Showing papers in "Immunity in 2005"

TL;DR: A member of theIL-1 family, IL-33, which mediates its biological effects via IL-1 receptor ST 2, activates NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and drives production of T(H)2-associated cytokines from in vitro polarized T( H)2 cells is reported.

TL;DR: Analysis of Foxp3 expression during thymic development suggests that this mechanism is not hard-wired but is dependent on TCR/MHC ligand interactions, and it is shown that expression ofFoxp3 is highly restricted to the subset alphabeta of T cells and, irrespective of CD25 expression, correlates with suppressor activity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that nucleoside modifications suppress the potential of RNA to activate DCs, and the innate immune system may detect RNA lacking nucleosides modification as a means of selectively responding to bacteria or necrotic tissue.

TL;DR: It is shown by gene targeting that RIG-I is essential for induction of type I interferons (IFNs) after infection with RNA viruses in fibroblasts and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) and exert antiviral responses in a cell type-specific manner.

TL;DR: Functional polarization of macrophages into M1 or M2 cells is an operationally useful, simplified conceptual framework describing the plasticity of mononuclear phagocytes.

TL;DR: It is shown that IDO-expressing plasmacytoid DCs activate the GCN2 kinase pathway in responding T cells, allowing them to detect and respond to conditions created by IDO.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that LCs were dispensable for triggering hapten-specific T cell effectors through skin immunization through knockin mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the langerin (CD207) gene.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the beta-glucan receptor Dectin-1, a yeast binding C type lectin known to synergize with TLR2 to induce TNF alpha and IL-12, can also promote synthesis of IL-2 andIL-10 through phosphorylation of the membrane proximal tyrosine in the cytoplasmic domain and recruitment of Syk kinase.

TL;DR: It is shown that IL-17, a cytokine that regulates granulopoiesis through G-CSF, is made by gammadelta T cells and unconventional alphabeta T cells, which are expanded in mice that lack leukocyte adhesion molecules, which have neutrophilia and defective neutrophil trafficking.

TL;DR: Using high-resolution light microscopy and 3D reconstruction, it is shown here that these conduits are unique basement membrane-like structures ensheathed by fibroblastic reticular cells with occasional resident DC embedded within this cell layer.

TL;DR: The FcgammaR system has evolved distinct activation receptors displaying selectivity for IgG subclasses, with IgG1 antibodies exclusively dependent on FcGammaRIII, whereas IgG 2a and IgG2b show preferential dependence on F cgamma RIV activation.

TL;DR: How the challenge of recognizing diverse molecular patterns is met by combinatorial interactions between phagocytic receptors is discussed and an important role for genetically tractable model organisms is indicated in defining key components of this evolutionarily conserved process.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the cellular mechanism by which Aire exerts its tolerance-promoting function is not primarily positive selection of regulatory T cells, but rather negative selection of T effector cells.

TL;DR: Rec reciprocal contribution of B-1a and B- 1b subsets to innate and acquired immunity reveals an unexpected division of labor within the B-2 compartment that is normally balanced by their coordinated development.

TL;DR: Induced in human peripheral lymphocyte cells after mitogen stimulation, in human epithelial cells by IFNgamma, and in NK cells after exposure to the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18, IL-32 may play a role in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: It is found that contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was amplified rather than abrogated in the absence of LCs, and LCs not only were dispensable for CHS, but they served to regulate the response, a previously unappreciated function.

TL;DR: The long CDR H3 of the antibody extends beyond the bound peptide in an orientation that suggests that its apex could contact the viral membrane when 4E10 is bound to its membrane-proximal epitope.

TL;DR: The evidence that HIV-1 encodes viral siRNA precursors in its genome is reported and that natural HIV- 1 infection provokes nucleic acid-based immunity in human cells is reported.

TL;DR: A mechanism for immunosurveillance of MHC-II-negative cancer cells by tumor-specific CD4+ T cells by collaboration with macrophages through collaboration with T cell-derived IFNgamma is indicated.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that antigen endocytosed by the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcgammaRIIB, accesses a non-degradative intracellular vesicular compartment that recycles to the cell surface, enabling interaction of native antigen with BCR on B cells.

TL;DR: The data identify a new NK precursor and support a model of human NK development in which BM-derived CD34dimCD45RA(+)beta7bright HPCs reside in LN where endogenous cytokines drive their differentiation to CD56bright NK cells in vivo.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that regulatory T cells have modifying effects on blood-stage infection in vivo in humans through the natural route and that P. falciparum-mediated induction of Regulatory T cells may represent a parasite-specific virulence factor.

TL;DR: GzmA induces a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss, but does not cleave bid or cause apoptogenic factor release, and mitochondrial damage is an essential first step in killer cell granule-mediated pathways of apoptosis.

TL;DR: The BM functions as a major reservoir for TCMs by providing specific recruitment signals that act in sequence to mediate the constitutive recruitment of TCMs from the blood.

TL;DR: It is shown here that a third form of communication between cells can be mediated by tunneling nanotubules (TNT), and that nonneuronal cells can transmit signals to distant cells through a physically connected network.

TL;DR: Interaction with DCs is a major mechanism driving T cell reactivation in vivo, even during a tissue-specific infection of the respiratory tract.

TL;DR: FcαRI is redefined as a bifunctional inhibitory/activating receptor of the immune system that mediates both anti- and proinflammatory functions of IgA.

TL;DR: In this paper, T-cell-specific TNF ablation may provide a therapeutic advantage over systemic blockade over Listeria infection in mice with TNFAblation targeted to various leukocyte subsets.

TL;DR: It is concluded that LT alpha 1 bet a2 acts on DCs or DC precursors to promote DC homeostasis, and it is suggested that DC proliferation is an important pathway for locally maintaining these cells in the steady state.

TL;DR: The data support a model whereby CARMA1 phosphorylation controls NF-kappaB activation by triggering a shift from an inactive to an activeCARMA1 conformer, and this PKC-dependent switch regulates accessibility of the CARD and CC domains and controls assembly and full activation of the membrane-associated IkappaB kinase (IKK) signalosome.