Showing papers in "Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development in 1962"

An analytical approach to plasma torch chemistry

Abstract: Available thermodynamic and kinetic data were applied to predict quantitatively the over-all results that are obtained when hot hydrogen from the plasma torch is mixed with methane and the mixture is subsequently quenched. The results of the analytical treatment were compared to experimental data and the agreement was very good. A better understanding of the critical variables in this high temperature process was obtained from the analysis.

A Method for Improving Heat Transfer to a Boiling Fluid

Abstract: Heat transfer rates from thermally conductive solids to boiling liquids can be improved by coating the solid with an insulator having sufficient insulation value to adjust the temperature difference between the coated solid and the liquid nitrogen to a value where more efficient heat transfer will result. The method is particularly applicable to conditions where the solid is at a much higher temperature than the boiling liquid. Under these conditions stable film boiling occurs. The solid is then blanketed by a stable, highly insulating layer of vapor resuiting in a low heat transfer rate. By coating the solid with an insulator, it is possible to alter the regime oi boiling from stable film boiling to unstable film or nucleate boiling where higher heat transfer rates are possible. (auth)

Shock-Tube Experiments Involving Phase Changes

Abstract: A shock tube, vertically mounted, contains a liquid in the lower driver section; the upper driven section is either filled with gas at some selected pressure or is vented to atmosphere. The liquid is heated under pressure such that boiling is prevented; it is then suddenly decompressed by the bursting of a diaphragm separating the driver from the driven section. As the diaphragm breaks, a decompression pulse is propagated downward through the fluid; at the same time, the heated liquid will start to vaporize at the interface and will eventually discharge vapor into the driven section. Pressure-time recordings are taken at different stations, along the tube; the results obtained within the driver section allow a comparison of the propagation and attenuation of the decompression pulse in cold water and preheatcd water. From pressure records taken at the driven section, vaporization proceeds at a rather slow rate, and independently of the wave motion ensuing diaphragm rupture. (auth)

The Production of Cyanogen from the Elements, Using A Plasma Jet. Graphite and Pyrolytic Graphite Successfully Used as Electrode Materials

Abstract: The production of cyanogen under practicable conditions for limited industrial application with yields up to 15%, based on the carbon input, from a consumable carbon cathode with nitrogen and argon as plasma gases, is described. A systematic study of the use of ordinary and pyrolitic graphite as electrode materials is presented. (auth)

Role of the Packing in a Scheibel Extractor

Abstract: Drop size in a Scheibel extractor is determined by drop size in the mixing sections, Very little change in average drop size takes place in the packing. The amount of extraction in Yorkmesh packing was measured by using a sampling technique developed to obtain point concentrations of both streams inside the column. Drop size and hold-up in a Scheibel column at constant stirrer speed closely paralleled that of a packed column. Stirrer speed had a marked effect on transfer area and concentration gradient in the packed sections. The magnitude of these effects was determined for the methyl isobutyl ketone-- acetic acid-- water system in a four-stage Scheibel extractor. (auth)