Showing papers in "IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, a new concept in the design of switched-mode power conversion circuitry is presented, and a thorough discussion of the background, development, and operation of the?uk converter and several of its extensions is included.
Abstract: A new concept in the design of switched-mode power conversion circuitry is presented. Because of its extreme simplicity, flexibility, and efficiency, it has the potential to replace some conventional electrical power processing methods currently in use. A thorough discussion of the background, development, and operation of the ?uk converter and several of its extensions is included. The coupled-inductor technique further improves efficiency and reduces size and weight. The basic converter and its extensions to two-quadrant and four-quadrant operation are attractive for many applications, i.e., solar (dc) to utility line (ac) power conversion, variable speed dc or ac motor drives, switching power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies, and many others.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of important practical extensions to the basic?uk converter are presented, including dc isolation, multiple-output power sources, and a physical realization of the dc-to-dc transformer, a device which converts from pure dc (no voltage or current ripple) at one terminal, to pure dc at a different voltage at the other terminal.
Abstract: A number of important practical extensions to the basic ?uk converter are presented. They include dc isolation, multiple-output power sources, and a physical realization of the sought for hypothetical dc-to-dc transformer, a device which converts from pure dc (no voltage or current ripple) at one terminal, to pure dc (at a different voltage) at the other terminal. The application of the circuit in a highly efficient amplifier for the servo control of a dc motor or other loads is also presented.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrical control method of absorbing arm vibrations of industrial robots is described, where dampers are composed as electric manners by utilizing arm acceleration feedback to actuators of an industrial robot Acceleration signals are fed back to the corresponding actuators passed through phase compensation circuits.
Abstract: This paper describes an electrical control method of absorbing arm vibrations of industrial robots Arm vibration problems are divided into two categories: resonance vibration phenomenon depending on actuator velocity and transient oscillations caused by acceleration change of actuators Because resonance frequency of an industrial robot changes more than double due to the arm posture, mechanical vibration absorbing methods may not be easily utilized The method applied in this paper is to compose dampers as electric manners by utilizing arm acceleration feedback to actuators of an industrial robot Acceleration sensors are attached on three axes which construct a robot arm Acceleration signals are fed back to the corresponding actuators passed through phase compensation circuits By experiments applied to an industrial robot, this method has been proved to be effective in eliminating both resonance and transient vibrations According to this control, a smart motion industrial robot which does not have resonance characteristics and operates speedily and smoothly has been realized
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the two most prevalent approaches of welding sensing, i.e., optical and through-the arc sensing, are covered and problems unique to arc welding sensing are identified and sensor requirements are categorized as a function of welding design requirements.
Abstract: Robotic arc welding and its dependence on sensory feed-back control for successful application is discussed. Problems unique to arc weld sensing are identified and sensor requirements are categorized as a function of welding design requirements, joint imperfections, weld shape deviations, and process characteristics. The two most prevalent approaches of weld sensing, i.e., optical and through-the arc sensing, are covered.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a remote inspection system for reducing the down time of facility and occupational radiation exposure to inspection personnel in nuclear facilities, which is called Remote Inspection System (RIS).
Abstract: Developing a remote inspection system is an urgent necessity for reducing the down time of facility and occupational radiation exposure to inspection personnel in nuclear facilities.
42 citations
TL;DR: The equation seen is seen to be an extension of Parseval's theorem and is very useful for calculating the energy content of pulses that are difficult to treat in the time domain.
Abstract: The paper first presents an analysis which leads to an equation useful for calculating energy in the frequency domain. The equation is seen to be an extension of Parseval's theorem and is very useful for calculating the energy content of pulses that are difficult to treat in the time domain. An algorithm based on the equation has been programmed in Fortran. The details of the algorithm and the program were presented elsewhere [1]; only a few details are discussed in this paper. Finally, an application of the method to the calculation of transient energy in power distribution networks is discussed.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the design description, operation, and preliminary evaluation of a multifunction sensing device that is capable of measuring two axes of angular rate and two axis of linear acceleration from a single instrument is described.
Abstract: This paper covers the design description, operation, and preliminary evaluation of a multifunction sensing device that is capable of measuring two axes of angular rate and two axes of linear acceleration from a single instrument. The equations for obtaining three axes of angular rate and three axes of linear acceleration from a single instrument are also developed. Test data is presented that illustrates state-of-the-art performance on available multifunction sensors. Finally, methods of improving the performance of multifunction sensors are discussed.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a small signal equivalent-circuit model is obtained which represents both input and output properties of the nonlinear converter and the results are presented in the form of linear equivalent circuit models, as well as transfer functions.
Abstract: The current-injected equivalent-circuit approach has been developed for modelling and analysis of switching dc-dc converters and is very versatile. This approach can also be applied for modelling and analysis of complex converters or cascaded converters. To demonstrate the ability of the current-injected equivalent-circuit approach, the modelling and analysis of a Cuk converter is carried out. A small signal equivalent-circuit model is obtained which represents both input and output properties of the nonlinear converter. The results are presented in the form of linear equivalent-circuit models, as well as transfer functions.
20 citations
TL;DR: This paper discusses two methods of analysis that have been utilized for fault detection that require the computation of the Fourier transform while the second is based on the autocorrelation function.
Abstract: The main objective of this work is to develop an on-board microprocessor-based device to detect faults in reciprocating combustion engines. This paper discusses two methods of analysis that have been utilized for fault detection. The first method requires the computation of the Fourier transform, while the second is based on the autocorrelation function. Both the methods provide encouraging results for the few cases that have been studied so far.
18 citations
TL;DR: The history of microcomputer application in automotive electronics is briefly reviewed in this paper, where the authors present a chronological introduction of micro-computer-controlled functions for engine, transmission, entertainment/comfort/convenience, and instrument panel control.
Abstract: The history of microcomputer application in automotive electronics is briefly reviewed. American, Japanese, and European automobile manufacturer's microcomputer products are considered, and representative production designs are compared. Differences in approaches and problem solutions are examined. The chronological introduction of microcomputer-controlled functions is presented for engine, transmission, entertainment/comfort/convenience, and instrument panel control. Growth trends are noted for each category, and future automotive microcomputer applications are discussed. Projections are made of future semiconductor VLSI technology and automotive microcomputers.
17 citations
TL;DR: The role of vision as a robotic sensory process is discussed and compared with the other robotic sensory processes and some fundamentals of machine vision processing are discussed for the binary, gray-scale, and three-dimensional cases.
Abstract: This paper examines robotic vision and its relation to computer vision. The role of vision as a robotic sensory process is discussed and compared with the other robotic sensory processes. Some fundamentals of machine vision processing are discussed for the binary, gray-scale, and three-dimensional cases. The paper stresses the need for three-dimensional vision processing for robotic tasks. Architectures and control structures for several different vision processing approaches are explored.
TL;DR: In this paper, a microprocessor-based scheme that generates the necessary synchronization logical signals for three-phase static power converter control systems is presented, where the problem of detecting the phase-to-phase voltage zero-crossing in presence of noise generated by thyristor commutations in constant and in variable frequency supplies is discussed.
Abstract: This paper presents a microprocessor-based scheme that generates the necessary synchronization logical signals for three-phase static power converter control systems. The problem of detecting the phase-to-phase voltage zero-crossing in presence of noise generated by thyristor commutations in constant and in variable frequency supplies is discussed, and a microcomputer software solution is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, a new cruise control system incorporating a microprocessor has been developed, which provides a preset speed function to preset a driving speed with a dial, and functions such as transmission control and fail-safe-against-abnormality have been realized.
Abstract: A new cruise-control system incorporating a microprocessor has been developed. This system provides a preset speed function to preset a driving speed with a dial. Functions such as transmission control and fail-safe-against-abnormality have been realized.
TL;DR: The application of a state language to the real-time control of a hybrid electric vehicle is explained.
Abstract: The application of a state language to the real-time control of a hybrid electric vehicle is explained. The state language has been developed both as a specification aid to the system designer and as a means for the programmer to produce microcomputer software. A translator program, which was developed on a VAX minicomputer, preprocesses the state language into a software module to be compiled by the standard Intel PL/M 86 compiler.
TL;DR: By the 1984 model year, virtually all spark-ignition passenger cars sold in the United States will contain microprocessor-based electronics to meet prescribed emissions and fuel economy levels as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: By the 1984 model year, virtually all spark-ignition passenger cars sold in the United States will contain microprocessor-based electronics to meet prescribed emissions and fuel economy levels. Effective implementation of engine control strategies to meet these objectives through the use of electronics, particularly microprocessor-based electronics. depends on a broad knowledge of many diverse engineering disciplines?from basic concepts of emissions control, through microprocessor and semiconductor memory architecture and operation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some highlights of foreign efforts in robotics and artificial intelligence research and development and briefly examine the international cooperation of many programs in Western Europe, Japan, and the Eastern Bloc countries.
Abstract: World research and developments in robotics and artificial intelligence have received significant attention in the past few years. While the United States has both an active and advanced program in robotics and artificial intelligence, other countries have been working and organizing their activities and are starting to produce some interesting results. This paper will present some highlights of foreign efforts in robotics and artificial intelligence research and development. It is not the purpose of this paper to be all inclusive of every foreign robotics program, but to give a sample of selective developments and briefly examine the international cooperation of many programs. Projects in Western Europe, Japan, and the Eastern Bloc countries will be discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a new speed measurement method using a microcomputer is presented, in which a definite small fraction of time for one revolution is counted using a software technique, and a definite bit size of the count is maintained by continuing counting over an optimum multiple of the initially measured time interval in case the bit-size of the initial count is less than a preset value.
Abstract: A new speed measurement method using a microcomputer is presented. In the initial part of the measurement, a definite small fraction of time for one revolution is counted using a software technique. A definite bit-size of the count is maintained by continuing counting over an optimum multiple of the initially measured time interval in case the bit-size of the initial count is less than a preset value. The multiple of the initial time period is measured with the help of an external counter, without any break in the continuity of counting. The speed is computed from the time count and displayed. For this measurement, only a standard digital speed transducer, a counter, and a microcomputer kit are required. The method has a small data acquisition and processing time, and gives a high accuracy that is programmable over a wide range of speed. The method is also quite economical.
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, a second-order dc motor model is shown to be equivalent to a series resonant electrical circuit, and frequency response measurements of the motor, when treated as an electrical impedance, form the basis of a measurement technique which has certain practical advantages.
Abstract: This paper introduces a technique for measuring the parameters of high-performance dc motors. A second-order motor model, under certain conditions, is shown to be equivalent to a series resonant electrical circuit. Frequency response measurements of the motor, when treated as an electrical impedance, form the basis of a measurement technique which has certain practical advantages. Results are compared to measurements made using conventional methods.
TL;DR: An electronic system has been developed to evaluate serial multiplexing protocols which utilize synchronously clocked data bits on a bidirectional line that is assumed to be implemented in a master controller-slave controller form.
Abstract: An electronic system has been developed to evaluate serial multiplexing protocols which utilize synchronously clocked data bits on a bidirectional line. The architecture of the system is assumed to be implemented in a master controller-slave controller(s) form. The controllers are microprocessor-based and utilize EPROM storage for easy modification of the control programs.
TL;DR: In this article, an inexpensive quadrature oscillator which can operate as a rapidly responding voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in two phases is presented. But the main aim of the work is to use the instrument in association with a precisely stabilized quickly responding cyclo-converter.
Abstract: The initial aim of the work has been the development of an inexpensive quadrature oscillator which can operate as a rapidly responding voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in two phases. Such rapid operation in quadrature is needed in association with quickly operating phase-locked loops for frequency synthesizers and similar applications. Other applications, where the relatively large speed is not essential, but where the phase shifts between various outputs should be precise, are mentioned in concluding this section. The electronic realization is made relatively cheap by proposing a replacement of the instantaneous amplitude measuring operation of square and sum (x 2 + y 2 ) (associated in the process of amplitude stabilization) by an operation of three-phase rectification. This leads to the construction of a versatile instrument which generates three-phase signals as well as two-phase signals (the two-phase signals are both sinewaves in quadrature and also square waves in quadrature). All these waveforms are capable of participating in the system performance as a VCO at a relatively large rate of frequency changes. A reversal in the order of phases when the frequency-control voltage crosses zero is also exhibited. This is needed in applications in industrial and power electronics. Our main aim now is to use the instrument in association with a precisely stabilized quickly responding cyclo-converter. Other possible applications of the instrument are in the field of precise measurements (for example, in the detection of signals by lock-in amplification there exists a frequent need for quadrature operation) and in telecommunication.
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and testing of a microcomputer-controlled powertrain for a hybrid (heat engine/electric) vehicle are described, and the detailed control strategy used and its software implementation on the Intel 8086 microcomputer are discussed.
Abstract: The design and testing of a microcomputer-controlled powertrain for a hybrid (heat engine/electric) vehicle are described in this paper. The detailed control strategy used and its software implementation on the Intel 8086 microcomputer are discussed. The powertrain is made up of an electric motor, gasoline engine, automatic transmission with the torque converter removed, engine and electric motor clutches, and Hy-Vo transfer chains. The drive system has been installed in vehicles and tested on a chassis dynamometer. Test results show smooth shifting of the transmission and sequencing of the clutches in the different hybrid operating modes. The overall performance of the hybrid car is good, and driveability is comparable to a conventional automobile.
NEC1
TL;DR: In this paper, a Universal Control Unit (UCU), Data Acquisition Unit (DAU), and Engine Simulation Unit (ESU) have been developed for an engine control development system.
Abstract: Making full use of microcomputers, a Universal Control Unit (UCU), Data Acquisition Unit (DAU), and Engine Simulation Unit (ESU), have been developed for an engine control development system. The UCU has been designed to perform many types of engine control. The DAU is employed to sample various data and to change the control program and characteristics data. Both units can be mounted within an automobile if necessary. The ESU simulates engine performance. The system consisting of a commercially available program design aid and personal computer, as well as these units, facilitates evaluating hardware and software of various control units, and efficiently reduces development time and cost.
TL;DR: A microprocessor-based multiloop process controller which provides the user with, in one unit, a software package combining feedback, feed-forward, ratio, and cascade control functions.
Abstract: This paper describes a microprocessor-based multiloop process controller which can be readily utilized in a broad range of industrial applications. The controller, developed around Intel's 8085 microprocessor, provides the user with, in one unit, a software package combining feedback, feed-forward, ratio, and cascade control functions.
TL;DR: One of the most interesting ways of improving the low-speed performance of spark-ignition engines is the variation of the valve timing in order to reduce mechanical losses as mentioned in this paper, which has been shown to improve the performance.
Abstract: One of the most interesting ways of improving the lowspeed performance of spark-ignition engines is the variation of the valve timing in order to reduce mechanical losses.
Abstract: This paper describes a method to obtain an additional compensating input for discrete and time-invariant systems when known changes in their parameters occur. The method uses a quadratic cost function for solving a matrix Riccati equation. The regulated variable is the state error signal between the current system and nominal model which contains all of the information about the desired system behavior.
TL;DR: A microprocessor-based voice input system for automobiles has been developed by Nissan and a special car equipped with the voice input System was exhibited at the 1981 Tokyo Motor Show.
Abstract: A microprocessor-based voice input system for automobiles has been developed by Nissan. A special car equipped with the voice input system was exhibited at the 1981 Tokyo Motor Show.
TL;DR: In this article, an integrating mass flow sensor and display system is described, which has capabilities to measure mass flow over a 2-to 100-kg/h range with a typical total long-term inaccuracy of no more than ± 0.2 percent of reading.
Abstract: A microprocessor can be used with a balance, weight set, and beaker to provide an economical and accurate measure of engine fuel consumption rate. The microprocessor controls the mechanical hardware, performs calculations, communicates with peripheral devices, and accepts calibration values. In this paper an integrating mass flow sensor and display system, which has been developed, is described. It uses an Intel microprocessor linked to a mechanical balance beam scale. It currently has capabilities to measure mass flow over a 2-to 100- kg/h range with a typical total long-term inaccuracy of no more than ± 0.2 percent of reading. It can also receive engine power output data and calculate normalized brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), g/kWh. Integration time, flow rate, and bsfc are displayed on the front panel and are made available to peripheral devices using an EIA standard RS232C format.
TL;DR: Tests on system performance indicate that it is capable of fast processing element execution times and fast interprocessor message transfers.
Abstract: A multiple microcomputer system which is useful for real-time simulation of both complex and fast response systems has been designed and constructed. Interprocessor communication between five microprocessors is done in parallel using direct memory access techniques. Tests on system performance indicate that it is capable of fast processing element execution times and fast interprocessor message transfers.
TL;DR: A sensory-based robot for arc welding, RW-250 family, dedicated to heavy industries which handle large steel constructions, is described in this paper, where the robot has a wider operation range, narrower space accessibility, and more intelligence than has the conventional one.
Abstract: This paper describes a sensory-based robot for arc welding, RW-250 family, dedicated to heavy industries which handle large steel constructions. It is required that the arc welding robot for large steel constructions have a wider operation range, narrower space accessibility, and more intelligence than has the conventional one.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of source inductance on the behavior of a dc separately excited motor with a rectified, single-phase supply was investigated, and two methods of solving the analytical aspect of the problem were given.
Abstract: This paper describes the effect of source inductance on the behavior of a dc separately excited motor with thyristor controlled, rectified, single-phase supply. Two methods of solving the analytical aspect of the problem are given. One of these is exact but complicated, involving a large computer time, while the other gives an approximate result but is straightforward to achieve. Comparison between the two methods shows that the approximate result is reasonable, even under bad supply conditions, for all load conditions, if the armature current is continuous. If the ratio of armature inductance to supply inductance is small, one has to use the exact solution for accurate results.