abstract: The existing underground transmission system in the United States is worth about $5 billion. To optimize the return on that investment and on further investment in the growing system, EPRI has sponsored research to develop periodic and continuous diagnostic procedures and methodologies for evaluating underground cables. By using monitoring results to support maintenance and cable management decisions, utilities will be able to improve maintenance planning, reduce unscheduled outages, increase system reliability, and extend cable life. At the same time, they will be able to operate systems more efficiently and closer to true ratings. The scope of this paper are the following projects: application of dissolved-gas analysis to the periodic monitoring of liquid-filled, paper-wrapped cables (RP7895-1) and also cables insulated with a laminate of cellulose paper, polypropylene film, and cellulose paper, or PPP-insulated cables (RP7910-1); development of a transmission cable diagnostic system based on periodic power factor measurements (RP7910-5); development of an integrated, multifaceted online diagnostic monitoring system known as the Dynamic Rating and Underground Monitoring System (DRUMS) (RP7900); development of a protocol for using perfluorocarbon tracers to locate leaks in high-pressure, liquid-filled cables (RP7905-1); and a long-term cable life evaluation and management project, comprising 10 research areas (RP7914).

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of solar storms on man-made systems including radio communication and radar, spacecraft electronics, satellites, pipelines, and geophysical surveys as well as power systems are described.
Abstract: The need to predict accurately the occurrence of geomagnetic disturbances, which have caused blackouts and damaged power system equipment, is discussed. It is difficult for the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Air Force Air Weather Service to jointly operate the Space Environment Services Center (SESC), the civil agency responsible for monitoring solar disturbances. The SESC observes the Sun and several geophysical parameters, including the Earth's magnetic field using both ground-based and space-based sensors. This effort is hampered by incomplete information, particularly the lack of information on the fluctuations of the solar wind. The effects of solar storms on man-made systems including radio communication and radar, spacecraft electronics, satellites, pipelines, and geophysical surveys as well as power systems, are described. The solar activity that causes the disturbances is examined. A proposed satellite to monitor the solar wind and improve forecasts is discussed, and the importance of a broad base of user support is stressed. >

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a study has been made of this problem involving the development of laboratory test techniques to simulate the critical conditions, and also verification that the rapid flashover clean fog test can be used for evaluating a polluted DC bushing.
Abstract: There is a history of flashovers of wall bushings in rain, even when they are relatively clean. These flashovers appear to be associated generally with a non- uniform rain distribution because of the shielding effect of the valve hall. This paper reports that a study has been made of this problem involving the development of laboratory test techniques to simulate the critical conditions, and also verification that the rapid flashover clean fog test can be used for evaluating a polluted DC bushing. Using these techniques a conventional bushing has been assessed and a method of improving its performance has been found by fitting it with supplementary silicone-rubber sheds, (booster sheds). The effects of various numbers of such sheds on the bushing have been measured, as have the effects of modifications to the booster shed.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The IEEE History Collection as mentioned in this paper contains 21 interviews conducted by members of the IEEE History Committee from 1973 to 1976, which were supported by the IEEE Life Mem¬ ber Fund (LMEF).
Abstract: The earliest of these contains 21 interviews conducted by members of the IEEE History Committee from 1973 to 1976. Frank Polkinghorn, retired from Bell Laboratories, did most of the interviews, which were supported by the IEEE Life Mem¬ ber Fund. The collection is rich in material on Bell Labs and early radio. Among those interviewed from Bell Labs are Rus¬ sell S. Ohl on semiconductor research in the 1930's, Warren P. Mason on quartz crystals and filters, and Arthur C. Keller on sound reproduction. Radio pioneers include Lloyd Espenschied of AT&T, Edwin Lee White of the Federal Radio Com¬ mission, and Leonard Fuller of the Federal Telegraph Co. Ex¬ ecutives Frank W. Godsey of Westinghouse and Julian Z. Millar of Western Union were interviewed, and there is also a 1968 discussion with Harold Beverage and H. 0. Peterson on their antenna research for RCA.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, transient network analyzers (TNAs) as mentioned in this paper can be used to simulate a portion of a power system in miniature, complete with voltage sources representing generators and various kinds of capacitive or inductive loads.
Abstract: Electromagnetic transients are the tidal waves of electric power systems. These momentary voltage surges generally lasting only fractions of a second can be powerful enough to disrupt normal operations and even cause serious damage to major pieces of equipment, such as transformers. Created by lightning, line faults, substation switching functions, and other sudden events along a utility network, transients must be taken into account both in choosing equipment ratings for a power system and in setting its operating parameters. Like the builders of a seawall that must withstand the highest expected waves from the ocean, engineers trying to guard against damage from transients face an extraordinary design task. Most of the huge computer simulation codes related to power systems either model steady-state conditions or deal with system stability problems. The analysis of electromagnetic transients, on the other hand, requires a much more detailed examination of how some critical portion of a power system will react to conditions that can change greatly in microseconds. For many years, simulation of transient effects was performed by special-purpose analog computers called transient network analyzers (TNAs). These machines, which are still in use, recreate a portion of the power system in miniature, complete with voltage sources representing generators and various kinds of capacitive or inductive loads. TNAs are generally adequate but relatively inflexible, tedious to set up, and cumbersome to use. Once a system configuration is modeled, many simulations can be performed. Given the need to manually reconfigure TNA circuits to represent changes in a system, however, the analyzers can also be quite expensive to use. During the late 1960s, Herman Dommel of the Bonneville

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss industry changes and their impact on the IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) and some of the actions proposed or already being taken by some PES in response to these changes are presented.
Abstract: The author discusses industry changes and their impact on the IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES). Some of the actions proposed or already being taken by some PES in response to these changes are presented. They concern non-US membership, standardization activities, and power education. >

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In most cases where a new function or component is introduced into a power system for a particular objective, it produces side effects that are good and good, and in fact more important than the originally-conceived objective.
Abstract: In most cases where a new function or component is introduced into a power system for a particular objective, it produces side effects. Some of these side effects are bad and compensation must be introduced to counteract them. Some of them are good, and in fact more important than the originally-conceived objective, and have themselves become the new main objective. Several examples are discussed.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the involvement of transformer diagnostic devices and systems in the area of transmission substations. But their involvement with transformer diagnostic is discussed only in the context of substation diagnostic devices.
Abstract: Recent advances in signal processing techniques have paved the way for utilities to effectively meet the challenge of using existing assets more fully while maintaining traditional service reliability. Over the last 10 years, the author's institute has been applying these technological advances in the area of transmission substations to develop substation diagnostic devices and systems. Their involvement with transformer diagnostic is discussed in this paper.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a pair of studies of available and potential methods of measuring transmission system use and accounting better for power transfers on utility systems are discussed, and the essential findings are that, with minor modification to control center software, power transfers could be tracked and tabulated online, automatically, every hour or even more frequently.
Abstract: The increasing importance of power transmission systems and the difficulty of measuring or calculating loop flows accurately are pointed out. Results of a pair of studies of available and potential methods of measuring transmission system use and accounting better for power transfers on utility systems are discussed. The essential findings are that, with minor modification to control center software, power transfers could be tracked and tabulated online, automatically, every hour or even more frequently. Where power transfers can be measured, an opportunity exists for utilities to gain additional earnings and add to their profitability. Areas for further research are identified. >