Showing papers in "International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology in 2020"

IoT enabled Smart Monitoring of Coronavirus empowered with Fuzzy Inference System

Abstract: Almost 3,000 cases of respiratory disease due to a new coronavirus from Wuhan, China were registered between 1 December 2019 and 26 January 2020. The diagnosis of coronavirus in a human being on a wide scale was so hectic. This proposed research implements an Internet of Things (IoT) approach enabled by Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to intelligently and efficiently predict the coronavirus known as ' IoT enabled Smart Monitoring of Coronavirus empowered with Fuzzy Inference System (IoTSMCFIS) ' which smartly monitors and predicts either human is the victim of Coronavirus or not. For simulations, the IoTSMCFIS proposed system uses MATLAB 2019a and the proposed system indicates promising results regarding the simulations.

IoT based smart car parking system

Abstract: This paper presents an IoT Based Smart Car Parking System which displays the parking slot number of vacant slots on the LCD display when the car arrives at the gate. It initially checks the presence of the vehicle in each of the parking slots and then displays the slot number of a vacant slot on an LCD display placed near the gate. This guides the new car to park at the appropriate slot. The status of each parking slot is also uploaded onto thingspeak cloud platform. Raspberry pi is used to control the whole mechanism. This prototype also gives an option of controlling the opening/closing of the gate by a website. The gate can be controlled by a website created using HTML and flask package in Raspbian Operating System. This feature is added for security purposes. The objective of this paper is to develop an intelligent, user-friendly automated car parking system that reduces the manpower and traffic congestion and to offer safe and secure parking slots within a limited area.

Drone usage to combat COVID -19: an extensive survey of how drones are used to contain COVID -19 pandemic

Abstract: This paper evaluates the vital role of drones in the case of the current pandemic situation COVID – 19. The main objective of this paper is to assess how drones can play a crucial role at this time of crisis by containing the spread of the virus. Drones or unmanned vehicles have been in use for many purposes during natural calamities and disasters. These include earthquakes, flooding, Tsunami, etc. Here, in this paper, we emphasize how drones can be used to contain the current COVID -19 pandemic by spraying disinfectant on various surfaces. Since the coronavirus is a fast-spreading disease by means of person to person contact and surface contact, it has to be contained to a large extent to avoid further spreading of the virus. Drones play a crucial role in containing the surface spread of COVID – 19 by spraying disinfectants in hotspot areas such as malls, hospitals, high rise buildings, and other public places. Here, we have also discussed the importance of sanitization to stop the spread of the virus.

Automated seed sowing robot

Abstract: Agriculture is the backbone for India. In agriculture ploughing, seed sowing is one of the major stages. Traditionally the farmer will engage labor for ploughing, seed sowing. Thus, it requires a lot of manpower and time taking process. For ploughing, farmers are using tractors and animals, Tractors will work on fossil fuels, fossil fuels will pollute the environment. Tractors also produce the sound which in turn produce the noise pollution, in the other hand the animals are used for ploughing the land instead of using them for ploughing the land, we can use for various tasks such as for products. Here we proposed the Automated Seed Sowing Robot which helps the farmer in ploughing the field and sowing the seeds and covering the seeds. The proposed Automated Seed Sowing Robot has 2 parts let us consider it as HEAD and TAIL. To the HEAD the blades are attached so that it will plough the land and the UR sensor is attached to detect the obstacles in the way. To the TAIL the seeds container is placed and the seeds are placed in a regular interval and at the haft is used to cover the seed.

Real-time facial expression recognition using CNN

Abstract: Enhancing modern day machines or computers to recognize various facial expressions and to understand human emotions from them in real time is an exigent research subject. Through this paper, I put forward a solution to recognize emotions by understanding different facial expressions by collecting live video through a Flask App created. I deploy a Flask App to video stream live feed captured through the local camera attached to the machine or computer system. The video captured is fed to various image extraction techniques. The facial features are identified by different operations provided by OpenCV and the region consisting of parts of the face are made to surround or enclose by a contour. This region, enclosed by the contour is used as an input to Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN model created consists of six activation layers, of which four are convolution layers and two are fully controlled layers. Each layer is designed to undergo several training techniques. The main objective of this project is to demonstrate the accuracy of Convolutional Neural Network model designed. The paper is concluded by discussing the outcomes of our project and the ways to improve the efficiency of the model. The scope of this project is also analyzed to enhance technologies developed in the near future.

The freedom of dark web: A digital scrutiny of terrorism on the dark web

Abstract: The terms Deep Web, Deep Net, Invisible Web, or Dark Web allude to the substance on the World Wide Web that isn’t recorded by standard web indexes. One can depict the Internet as made out of layers: the “upper” layer, or the Surface Web, can without much of a stretch be gotten to by standard quests. Be that as it may, “further” layers, the substance of the Deep Web, have not been filed by customary web crawlers, for example, Google. Michael K. Bergman who composed the fundamental paper on the Deep Web, contrasted looking through the Internet with hauling a net over the outside of the sea: an extraordinary arrangement might be trapped in the net, however there is an abundance of data that is more profound and thusly missed[1]. Truth be told, a large portion of the Web’s data is covered far down on locales, and standard web indexes can’t get to it.

Adapted 8Ds methodology in manufacturing industries for securing customer’s need

Abstract: This paper explores the contribution that can be given by 8Ds Methodology to secure customer concerns over quality issues and miss delivery of a product which created by production problem and at the end keeping the sustainability of organizations. Specifically analyzing the application of 8Ds Methodology in manufacturing industries located in Surabaya-Indonesia. The research method carried out is through field observations, following the problem analysis, setting up the action recommended and monitoring the progress of communication and result. Empirical evidence adds to the existing literature on this problem by showing the structured approach of 8Ds Methodology and using cause and effect matrix that significantly influences organizational performance in problem-solving of fail production startup and prevents customer complaints due to late product delivery. By following the 8Ds Methodology, strong teamwork, and employee learning behavior of problem-solving, the problem of production failure can finally be resolved and the customer's interests can be saved.

Identification of potent COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) inhibitors from Curcumin analogues by Molecular Docking Analysis

Abstract: These days, COVID-19, a new strain of coronavirus COVID-19 is rapidly spreading, has affected more than 210 countries and territories received global attention. The lack of efficacious medicines or vaccines in opposition to SARS-CoV-2 has also worsened the situation. Hence, there is a pressing want to increase up research for the improvement of potential therapeutics and low priced diagnostic in opposition to COVID-19. The crystallized form of COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) was illustrated by a Chinese researcher Liu et al. (2020) which is a novel therapeutic drug target. The goal of the study is to identify COVID-19 Mpro potential from mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin through binding free energy analysis into COVID-19 by utilizing molecular docking. We conducted docking simulation to mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin as ligands into the main protease of COVID-19 as a protein. The 3D structure of the COVID-19 Mpro was downloaded from PDB (Code ID: 6LU7). The structure of ligands was prepared using Chem Bio Draw Ultra 12.0.02. Docking process, the interaction, and binding of ligands – protein was done using the software Molegro Virtual Docking (MVD) and visualized using the software Molegro Molecular Viewer (MMV). The results showed hydrogen bonding and Steric interaction between compound A2 ( curcumin analogues) with, COVID-19. Moldock scores of compound A2 is -202.476 kcal/mol. It is predicted that compound A2 has potency as a lead compound to find new antiviral candidates against COVID-19 for possible therapeutic agents.

A pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of a structured interventional program on knowledge regarding care of patients with chest tube drainage among staff nurses in IGMC and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh

Abstract: Introduction: A chest tube insertion is a surgical procedure to remove the air, blood, pus, lymph, and fluid from the pleural space by inserting a hollow, flexible drainage tube through the side of the chest in the pleural space. A chest tube is a widespread therapeutic intervention for patients admitted to medical and surgical care areas. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding the care of the patient with chest tube drainage, To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured interventional program on knowledge regarding care of the patient with chest tube drainage among staff nurses, to find out the association between pre-test scores of knowledge regarding care of the patient with chest tube drainage with selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative one group pre-test and post-test design were conducted at IGMC and Hospital Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 40 staff nurses were selected by convenience sampling technique. The tool used for data collection was a structured knowledge questionnaire. A structured interventional program on care of patients with chest tube drainage with the use of ppt was administered. Results: The majority of the subjects 19(47.5%) fall in the age group between 26-30 years. With respect to education, 19(47.5) have done B.Sc nursing. 22 (55.0%) of the staff nurses had experienced between 2-3 years, and 34(85.0) of them belong to the Hindu religion. The majority had 20 (70%) average knowledge, 16 (40%) of staff nurses had poor knowledge and 4(10%) of them had good knowledge whereas after intervention majority 28(70%) of the subjects have good knowledge, 12(30%) of subjects has average knowledge and none of the subjects has poor knowledge regarding care of patients with chest tube drainage. The mean knowledge score in the pre-test was (16.6 ±7.98), in the post-test was (31.65±6.12) which indicates there is an increase in knowledge of the subjects. Conclusion: The study concluded that a structured interventional program on the care of the patient with chest tube drainage was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge of staff nurses. Staff nurses had a significant gain in knowledge regarding the care of patients with chest tube drainage.

A review of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID – 19)

Abstract: Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with nonsegmented, single-stranded and positive-sense RNA genomes., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronaviruses that have resulted in regional and global outbreaks Coronaviruses possess a distinctive morphology, the name being derived from the outer fringe, or ―corona‖ of the embedded envelope protein

Analytical overview of defuzzification methods

Abstract: Fuzzy systems are of basically two types- fuzzy controllers and fuzzy reasoning systems. Defuzzification is the last step of the fuzzy system, which converts the fuzzy output set to a crisp value. This paper discusses the essential set of parameters that a defuzzification method should exhibits. Classification of different defuzzification methods is presented and each method is evaluated briefly based on the parameters discussed. The analysis of these methods emphasizes the need for a defuzzification method suitable for fuzzy reasoning systems as well as fuzzy controllers.

IoT enabled T-shirt for long-term monitoring of sleep-disordered breathing

Abstract: Nowadays sleeping disorder is common among the people who work in metropolitan cities due to stress, pollution which often cause difficulty during sleeping. Diagnosing patients who have obstructive sleep apnea requires lab-based polysomnography, but over the years now more gadgets are available for sleep test. Today's technology has made life easier by offering many intelligent solutions to every problem in society, but when it comes to Sleeping Obstructive Disorder(SOD) still its in the initial stage. With the growing population for every year the number of patients are also increasing day by day. Hence a solution is required to automatically monitor and control the health status of a person. Hence, we proposed an IOT based Sleep Monitoring Device that has features like a fast WiFi module with local storage. The cardiac information is measured with the use of electro-resistive sensors and an accelerometer. In an effort to fix these problems, we've invented a new IOT-ready sleep monitoring gadget, which takes use of a new way of measuring cardiac and respiratory data with polymer-based innovation, and lets us record ECG and accelerometer results with only one lead. The NODEMCU allows the transfer of data in real time using a wireless internet connection, and it does so in line with industry standards.

IoT based vehicle emission monitoring system

Abstract: In the world, there are many problems regarding to the pollution. One of the major problems is air pollution. The air pollution has been increase because of more uses of the vehicle. Through the vehicle CO (Carbon Monoxide), HC (Hydrocarbon) are emitted which leads to global warming and it also affects animals and human health. If the vehicle is not maintain properly then the amount of smoke will get increase, which leads to increase in pollution. For this problem the solution is, we have developed a system i.e. Vehicle Emission Monitoring System that monitors the pollution exhausted from the vehicle. This system is based on IoT (Internet of Things). This system will be placed in the vehicle and starts monitoring when the vehicle’s engine get starts. The threshold value will be set according to the threshold value of PUC (Pollution Under Control) Center. When the exhaust value crosses about the threshold value alert message is send to the owner of the vehicle. The system consists of Arduino Mega 2560, CO sensors, HC sensors, air quality, GSM.

Analyzing the QoS metrics of DSR

Abstract: Mobile ad hoc networks have gained light in recent years and provide significant scope for research. Its various aspects considered for research include routing, bandwidth limitations, packet delivery ratio, etc. Researchers have proposed numerous routing algorithms for ad hoc networks among which, the DSR protocol is one effective protocol designed for MANETs. This protocol is highly adaptive to the topological changes in a network during data transmission, which enables the network to be self-configuring and self-organizing irrespective of the existent infrastructure. This paper explores the underlying concepts of the DSR protocol and analyzes its performance, along with a brief introduction to the wireless networks and routing protocols.

Management and utilization of Keratin Waste– A review

Abstract: Keratin is a major complex structural protein present in hair, wool, home, hoops, feathers and nails of animals. It is considered as an environmental pollutant because of its slow degradation and produced mostly at both domestic and industrial levels. So beneficial utilisation and management go these keratin based waste has a significant importance. Out of many traditional and new approaches to breakdown keratin, the use of natural soil keratinophilic microbes is widely studied because of nontoxic and useful byproducts produced. These keratin based products have a widespread application in medical, animal feed, fertiliser, biomedical uses and many other type of industries. In the present review various strategies for hydrolysis of keratin from the organic waste have been described and use of natural keratin in different industries have also been explored.

Encroaching the legislative field? Purposivism v. Textualism in practice: A clear distinction or a convergence of theories: Analysis of Cardozo’s Methods of statutory interpretation

Abstract: The Judge laws down the law, is a statement that is more often that not under dispute. Interpretation of States has a wider connotation and an impressive history situated in the common law tradition. In certain events the judges interpret the statute as it means i.e. to the text and at others wherein there exist legislative discrepancies the judges interpret the law as per individual judicial discretion. The statement the Judge laws down the law is under dispute because it is the task of the legislative to draft the laws of a nation and that of the judiciary to implement in practice. The idea of judicial law-making albeit not ideal to separation of powers has seen a growth in recent times. This paper aims in delimiting judicial discretion as explained by Benjamin Cardozo in several of his works. While judicial discretion prima facie cannot be disputed upon but there exist limits to such discretion. This paper primarily focuses upon textualism and purposivism in the interpretation of statutes. As different they are, they also need to co-exist and operate separately at times for the functioning of the judicial machinery.

Origin of Conglomerate/Breccia rocks, How did they arrive at Lonar Crater? Buldhana District, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: Conglomerates are rocks of silicates (stones/pebbles/gravels/cobbles), etc. cemented together in a matrix, were observed on the temples roof tops, near the lake periphery of Lonar Crater and the fragments of these rocks found surrounding the temple periphery. To investigate how these rocks did came here, what was the purpose of these rocks being found on the temple roofs? detailed study was under taken. The XRF analysis carried out showed that these fragmented rocks of conglomerate origin SiO₂ is found to be dominant i.e., between 53.40-99%, with other components such as Al₂O₃, MgO, SO₃, CaO, Fe₂O₃, ZnO and CuO as minor compositions. From the studies carried out, the conclusion drawn showed that all the glassy nature of rock fragments showing high percentage of SiO₂ found at Lonar Crater are components of conglomerate rock fragments, whether it be white rusting, non white rusting, white pebbles/silica pebbles etc., are all of conglomerate rock fragments. This paper reports a detailed study about how did these rocks arrive here at Lonar Crater and placed on the roof tops of the temples? What was their source and origin? Why were they brought here? What was the purpose of bringing here? This work being of preliminary investigations, a small attempt has been made to search answers to the above questions.

Life cycle analysis and embodied energy: A review

Abstract: Buildings consume a massive amount of energy during the life cycle stages of construction, use and demolition. Total life cycle energy use in building can be classified into two components: embodied and operational energy. Embodied energy is worn in the processes of building material production, on-site delivery, construction, maintenance, renovation and final demolition. Operational energy is used up in operating the buildings. Studies have discovered the growing consequence of embodied energy characteristic in buildings and have established its relationship to carbon emissions. Present understandings of embodied energy are quite indistinct and differ widely, databases of embodied energy agonize from the problems of variation and preeminence. This paper discusses the various types of embodied energy considered in the life cycle analysis of building and various methods along with there applications and limitations in the Calculation of Embodied energy.This Paper forms Part of a project that also studies the embodied energy calculation of a building throughout its life cycle.

Towards Singularity: Implications to Intelligent UI with Explainable AI approach to HCI

Abstract: This paper has the aim of incorporating and prototyping the realms and the possibilities of future UI designs. It collectively analyses recent AI techniques and signifies the need for Intelligent User Interfaces (IUIs) that might shape future inventions and act beneficially for understanding the technological impacts it can produce. The architecture of HCI is prone to undergo a drastic transformation where multimodal interaction through cyborg automation will play a major role in singularity. For solving current issues in UI designs such as gender, disability, and color issues, Explainable AI (XAI) is further improving interpretability and explainability of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. This paper furthermore explains the convergence of Engineering and Life sciences with its association to improving the outlines of future UIs on a process of gaining collective intelligence.

Military base security system using Arduino

Abstract: The primary purpose of our assignment is to offer security to the armed force base. The point of convergence is about the PIR sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and unmanned wanderer. The PIR sensors which perceive the general movement of individuals in the unapproved region are set on the limit dividers of the base. After the recognizable proof of the human/object activity, the accompanying stage is to find the zone approached by the individual using the ULTRASONIC sensor-based radar system which will tell the point of separation of the individual's way to deal with the base and a short time later make a move over them by using the unmanned wanderer which will follow the individual and give a live criticism through a video and the wanderer will be furnished with a missile launcher to help safeguard the base in an extraordinary case.

Brand preference and brand loyalty of rural consumers towards jewellery purchase in South India

Abstract: This research paper focuses on the association between brand perception and brand loyalty of rural consumers towards jewellery in South India. Effective analysis is also conducted to understand the various factors that have an influence over rural consumer’s behavior towards branded and non-branded jewellery in India. The research also aims to study the nature of the association between price and store preference of rural jewellery consumers.

A handheld and convenient occlusal scanner

Abstract: The idea to determine the alignment of the teeth and jaw placement. This entirely covers the examination of human teeth between the age of neonatal to adolescence where the majority of the teeth issues and problems occur. We know for a fact that humans up to the age of 8 have milk teeth that constantly get replaced so these issues can be diagnosed early and treated accordingly. So this device uses a piezoelectric sensor or pressure gauge to measure the pressure applied while biting. These parameters are analyzed and then fed to a microcontroller where appropriate techniques are adapted to give a detailed analysis and determine the intensity of the issue. This system uses an amalgam of electronics and the medical sector. This is a portable structure that can be implemented in a dentist’s workplace.

Review of heat transfer enhancement techniques

Abstract: Heat transfer is a very important process used in the industries, especially in process industries where the raw material is subjected to various processes so as to convert it into finished products. To achieve better heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger, maximum heat transfer should take place within the operating temperature range of the fluids in the heat exchanger. The researcher has made an effort to improve the heat transfer rate between two fluids. They have been developed various heat transfer enhancement techniques to improve the heat transfer rate by considering various factors that affect the heat transfer rate such as temperature, the velocity of fluid, turbulence, surface area subjected to heat transfer, etc. These techniques can be classified as active techniques and passive techniques. Active techniques are those who require a power supply for the operation while passive techniques are those who do not require any external power supply for the operation. This paper presents a review of various heat transfer enhancement techniques so that they can be chosen into the industry as per the requirement and according to their relative merits.

Design and Performance Analysis of an Interior Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motor using ANSYS Electronics.

Abstract: The paper demonstrates the design process of an Interior permanent magnet brushless D.C motor and the subsequent performance analysis by varying the parameters such as windings, stator and rotor slots, and maximum input current and circuit type. Initially, the stator and rotor setup in the motor is designed as an ANSYS RMXPRT model and it is followed by variation in the design parameters. The model is then analysed under a fixed operating load conditions and based on the simulation results various performance characteristics are deduced. The performance curves establish the relationship between various motor designs based parameters such as motor torque, efficiency, power with rated speed variations and induced phase voltage with electrical degrees in the motor operating range. This concludes the parametric analysis of the BLDC motor. The second portion of the research deals with electrical simulation of the designed PM machine in an ANSYS Maxwell suite. It utilizes a 3-D model of the motor and with the necessary boundary conditions and initial operating inputs delivers a no-load simulation and full-load data set of the electrical motor. The objective behind the simulation is to calculate the value and obtain a characteristic curve for the cogging torque of the motor.

Plant disease detection using Machine Learning

Abstract: Agriculture is considered to be the backbone and major revenue producing of our country. Crops play an important role in our daily routine providing us with nourishments. Due to environmental conditions, crops are getting affected with many diseases. Farmers are not able to detect these diseases at an early stage. Thus, assessment of crop condition is vital. The growing technology plays a major role and techniques like Machine Learning, Deep Learning are used. Here in this project focuses on the assessment of the crop condition with the help of their leaves, Healthy as well as diseased leaves are capture using cameras from real-time environments, K-means clustering is used for segmentation. After segmentation undergo classification using Machine learning algorithms in which healthy and diseased leaves are detected.

Investigation of coarse aggregate size effect on compressive strength of C-25 concrete

Abstract: Ethiopia one of the fastest-growing country in the world so from many sectors of the construction industry is one of them and in the construction industry there are many challenges that are generated during construction activities not identify the aggregate size for concrete have a negative impact on the compressive strength of concrete. So this research have identified the effect of aggregate size on compressive strength of C-25 concrete. This study aims at assessing the effect of aggregate size on compressive strength of C-25 concrete, comparing the result with the standard and to provide solution along with determining workability of concrete made from different sized coarse aggregates. This study has given a vast understanding on the effect of aggregate size on compressive strength of C-25 concrete. Significant to major stakeholders like: consultant, contractor, in order to minimize construction defects, cost, and poor quality of materials during construction which may cause defects and also be a guide for other researches. In order to satisfy the above objectives laboratory tests should have to be conducted. These tests are: Sieve analysis, Slump test, Silt content of sand, Specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate, Specific gravity and absorption of course aggregate, Moisture content of aggregate and Compressive strength of cubic concrete test. After collecting and analyzing all laboratory results researcher have seen that compressive strength and workability have increased with increasing of aggregate size. The researcher has concluded that Coarse aggregate size is directly proportional to the slump (workability) of fresh concrete with constant water-cement ratio and the Compressive strength of a concrete increases with an increase in coarse aggregate size until it reaches 37.5mm and declines above the 37.5mm. And as per the ES and BS size 37.5mm has a mean of 27.15mpa within 28 days of curing this makes it relatively stronger. Researcher recommend that aggregate size 37.5mm can be used for mass concrete structures and size 19.3mm and 63mm with compressive strength of 23.58mpa and 23.65mpa have average strength and can be used to light buildings and to increase the workability of concrete one should increase maximum aggregate size.

Investigation of engineering properties of soils found in Arba Minch Zuria (Limat to Shara)

Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to investigate the engineering properties of the soils found from Limat to Shara and understand the nature of the soils. Arba Minch town is located in Gamo Gofa Zone in SNNPRS at a distance of about 505km from the National Capital city, Addis Ababa, and 270km far from the Regional Capital city, Hawassa. Arba Minch town is one of the rapidly developing towns in Ethiopia and new construction activities were appearing in the town. Investigating the characteristic of supporting soil is vital in order to have a safe and stable foundation. To achieve this objective, in order to determine the engineering properties of soils were accompanied on selected 24 soil samples, which were taken from Limat to Shara at not more than 500m interval, and the procedure used for analysis was done according to ASTM standard. This paper presents the field and laboratory test results of soils that were performed to determine the Engineering properties of soils from Limat to Shara. The test results showed that the field density ranges from 1.61 to 1.96g/cc. NMC ranges from 5.22 to 33.58%. LL ranges from 28.04 to 64.23%, PL ranges from 20.68 to 32.06%, and PI ranges from 4.16 to 33.21%. And from FSI results 12.5% are medium expansive soils were obtained. From plasticity characteristics of the study area falls in low to high plasticity characteristics are observed. The USCS classification soils are classified as CH, MH, CL, ML, SC, SC-SM, GC, and GC-GM. And AASHTO classification of soils is fallen in A-2-4, A-4, A-6, A-7-5, and A-7-6. The Compaction test result showed that maximum dry density (MDD) of the study area ranges from 1.57 to 1.93g/cm3 and the optimum moisture content (OMC) ranges 14.40 to 30.50%. The unconfined compressive strength test result ranges from 99.10 to157.17kPa. And direct shear test results, internal friction angle (Φ) and cohesion (C) falls for TP-11, C = 10.71kPa and Φ = 35.37°, for TP-12, C = 9.42kPa and Φ=36.80°C.Finally, from dimensional consolidation test results, the Compression index, Cc ranges from 0.43 to 0.53, Swelling index, Cs ranges from 0.06 to 0.1, and Pc vary between 67 to 98kPa.

The effective vocabulary learning strategies employed by ESL learners in rural setting

Abstract: The Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015-2025) is formulated to ensure every child acquire linguistic knowledge and communicative skills adequately to compete in the modernized arena. In the Malaysian context, 21st-century learning strategy has been given the utmost importance in the educational system as it is a platform to have students become proficient users of the second language. However, the lexical knowledge among Malaysian students is at an unsatisfactory level whereby the vocabulary learning strategies have not been prioritized in the learning process. This study is intended to unveil the effectiveness of vocabulary learning strategies that students can employ to enhance their lexical knowledge. To achieve the aims of the study, a simplified questionnaire was used to retrieve the quantitative data. Approximately 61 pupils from the Chinese vernacular schools in Sungkai, Perak with satisfactory language proficiency from the rural primary schools in Batang Padang District were selected as participants in this study. The findings of the study indicated that varied preferred learning strategies have been employed in learning vocabulary. The number of students represented by the percentages showed a significant increase that portrayed students’ admit to learning vocabulary. In a conclusion, Nation (2001) emphasized on noticing the words to be learned would be a preferred strategy simply by jotting the words down in the notebook or word card and constantly repeating the words for a deeper understanding of the words.

The relevance of indexing in scientific research

Abstract: Any scholar would want to gauge the impact of his work on the scientific and intellectual community. This can be done by ascertaining how many times his work has been cited and utilised by other researchers. This also reflects the quality, authenticity of his work and if it is being used as a basis for any future study. Overall, this evidences the importance of indexing and agencies of indexing. They help organise and track the usage of papers and other forms of publication. Therefore, for every researcher, indexing is imperative either when publishing or reviewing articles. The study intends on reinstating the concept of Indexing and Indexed Journal and their importance in scientific research. The study comprises of six folds- the first fold highlighting the concept and its significance, the second, tracing back the history of indexing. The third fold deals with the prominent indexing agencies. The fourth and fifth fold deal with the parameters of indexing and review methods, respectively. Lastly, the sixth fold is the conclusion of the paper.

Flood modelling of Patu river in Tulsipur city of Nepal and analysis of flooding impact on encroached settlement along the river

Abstract: Patu River flowing through the western part of Tulsipur city in Nepal has been encroached severely by human settlements during the last fifteen years. The settlements and infrastructures are at high risk when the river gets heavily flooded. With the help of images obtained from Google Earth, Landsat images, and application of ARC GIS, the land cover changes during the years 2004, 2010, 2015, and 2019 were observed. Since Patu is an ungauged river, the peak flood was estimated at 109.9 m3/s, 132.9 m3/s and 158.1 m3/s for 25, 50 and 100 years return period by Catchment Area Ratio method referring historical flood data of gauged Sharada River. Through the application of HEC-RAS modeling, the flood mapping was obtained for 25, 50, and 100 years return period. The inundation of settlement area back in 2004 was observed as just 0.009 km2 which was found to have been increased to 0.043 km2, 0.070 km2, and 0.096 km2 in the years 2010, 2015, and 2019 respectively following the linear trend with an R2 value of 0.99. The risk of flood in the settlement has been accelerating with increasing urbanization around the river. It can be concluded that the inundation of settlement could be increased to 0.16 km2 in 2024 if a similar trend follows for the next five years. Before the situation worsens, it is necessary to provide enough embankments on both sides of the river and control the haphazard urbanization around the river. In conclusion, river training and proper planning of the city has been found to be critical for controlling inundation which could increase more in the coming years.