Showing papers in "International Journal for Parasitology in 2006"

TL;DR: The phylogenetic trees derived from this study suggest that several currently utilised characters may be homoplasious or that reliance on a single gene tree may not adequately reflect the phylogeny of the myxosporeans.

TL;DR: Nine PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism markers with each of them capable of distinguishing the three archetypal T. gondii alleles in one restriction-enzyme reaction by agarose gel electrophoresis are developed and showed that they could readily distinguish the archetyPal from atypical types and reveal the genetic diversity of the parasites.

TL;DR: The geographic range of I. scapularis-borne zoonoses may, therefore, expand significantly northwards as a consequence of climate change this century.

TL;DR: Evidence for each mechanism of action attributed to artemisinin includes interference with parasite transport proteins, disruption of parasite mitochondrial function, modulation of host immune function and inhibition of angiogenesis, and the evidence for each is reviewed.

TL;DR: The role of haem enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and haem oxygenase-1, are discussed, as potentially being components of mechanisms that protect host tissue against the effects of cytokine- and leukocyte-mediated stress induced by malaria infection.

TL;DR: Evidence for mechanisms that influence the blood-brain barrier during malaria are summarised, including metabolic and inflammatory complications of severe disease acting 'at a distance' and the possible role for BBB dysfunction in this complex and challenging disease.

TL;DR: It is concluded that foxes, raccoon dogs and dogs are good hosts of E. multilocularis and cats play an insignificant role in parasite transmission.

TL;DR: The application of forward genetic and functional genomic approaches to the analysis of benzimidazole and ivermectin resistance is reviewed and the reasons for their relative success or failure are discussed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that many unknown molecular mechanisms are employed by schistosomes to survive within their host and imply that the unique tegumental structures comprise multiple unique components that are likely to fulfil yet unknown functions.

TL;DR: In cattle, the induction of anaemia was independent of T cells but its development differed with different trypanosome strains, so identification of the molecular pathways that lead to anaemia and haemophagocytosis should allow us to design new strategies to control disease.

TL;DR: The morphologic characteristics together with the phylogenetic analysis of two genetic loci support the assertion that B. duncani n.sp.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of the ultrastructure of Maurer's clefts, their proteinaceous composition and their function in protein trafficking are reviewed.

TL;DR: This is the first report of genetic hybrids occurring between such phylogenetically and epidemiologically distant species of Leishmania, and raises questions about the frequency of such cross-species genetic exchange in natural conditions, modalities of hybrid transmission, their long term maintenance as well as the consequences of these transfers on phenotypes such as drug resistance or pathogenicity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis is higher than previously thought due to the low sensitivity of meat inspection and that traditional coproscopy can be very efficient if there is repeated sampling, resulting in sensitivity of approximately 92%.

TL;DR: PCR-based genotyping could be applied directly to clinical samples or to small volume cultures and in a multilocus sequence typing format, and can be used to detect recombination indirectly and for population genetics studies.

TL;DR: In Africa and the Middle East, anthroponotic and zoonotic systems of distribution may contribute to the development of overlapping, genetically distinct populations of L. tropica.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the RNAi pathway is functional in H. contortus and that, under certain conditions, it is possible to suppress gene expression by RNAi, but it only works on a limited number of genes and the effect is small and difficult to reproduce.

TL;DR: It is shown that platelets can act as bridges between PRBC and endothelial cells (EC) allowing the binding of PRBC to endothelium devoid of cytoadherence receptors and platelets potentiated the cytotoxicity ofPRBC for brain EC by inducing an alteration of the integrity of their monolayer and increasing their apoptosis.

TL;DR: The results suggest that CD8(+)T lymphocytes induce apoptosis of endothelial cells via a perforin-dependent process, contributing to the fatal pathogenic process in murine cerebral malaria.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the small-scale (within and between-household) heterogeneity of helminth infection in an area of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with rural and urban sectors.

TL;DR: Two composite behavioural variables Self-Control and Clothes Tidiness and Relationships showed a significant effect of the toxoplasmosis-gender interaction with infected men scoring significantly lower than uninfected men and a trend in the opposite direction in women.

TL;DR: This paper adds to previous phylogenetic studies on the family Schistosomatidae and offers the most up to date and robust phylogeny of the group based on complete small and large nuclear subunit rRNA genes and partial mitochondrial cox1, incorporating most of the 21 species of SchistOSoma.

TL;DR: Overall, the results suggest that intensity and abundance of infection are real species characters, though somewhat variable, and supports the view that the biological features of parasite species can potentially override local environmental conditions in driving parasite population dynamics.

TL;DR: Analysis of Giardia DNA samples directly isolated from human stool specimens revealed different sub-clustering for human and animal isolates where host-species-specific assemblages (C, D, E, F and G) could be identified.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented experimental support for the hypothesis that ectoparasite infection increases susceptibility of fish to a bacterial pathogen, and they showed that infection with A. coregoni and F. columnare alone led to significantly lower survival.

TL;DR: Intravital imaging reveals new, important information on the malaria parasite's transition from tissue to blood stage as previously unrecognised features of liver stages including vigorous parasite movement and expulsion of 'extrusomes' are identified.

TL;DR: The synchrony between the fly population dynamics and the biology of the nematode in the definitive host provides an interesting model for exploring the co-evolution of Thelazia spp.

TL;DR: The properties of immunophilins in parasites and the 'animal model' Caenorhabditis elegans are discussed and these are related to the understanding of the roles of these proteins in cellular biochemistry, host-parasite interaction and the antiparasitic mechanisms of the drugs that bind to them.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in this population of stray cats captured between 1993 and 2004, vertical transmission is rare, low predation limits prevalence, and oocyst survival is a determining factor in the risk of infection.

TL;DR: Although multiple pathways may lead to CM, an important role for CD8+ T cells has been clarified and what remains to be studied to understand the pathways by which these cells mediate CM is discussed.