Showing papers in "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ii-express Briefs in 2020"
TL;DR: A mathematical memristor model with multistability is constructed using standard nonlinear theory as well as circuit and system theory to simulate a synaptic connection in a Hopfield neural network.
Abstract: Nowadays, there is a lot of study on memristor-based systems with multistability. However, there is no study on memristor with multistability. This brief constructs a mathematical memristor model with multistability. The origin of the multi-stable dynamics is revealed using standard nonlinear theory as well as circuit and system theory. Moreover, the multi-stable memristor is applied to simulate a synaptic connection in a Hopfield neural network. The memristive neural network successfully generates infinitely many coexisting chaotic attractors unobserved in previous Hopfield-type neural networks. The results are also confirmed in analog circuits based on commercially available electronic elements.
121 citations
TL;DR: An extremely simple chaotic system with infinitely many coexisting chaotic attractors that consists of five terms with two nonlinearities, and has an infinite number of unstable equilibria owing to its sinusoidal nonlinearity.
Abstract: The discovery of simple chaotic systems with complex dynamics has always been an interesting research work. This brief aims to construct an extremely simple chaotic system with infinitely many coexisting chaotic attractors. The system consists of five terms with two nonlinearities, and has an infinite number of unstable equilibria owing to its sinusoidal nonlinearity. The most prominent feature of the system is that it coexists infinitely many chaotic attractors for different initial values and fixed system parameters. To our best knowledge, there is no 3-D system with such a simple mathematical model can produce infinitely many coexisting chaotic attractors. The phenomenon of coexisting attractors of the new system is numerically investigated. The circuit and microcontroller-based implementation of the system are presented as well.
108 citations
TL;DR: The proposed seven level triple voltage gain boost inverter (7L-3GBI) inherently generates a bipolar waveform without backend H-bridge that reduces the total standing voltage of the topology.
Abstract: In this brief, a new switched capacitor based multilevel inverter topology is proposed. The proposed topology generates seven level (7L) output voltage using a single dc voltage source along with two floating capacitors. The output voltage of the proposed topology is three-times higher than the input voltage (i.e., gain factor of $\text{V}_{\mathrm{ in}}$ : $\text{V}_{\mathrm{ out}} = 1:3$ ) along with self-voltage balancing of capacitors. The proposed seven level triple voltage gain boost inverter (7L-3GBI) inherently generates a bipolar waveform without backend H-bridge that reduces the total standing voltage of the topology. The practicability of the proposed topology has been demonstrated by having a quantitative and cost comparison with similar topologies. Furthermore, the workability of the proposed 7L topology has been validated through different results taken from a prototype laboratory setup.
107 citations
TL;DR: This brief presents CMix-NN, a flexible open-source mixed low-precision (independent tensors quantization of weight and activations at 8, 4, 2 bits) inference library for low bitwidth Quantized Networks.
Abstract: Low-precision integer arithmetic is a necessary ingredient for enabling Deep Learning inference on tiny and resource-constrained IoT edge devices. This brief presents CMix-NN, a flexible open-sourceCMix-NN is available at https://github.com/EEESlab/CMix-NN . mixed low-precision (independent tensors quantization of weight and activations at 8, 4, 2 bits) inference library for low bitwidth Quantized Networks. CMix-NN efficiently supports both Per-Layer and Per-Channel quantization strategies of weights and activations. Thanks to CMix-NN, we deploy on an STM32H7 microcontroller a set of Mobilenet family networks with the largest input resolutions ( $224\times 224$ ) and higher accuracies (up to 68% Top1) when compressed with a mixed low precision technique, achieving up to +8% accuracy improvement concerning any other published solution for MCU devices.
90 citations
TL;DR: The experimental results show good agreement with theory, confirming the effectiveness of the approach towards high-performance fractional differentiators featuring broad processing bandwidth, high reconfigurability, and potentially reduced sized and cost.
Abstract: We report a photonic radio frequency (RF) fractional differentiator based on an integrated Kerr micro-comb source. The micro-comb source has a free spectral range (FSR) of 49 GHz, generating a large number of comb lines that serve as a high-performance multi-wavelength source for the differentiator. By programming and shaping the comb lines according to calculated tap weights, arbitrary fractional orders ranging from 0.15 to 0.90 are achieved over a broad RF operation bandwidth of 15.49 GHz. We experimentally characterize the frequency-domain RF amplitude and phase response as well as the temporal response with a Gaussian pulse input. The experimental results show good agreement with theory, confirming the effectiveness of our approach towards high-performance fractional differentiators featuring broad processing bandwidth, high reconfigurability, and potentially reduced sized and cost.
90 citations
TL;DR: The description of unobservable subspace is presented and an event-triggered mechanism is presented to determine whether the current data should be released or not and to reduce computational cost.
Abstract: This brief considers the problem of fault detection and isolation using the geometric approach for discrete-time systems. The description of unobservable subspace is presented. The residuals are generated by the filter via employing the geometric technique so that each residual is influenced by a specific fault and uncoupled from others. Sufficient conditions are established such that the $ {\mathcal {H}}_{\infty }$ norm of the transfer function is less than a pre-given value. In order to reduce computational cost, an event-triggered mechanism is presented to determine whether the current data should be released or not. Finally, numerical demonstration is given to verify the usefulness of the proposed new design technique.
88 citations
TL;DR: Comparative analysis with state-of-art MLIs in terms of the number of components, standing voltage, boosting factor, and cost factor demonstrate the merit of presented topology.
Abstract: Multilevel inverters (MLIs) with self-balanced switched-capacitors (SC) have received wide recognition for increasing power capacity and power quality of the renewable energy and high-frequency power distribution systems. This brief presents a new SC MLI structure using a reduced number of switches and a single dc source. By suitable charging-discharging patterns, the SCs are self-balanced and high voltage boosting is achieved. Comparative analysis with state-of-art MLIs in terms of the number of components, standing voltage, boosting factor, and cost factor demonstrate the merit of presented topology. Further, experimental results confirm the workability of the proposed MLI under linear, non-linear loading and dynamic test conditions using both the 50 Hz and 2.5 kHz modulation.
86 citations
TL;DR: A novel protocol design framework is proposed under which new protocols are given based on only transmissions of neighbors’ states, under which consensus of MASs can be reached in finite time independent of initial conditions via the given protocols.
Abstract: In this brief, we investigate the fixed-time consensus problem for a class of heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs), where both the leaderless and leader-following consensus problems are considered. By using the fixed-time control technique and graph theory, a novel protocol design framework is proposed under which new protocols are given based on only transmissions of neighbors’ states. Consensus of MASs can be reached in finite time independent of initial conditions via the given protocols in the presence of that dynamics of agents are different. Finally, two numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed results.
83 citations
TL;DR: The presented results show the flexibility of the filter to achieve desired responses and its suitability for integration with any tunable planar structure.
Abstract: In this brief, a dual-mode dual-band filter based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is presented. The proposed filter has the capability to tune the two pass-bands independently. The proposed filter consists of two HMSIW resonators coupled through a pair of ${E}$ -shaped coupling slots. Two resonating modes ( TE 101 and TE 102) are excited in each resonator. A varactor diode is used in the proposed filter for tuning purpose. The varactor diode is placed in the structure in such a way that both bands can be tuned independently. The lower passband can be tuned from 3.26 to 3.47 GHz with insertion loss of 0.2–2.9 dB. The higher passband can be tuned from 5.47 to 6.13 GHz with low insertion loss of 0.1–2.1 dB. The presented results show the flexibility of the filter to achieve desired responses and its suitability for integration with any tunable planar structure. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.
83 citations
TL;DR: This brief demonstrates the use of metamaterial absorber (MA) to achieve high isolation between two patch antennas in a 2-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) system operating at 5.5 GHz resonant frequency useful for WiMAX application.
Abstract: This brief demonstrates the use of metamaterial absorber (MA) to achieve high isolation between two patch antennas in a 2-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) system operating at 5.5 GHz resonant frequency useful for WiMAX application. The proposed flower shaped MA, designed on a $9\times 9$ mm2 FR-4 substrate with 1 mm thickness, exhibits near unity normalized impedance at 5.5 GHz with an absorptivity of 98.7%. A four element array of the MA is arranged in the form of a line in the middle of the two radiating patches in order to suppress the propagation of surface current between them at the operating frequency. Using the proposed flower shaped MA, an isolation of nearly 35 dB is achieved. The MIMO structure is studied in terms of return loss, isolation, overall gain, radiation pattern, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection co-efficient (TARC), etc. The structure is finally fabricated and measured to show good agreement with the simulated results.
81 citations
TL;DR: The presented IPUC inverter has low voltage stress on switches and is capable of voltage boosting, and a new voltage balancing method based on logic form equations is developed for regulating the inherent floating capacitor voltage to half the input dc voltage.
Abstract: In this brief, a seven-level (7L) improved packed U-cell (IPUC) inverter with reduced power electronic components is proposed. The presented IPUC inverter has low voltage stress on switches and is capable of voltage boosting. A new voltage balancing method based on logic form equations is developed for regulating the inherent floating capacitor voltage to half the input dc voltage. The proposed 7L IPUC is compared with other state-of-the-art 7L inverters in terms of number of IGBTs, blocking voltage, and driver circuits for attesting its superior merits. The performance of the proposed voltage balancing is verified through a laboratory prototyped 7L IPUC inverter considering varying load conditions and the corresponding results are elucidated.
TL;DR: This brief endeavors to investigate the sliding mode control (SMC) issue of the networked singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) under slow sampling and shows that the quasi-sliding motion is dependent on the dynamic event-triggered parameters and its bound converges to a constant.
Abstract: This brief endeavors to investigate the sliding mode control (SMC) issue of the networked singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) under slow sampling. For the energy saving purpose in network communication, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is introduced to SMC design. By considering the structure characteristics of the controlled system, a novel sliding function is constructed with taking the singular perturbed matrix $E_\varepsilon $ into account properly. With the aid of some appropriate Lyapunov functionals, the sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the asymptotic stability of the sliding mode dynamics and the reachability of the specified sliding surface. Besides, it is shown that the quasi-sliding motion is dependent on the dynamic event-triggered parameters and its bound converges to a constant. The solving algorithm for the dynamic event-triggered SMC law is formulated in a convex optimization framework. Finally, an numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
TL;DR: Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed RNNFSMC scheme, demonstrating the outstanding compensation performance and strong robustness compared with standard neural sliding mode controller.
Abstract: In this brief, a fractional-order sliding mode control (FSMC) scheme using a recurrent neural network (RNN) approximator is introduced to achieve better performance for a shunt active power filter (APF). The proposed RNNFSMC scheme combines a fractional-order sliding mode control method with a recurrent neural network structure. The fractional-order sliding mode control has more adjustable degree of freedom to brings more superior control effect than integer order sliding mode control. The RNN estimator is employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear function of the APF. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, demonstrating the outstanding compensation performance and strong robustness compared with standard neural sliding mode controller.
TL;DR: The hyperbolic barrier Lyapunov function and auxiliary systems are adopted to develop boundary constrained control with a disturbance observer for restraining vibrations, eliminating input and state constraints, and tackling external disturbances.
Abstract: This brief concentrates on controller design for flexible string systems subjected to external disturbances, input constraints, and state constraints. The hyperbolic barrier Lyapunov function and auxiliary systems are adopted to develop boundary constrained control with a disturbance observer for restraining vibrations, eliminating input and state constraints, and tackling external disturbances. The suggested control can ensure the input and state constraints and achieve asymptotic stability in the controlled system. With appropriate design parameters, the simulation results obtained verify the control performance.
TL;DR: This work first model the Ethereum transaction records as a complex network by incorporating time and amount features of the transactions, and then design several flexible temporal walk strategies for random-walk based graph representation of this large-scale network.
Abstract: As the largest public blockchain-based platform supporting smart contracts, Ethereum has accumulated a large number of user transaction records since its debut in 2014. Analysis of Ethereum transaction records, however, is still relatively unexplored till now. Modeling the transaction records as a static simple graph, existing methods are unable to accurately characterize the temporal and multiplex features of the edges. In this brief, we first model the Ethereum transaction records as a complex network by incorporating time and amount features of the transactions, and then design several flexible temporal walk strategies for random-walk based graph representation of this large-scale network. Experiments of temporal link prediction on real Ethereum data demonstrate that temporal information and multiplicity characteristic of edges are indispensable for accurate modeling and understanding of Ethereum transaction networks.
TL;DR: Based on the simulation results, it can be stated that the proposed hybrid FA circuit is an attractive alternative in the data path design of modern high-speed Central Processing Units.
Abstract: A novel design of a hybrid Full Adder (FA) using Pass Transistors (PTs), Transmission Gates (TGs) and Conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CCMOS) logic is presented. Performance analysis of the circuit has been conducted using Cadence toolset. For comparative analysis, the performance parameters have been compared with twenty existing FA circuits. The proposed FA has also been extended up to a word length of 64 bits in order to test its scalability. Only the proposed FA and five of the existing designs have the ability to operate without utilizing buffer in intermediate stages while extended to 64 bits. According to simulation results, the proposed design demonstrates notable performance in power consumption and delay which accounted for low power delay product. Based on the simulation results, it can be stated that the proposed hybrid FA circuit is an attractive alternative in the data path design of modern high-speed Central Processing Units.
TL;DR: This brief presents a novel seven-level (7L) inverter topology for grid-connected renewable applications that consists of ten active switches and one inner flying-capacitor unit forming a structure similar to conventional active neutral point clamped inverter.
Abstract: This brief presents a novel seven-level (7L) inverter topology for grid-connected renewable applications. It consists of ten active switches and one inner flying-capacitor unit forming a structure similar to conventional active neutral point clamped inverter. The proposed unique arrangement reduces the number of active, passive components and it does not require any sensor to balance the floating capacitor voltage, thereby reduces cost and complexity in the control system design. In addition, compared to major conventional 7L inverter topologies, the proposed topology is capable of boosting the input voltage by a factor of 1.5, thereby, eliminating the need for an intermediate boosting stage. In other words, it reduces the dc-link voltage requirement by 50%. To prove the advantage of the proposed topology over other recent topologies, a comparative study in terms of power components and cost is presented. The operation and performance of the proposed topology for various loading conditions are validated through experimental tests and measurements.
TL;DR: This brief presents a new and efficient method to generate true random numbers on field programmable gate array (FPGA) by utilizing the random jitter of free-running oscillators as a source of randomness.
Abstract: True random number generators (TRNGs) play a fundamental role in cryptographic systems. This brief presents a new and efficient method to generate true random numbers on field programmable gate array (FPGA) by utilizing the random jitter of free-running oscillators as a source of randomness. The free-running oscillator rings incorporate programmable delay lines (PDLs) to generate large variation of the oscillations and to introduce jitter in the generated ring oscillators clocks. The main advantage of the proposed TRNG utilizing PDLs is to reduce correlation between several equal length oscillator rings, and thus improve the randomness qualities. In addition, a Von Neumann corrector as post-processor is employed to remove any bias in the output bit sequence. The validation of the proposed approach is demonstrated on Xilinx Spartan-3A FPGAs. The proposed TRNG occupies 528 slices, achieves 6 Mb/s throughput with 0.999 per bit entropy rate, and passes all the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) statistical tests.
TL;DR: A control scheme is developed to estimate and then restrain the unavailable disturbance input of switched systems (SSs), while ruling out the large and sudden jumps in the control input by adjusting the power voltage of a switched RLC circuit model.
Abstract: A control scheme is developed to estimate and then restrain the unavailable disturbance input of switched systems (SSs), while ruling out the large and sudden jumps in the control input. The suppression on the unavailable disturbance and that on the oscillations in the control input are measured by $H_{\infty }$ anti-disturbance (AD) property and bumpless transfer (BT) property, respectively. Through construction of a switching rule, a disturbance observer together with a controller, a sufficient condition is obtained to ensure the $H_{\infty }$ AD property and the BT performance. At last, a verification of the developed control scheme is offered by adjusting the power voltage of a switched RLC circuit model.
TL;DR: The zonotope method is used to estimate the bounds of the system states based on the designed observer to reduce the constraints of design conditions and improve the accuracy of estimation.
Abstract: This brief deals with the interval observer design for a class of discrete-time switched systems. In order to reduce the constraints of design conditions and improve the accuracy of estimation, the zonotope method is used to estimate the bounds of the system states. First, an $H_{\infty }$ observer is constructed for discrete-time switched systems and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the existence of the $H_{\infty }$ observer. Then, zonotope method is employed to estimate the states based on the designed observer. Finally, a numerical example in the background of booster converter is simulated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
TL;DR: A simple floating mutator circuit for achieving transformations among memristor (MR), memcapacitor (MC), and meminductor (MI) emulations is newly designed in this brief by making use of varactor diode with variable capacitance.
Abstract: A simple floating mutator circuit for achieving transformations among memristor (MR), memcapacitor (MC), and meminductor (MI) emulations is newly designed in this brief by making use of varactor diode with variable capacitance. The transformation can be achieved by properly configuring the passive elements of the two preserved positions in the mutator circuit. The most attractive advantages of this mutator is the floating terminals without requirement of any mem-elements for transformation. The mutator topology is simple and suitable for integrated circuit design. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the practicability and flexibility of this new mutator.
TL;DR: A noise-free maximum correntropy criterion (NFMCC) algorithm is proposed for system identification in non-Gaussian environments which shows significant property in reducing the detrimental effects of outliers and impulsive noise with different input signals.
Abstract: In this brief, a noise-free maximum correntropy criterion (NFMCC) algorithm is proposed for system identification in non-Gaussian environments. The proposed algorithm utilizes correntropy theory to construct a cost function which is realized based on a normalized Gaussian kernel. In addition, a new dynamic step size scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm, which is implemented by minimizing the noise-free a posteriori error signal, and the mean square deviation (MSD) is greatly decreased. The proposed NFMCC algorithm shows significant property in reducing the detrimental effects of outliers and impulsive noise with different input signals. Moreover, a Students’ T distributed noise is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of the MSD and convergence for heavy tailed noising environment. The parameter effects on the NFMCC algorithm are also presented, and its performance is investigated on a real-life channel that is measured in underwater. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm which provides a considerable computational complexity and an acceptable running time.
TL;DR: A novel sufficient criterion is derived for fixed-time synchronized of complex networks and a new finite-time stability theorem is proposed, which means the designed controller is simpler than the existing controllers by using finite-/fixed-time methods, and the chattering phenomenon can also be avoided.
Abstract: This brief investigates the fixed-time synchronization of complex networks with a simpler nonchattering controller. First, a new finite-time stability theorem is proposed. Second, a novel sufficient criterion is derived for fixed-time synchronized of complex networks. Compared with some existing results, the new controller without sign function is designed to realize fixed-time synchronization. Moreover, the designed controller without include the linear parts, which means the controller is simpler than the existing controllers by using finite-/fixed-time methods, and the chattering phenomenon can also be avoided. Finally, the application of fixed-time non-chattering controller is discussed by designing synchronization circuit of complex systems.
TL;DR: The effectiveness of the proposed approximate adder is compared with state-of-the-art approximate adders using a cost function based on the energy, delay, area, and output quality and results indicate an average of 50% reduction in terms of the cost function compared to other approximateAdders.
Abstract: In this brief, a low energy consumption block-based carry speculative approximate adder is proposed. Its structure is based on partitioning the adder into some non-overlapped summation blocks whose structures may be selected from both the carry propagate and parallel-prefix adders. Here, the carry output of each block is speculated based on the input operands of the block itself and those of the next block. In this adder, the length of the carry chain is reduced to two blocks (worst case), where in most cases only one block is employed to calculate the carry output leading to a lower average delay. In addition, to increase the accuracy and reduce the output error rate, an error detection and recovery mechanism is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed approximate adder is compared with state-of-the-art approximate adders using a cost function based on the energy, delay, area, and output quality. The results indicate an average of 50% reduction in terms of the cost function compared to other approximate adders.
TL;DR: The robust output voltage regulation problem of DC-DC boost converter system is addressed by using a continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (CTSMC) technique based on finite-time disturbance observer to achieve better voltage tracking performance.
Abstract: DC-DC converters work as one of the crucial components in DC microgrid intergraded power systems. In this brief, the robust output voltage regulation problem of DC-DC boost converter system is addressed by using a continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (CTSMC) technique based on finite-time disturbance observer. By integrating the disturbance estimations into the controller design, an improved sliding mode control (SMC) approach is developed to achieve better voltage tracking performance. The proposed control method admits the properties of fast transient responses, strong suppression ability against time-varying disturbances and small steady state oscillations of output voltage. Experimental results in the presence of both load variations and supplied voltage fluctuations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the proposed fall detection method outperforms the other methods in terms of higher accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity values.
Abstract: Automatic fall detection using radar aids in better assisted living and smarter health care. In this brief, a novel time series-based method for detecting fall incidents in human daily activities is proposed. A time series in the slow-time is obtained by summing all the range bins corresponding to fast-time of the ultra wideband radar return signals. This time series is used as input to the proposed deep convolutional neural network for automatic feature extraction. In contrast to other existing methods, the proposed fall detection method relies on multi-level feature learning directly from the radar time series signals. In particular, the proposed method utilizes a deep convolutional neural network for automating feature extraction as well as global maximum pooling technique for enhancing model discriminability. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the state-of-the-art, such as recurrent neural network, multi-layer perceptron, and dynamic time warping techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed fall detection method outperforms the other methods in terms of higher accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity values.
TL;DR: A hybrid censoring strategy is developed to reach resilient consensus for cooperative agents in the directed networks in which some Byzantine agents are present, and sufficient conditions based on network robustness are established when the number of Byzantine agents is locally bounded.
Abstract: This brief investigates resilient consensus problems of hybrid multi-agent systems containing both continuous-time dynamical agents and discrete-time dynamical agents. A hybrid censoring strategy is developed to reach resilient consensus for cooperative agents in the directed networks in which some Byzantine agents are present. The number, location, and dynamics of Byzantine agents are assumed to be unavailable to the cooperative agents. Sufficient conditions based on network robustness are established when the number of Byzantine agents is locally bounded. They are further extended to cope with resilient scaled hybrid consensus where dictated ratios instead of a common value can be reached. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
TL;DR: This brief proposes the design and measurement of tunable, highly selective and wide-stopband microwave filters using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, and a prototype is fabricated on RT/duroid 5870 substrate and measured.
Abstract: This brief propose the design and measurement of tunable, highly selective and wide-stopband microwave filters using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A two pole filter is designed using optimized cavity parameters. Two higher order (4-pole) filters are designed by connecting two cavities vertically and horizontally through coupling slots. In this way, four poles are achieved in two cavities, in which the proposed filter produces $2\times \text{N}$ poles in N cavities. A varactor diode is employed in both configurations to make the filters tunable. The proposed filters have wide upper stopband performance [20 dB up to $4.8f_{1}$ (Filter 1) and 20 dB up to $4.2f_{1}$ (Filter 2)], lower insertion losses [0.2-1.1 dB (Filter 1) and 0.2-1.5 dB (Filter 2)] and good tunability ranges [2.7–3.4 GHz (Filter 1) and 3.1–3.9 GHz (Filter 2)]. In order to validate the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated on RT/duroid 5870 substrate and measured. The simulated results accord closely with the measured results.
TL;DR: A new cross-connected compact switched capacitor (C3SC) cell is introduced for multilevel inverter applications and all the switches of the proposed topology have a maximum blocking voltage within the input dc voltage.
Abstract: In this brief, a new cross-connected compact switched capacitor (C3SC) cell is introduced for multilevel inverter applications. The proposed CCS cell uses four switches and two diodes for interconnecting the input dc source and floating capacitors (FCs). A nine-level inverter is derived with the proposed C2SC cell requiring only ten switches and two FCs. The proposed C3SC cell-based MLI is self-balancing and has a voltage gain of two. All the switches of the proposed topology have a maximum blocking voltage within the input dc voltage ( v $_{in}$ ) value. The operating principle is detailed, and a simple logic gate based gate pulse generation scheme is presented. Detailed simulations and experimental results obtained from an 850 W prototype with several test cases are presented to validate the operation of the proposed topology. Finally, a detailed comparative assessment is performed with other recent SCMLIs to demonstrate the merits and superiority of the proposed topology.
TL;DR: A rigorous theoretical proof is given to show that the proposed design condition is less conservative than some existing conditions, and the effectiveness of the proposed condition is successfully demonstrated by a numerical example.
Abstract: This brief further studies the problem of output feedback $\boldsymbol {\mathcal {H}}_{\boldsymbol \infty }$ control for discrete-time systems. A new condition for output feedback $\boldsymbol {\mathcal {H}}_{\boldsymbol \infty }$ controller design is proposed. The condition is represented in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) with two scalar parameters. In comparison with the existing results, the proposed condition decreases the dimension of the matrix inequality. A rigorous theoretical proof is given to show that the proposed design condition is less conservative than some existing conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed condition is successfully demonstrated by a numerical example.