Showing papers in "International Journal of Anthropology in 1987"
TL;DR: The results confirmed the proposition that the rise in caries incidence from (pre-) medieval times on, was associated with an ongoing fall of dental attrition, and strongly suggest a competitive relationship between progress of caries and attrition.
Abstract: Contradictory reports on the interreation of caries and attrition concerning their destructive activity at the occlusal surface of teeth required more investigation. Some suggested that the abrasive action of attrition worked against the progress of decay. Others proposed that attrition facilitated the development of caries in dentine exposed due to the dental wear. A comparison of the condition of teeth in western societies from an intermediate stage, with the preceding period characterized by excessive attrition, and with the following period of ongoing reduction of dental wear, might elucidate the mutual relationship. For this reason the almost complete dental assemblage of fifty men, whalers buried during their short sojourn in the Arctic in the 17th and 18th centuries at a Dutch whaling station, and the data of their contemporaries, were evaluated. The results confirmed the proposition that the rise in caries incidence from (pre-) medieval times on, was associated with an ongoing fall of dental attrition. Within this sample of an intermediate phase, one sees that the percentage of carious molars decreases considerably when the degree of dental wear increases. Besides, at the occlusal surface the decay was almost exclusively located in the natural fissures and pits of teeth, not in the exposed dentine due to wear. These findings strongly suggest a competitive relationship between progress of caries and attrition. The best impression of the attrition rate is gained by linkage of degree of dental attrition (i.e. functional age) to age at death. The wide age ranges fitting to the degrees of molar wear make it hazardous to use attrition for age determination.
72 citations
TL;DR: Using raw data provided by Fazekas & Kosa (1978) for a sample of known sex, discriminant functions are derived from hip and thigh bone dimensions that allow an almost unbiased classification of more than 70% of fetal and neonate individuals.
Abstract: Facing the requirements of refined paleodemographical analyses, the access to the early ontogenetic sex ratio of skeletal populations is an important feature. Using raw data provided byFazekas & Kosa (1978) for a sample of known sex, discriminant functions are derived from hip and thigh bone dimensions that allow an almost unbiased classification of more than 70% of fetal and neonate individuals.
47 citations
TL;DR: Six Mongoloid and four Caucasoid populations of Assam, India, were examined for A1A2BO, Rhesus, Duffy and Diego blood groups and the distribution of their phenotypes and allele frequencies.
Abstract: Six Mongoloid and four Caucasoid populations of Assam, India, were examined for A1A2BO, Rhesus, Duffy and Diego blood groups. The distribution of their phenotypes and allele frequencies are presented. In the perspective of the ethnographic background, the results have been discussed in terms of genetic variability among these populations and probable reasons for its existence. The major groups, namely Caucasoids and Mongoloids, appear to form two separate groups in terms of these blood groups, though evidence is there to suggest intermixture.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the first city founded in the New World, La Isabella, is described, on the basis of the important archaelogical finds of La Isabela and the findings of Columbus's Memorial, and it was at Isabella that Columbus dictated this Memorial to his friend, Antonio Torres.
Abstract: The author talks about the first city founded in the New World, on the basis of the important archaelogical finds of La Isabella and the findings of Columbus's Memorial. Indeed, it was at Isabella that Columbus dictated this Memorial to his ≪Alcade≫ and friend, Antonio Torres.
12 citations
TL;DR: A strong association between arcadal length (jaw size) dependence, and the dimensional stability of individual teeth is suggested, which allows for a reassessment of some of the problems associated with hominid dental evolution.
Abstract: Intra-arcadal mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth size correlations were evaluated in a sample of 125 caucasoids with ideal occlusion. Dental dimensions were corrected for arcade mength (as a measure of jaw size) by a series of regression analyses of each mesiodistal dimension on the sum of the mesiodistal dimensions within each arcade. Regression coefficients of tooth dimension on arcade length were calculated to gain an insight into the dimensional sensitivity of individual teeth to arcade length variation. The data presented here suggest a strong association between arcadal length (jaw size) dependence, and the dimensional stability of individual teeth. When corrected for arcade length, a definite pattern of tooth size correlation emerges: postcanine maxillary and mandibular teeth are negatively correlated to the anterior teeth and are positively correlated to one another. The hypothesis is developed that anterior and postcanine teeth should be viewed as two separate and negatively size-correlated units, beyond the boundaries of the four morphological tooth classes. Recognition of this basic dichotomous size arrangement within each jaw allows for a reassessment of some of the problems associated with hominid dental evolution.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the performance of the Complex Method of Acsadi and Nemeskeri, statistically elaborated by Sjovold (WEA, 1980), and the Multifactorial Method of Lovejoy et al., 1985a. Comments are given on practical applicability and supposed confidence.
Abstract: For some time, trends in age determination of skeletons have tended to shift from methods using single age indicators to methods combining multiple age indicators. Evidently the latter are expected to offer more balanced age assessments. If one decides to apply a method using multiple age indicators, a choice can be made between two «current» methods, both based on non-metrical age indicators: the socalled Complex Method of Acsadi and Nemeskeri, statistically elaborated by Sjovold (WEA, 1980), and the so-called Multifactorial Method of Lovejoy et al., 1985a. Comments are given on practical applicability and supposed confidence.
11 citations
TL;DR: The minimum number of individuals, sex, age, stature, and morphologic and morphometric characters were determined and dental wear and pathology of cranial and post-cranial bones were also recorded.
Abstract: Preliminary data on the skeletal biology of 78 Taino skeletons belonging to Juan Dolio, an archaeological site of the Maguana province, 80 Km. east of S. Domingo, are presented. The minimum number of individuals, sex, age, stature, and morphologic and morphometric characters were determined. Dental wear and pathology of cranial and post-cranial bones were also recorded.
10 citations
TL;DR: Regression analysis showed that both the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are significantly related to mean ATFRC, and about 35% of the variation in ATFRC is explained by the dependent variable coefficent of variation.
Abstract: In order to test the hypothesis of a major gene effect on absolute total finger ridge count (ATFRC), the nature of relationship between mean ATFRC and its variability was evaluated in a series of 47 population samples from India. Regression analysis showed that both the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are significantly related to mean ATFRC, and about 35% of the variation in ATFRC is explained by the dependent variable coefficent of variation. These results support the hypothesis of a major gene effect on the trait ATFRC.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dermatoglyphics of an Eastern Andalusia series were analyzed and the obtained data consists of 204 students (101 males and 103 females) from the University of Granada.
Abstract: In this paper the dermatoglyphics of an Eastern Andalusia series were analysed. The obtained data consists of 204 students (101 males and 103 females) from the University of Granada. According to their ancestors and the geographical position of this university, the sample can be considered as representtive of the Oriental Andalusia.
7 citations
TL;DR: A significant difference in the gene frequencies of PGM1 and TF systems between two Italian samples has been observed and data on the world distribution of P GM1, TF and C3 polymorphisms have been presented.
Abstract: PGM1, TF and C3 polymorphisms have been examined in two Italian samples, collected in continental Italy and in Sardinia (Cagliari). The PGM1 and TF subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing while the C3 was studied by conventional methods. A significant difference in the gene frequencies of PGM1 and TF systems between our two samples has been observed. In addition, data on the world distribution of PGM1, TF and C3 polymorphisms have been presented.
6 citations
TL;DR: There is a need for further analysis of palmar dermatoglyphics in Italy by compatible methodologies to suggest the occurrence of modal types of main lines of Italian samples is always within the range of the general variability of Caucasians.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a descriptive analysis of dermatoglyphic traits of the palm in a North-Italian population. For this purpose we collected and studied the dermatoglyphic prints of 420 subjects (211 males and 209 females) from Bologna. Sexual and bimanual differences were pointed out for several palmar traits, especially with reference to the occurrence of palmar patterns. The trend of palmar traits of our sample was compared to the one of other Italian samples available from literature. The occurrence of modal types of main lines of Italian samples is always within the range of the general variability of Caucasians. The results of our study, in addition to the well-known biological importance of dermatoglyphics as indicative traits of a population, suggest a need for further analysis of palmar dermatoglyphics in Italy by compatible methodologies.
TL;DR: Familial resemblance for fifty anthropometric traits was studied and showed that head and facial traits were relatively more stable to the environmental factors than the body traits and hence more suitable for cross-cultural comparisons.
Abstract: Familial resemblance for fifty anthropometric traits was studied on a sample of 45 MZ, 101 DZ twin pairs and their 125 singleton siblings. Intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for all the traits. However, resemblance within DZ twin pairs was significantly greater than within sibs for 22 variables, showing that the former had a more correlated environment than the latter. The study also showed that head and facial traits were relatively more stable to the environmental factors than the body traits and hence more suitable for cross-cultural comparisons. The study listed measures of girth and skinfold, thickness as the most labile traits.
TL;DR: In this article, the usefulness of the M-statistic in odontomorphometric distance analyses was evaluated against a battery of more traditional metrics, which included Mahalanobis' D2, Penrose's shape metric, the Manhattan distance and Delta.
Abstract: The usefulness of the M-statistic in odontomorphometric distance analyses was evaluated against a battery of more traditional metrics, which included Mahalanobis' D2, Penrose's shape metric, the Manhattan distance and Delta. Odontometric data used for the analyses were derived from 202 Paraguayan Lengua Indians and 125 contemporary caucasoids. Efron's Bootstrap procedure was used to evaluate the statistical accuracy of the different metrics, when each was applied to the same populations. Additionally, metric stability in the face of reduced sample size, statistical bias resulting from over- and underestimation, and the effects of standardization, were investigated. Our results indicated that Penrose's shape metric rather that the recently introduced M-statistic was the most reliable metric evaluated. Penrose's shape remained the most reliable when sample size was artificially reduced and when raw data were used. Interestingly, Mahalanobis' generalized distance emerged as the least reliable statistics, especially when used on small sample sizes.
TL;DR: Variation in 13 loci across North India has been mapped using principal components and generalized distance analysis, finding that both caste and geography exert influence over the historically contentious affinities of the Jats.
Abstract: Variation in 13 loci across North India has been mapped using principal components and generalized distance analysis Significant clinal variation is documented for most systems, and genetic difference bears a relation to geographic distance especially along a north-west-to-southeast inclination Both caste and geography exert influence over the historically contentious affinities of the Jats
TL;DR: The first settlement planned by Christopher Columbus in the New World during his second trip to America in the summer of 1493 is described in this paper, where the author presents history of the discovery and of the status of the excavation of the site La Isabela.
Abstract: In the present note the author presents history of the discovery and of the status of the excavation of the site La Isabela, the first settlement planned by Columbus in the New World during his second trip to America in the summer of 1493.
TL;DR: The distribution of phenotypic frequencies of ABO, Rh(D) system and Hp polymorphism in a sample from Muscat, Oman, revealed the following gene frequencies in good agreement with the distribution in the Euroasiatic continent.
Abstract: The distribution of phenotypic frequencies of ABO, Rh(D) system and Hp polymorphism in a sample from Muscat, Oman, revealed the following gene frequencies: P=0.164, q=0.110, r=0.726; D=0.738, d=0.262; Hp1=0.289 and Hp2=0.711. These frequencies are in good agreement with the distribution in the Euroasiatic continent.
TL;DR: This paper found that 11-to 15-week-old group-living rhesus monkey infants initiated fewer playful conctacts with others relative to the other kinds of social contact they initiated, while their overall rates of initiating social contacts may not have been reduced.
Abstract: In five-minute records in which they were rejected by their mothers, passive preventions of nipple access, 11- to 15-week-old group-living rhesus monkey infants (Macaca mulatta) initiated fewer playful conctacts with others relative to the other kinds of social contact they initiated, while their overall rates of initiating social contacts may not have been reduced. Whether acts of maternal rejection are costly and distressing to the infant may depend on the nature of the social companions available for it and until more is known of the context of such acts, hypothesis about weaning conflict will be difficult to test in detail.
TL;DR: It is known that, during the first years of Spanish colonization in Hispaniola, there was a rapid depopulation of the island, until the Taino aborigines were totally extinct as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: It is known that, during the first years of Spanish colonization in Hispaniola, there was a rapid depopulation of the island, until the Taino aborigines were totally extinct.
TL;DR: A panorama which encompasses the difficulties experienced by the Taino and Spanish as they lived together on the island between 1493 and 1500 is described.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe what happened in Hispaniola between 1493–1500. The Historical reconstruction was made possible by comparing and collating the main chronicles of the period. Hence we have a panorama which encompasses the difficulties experienced by the Taino and Spanish as they lived together on the island.
TL;DR: Compared to several other palmar elements, like palmar true patterns, main line terminations, palmar flexion creases, the axial triradius has a considerably low level of differentiation among these nomadic, seminomadic and settled Dhangar castes.
Abstract: Bilateral palmar prints of 3000 males belonging to 20 endogamous Dhangar castes of Maharashtra, India, have been analysed for types and combinations of axial triradii after Cummins and Midlo (1943). Altogether 17 types of axial triradii were found among the Dhangars, but only typest, t′, tt″ occur in appreciable frequencies. The magnitude of intercaste differentiation in respect to axial triradii is considerably low; only 13 caste-pairs (6.84%) out of 190 pairs showed significant difference at the 5% level. Compared to several other palmar elements, like palmar true patterns, main line terminations, palmar flexion creases, the axial triradius has a considerably low level of differentiation among these nomadic, seminomadic and settled Dhangar castes. This suggests that the axial triradii are perhaps more stable compared to many other palmar elements. These results need to be confirmed by data from other populations.
TL;DR: In this article, five select Reddi populations based on 750 males in the age range of 20 to 50 years have been studied for 15 anthropometric measurements and 10 indices and F-values are significant for all measurements except for bicristal breadth.
Abstract: Five select Reddi populations based on 750 males in the age range of 20 to 50 years have been studied for 15 anthropometric measurements and 10 indices. The Pokanati show higher mean value for a majority of the measurements. F-values are significant for all measurements except for bicristal breadth. All indices but nasal index show negligible variation. Mesocephalic heads predominate among Pokanati and dolicocephalic heads among the rest. the cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis, as diagrammatically represented, show the extent of variation among the five Reddi populations.
TL;DR: The Kell gene frequencies, determined in Senegal are determined and enter the limits already known for black African populations, as well as confirming the existence of Kell syndrome in Senegal.
Abstract: The Kell gene frequencies, determined in Senegal are as follows:
$$K = 0.00502, k = 0.99498.$$
Our data enter the limits already known for black African populations.
TL;DR: Phenotype distributions and allele frequencies of 13 blood proteins are presented for the populations of the three Visp valleys, situated in the Swiss Alps, and statistical differences are revealed and genetic distances are presented.
Abstract: Phenotype distributions and allele frequencies of 13 blood proteins are presented for the populations of the three Visp valleys, situated in the Swiss Alps. Blood samples of a total of 883 individuals were electrophoretically analysed. The three populations were statistically compared with each other, and with an additional sample from the literature thought to be representative of the entire Swiss population. Statistical differences are revealed and genetic distances are presented. These results are interpreted in connection with differences between the Visp valleys in topological situation.
TL;DR: This work proposes the building of two new subclasses of spiral monocentric whorls to replace the traditional ones in order to conserve the bilateral identification of these pattern types.
Abstract: Despite all the papers on the classification of dermatoglyphic features, there is no definitive in sight yet. With this work we intend to contribute to adapt the subclassification of spiral monocentric whorls to their biologic nature. The results in this work show that clockwise whorls on the right hand match counter-clockwise ones on the left, and counter-clockwise spirals on the right are joined together with clockwise on the left. We propose the building of two new subclasses of spiral monocentric whorls to replace the traditional ones in order to conserve the bilateral identification of these pattern types.
TL;DR: Based upon his concluding remarks, presented at the Fifth European Congress of Anthropology in September 1986, the President of the European Anthropological Association reports on contemporary European approaches to the science of man as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Based upon his concluding remarks, presented at the Fifth European Congress of Anthropology in September 1986, the President of the European Anthropological Association reports on contemporary European approaches to the science of man
TL;DR: The sixteenth century poemDe navigatione Christophori Columbi by L. Gambara (1496-1586?) is compared with contemporary sources on C. Columbus's discoveries in order to verify whether C.Columbus through Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (1486-1550) and his son, the Cardinal Antoine (1571-1584), was the source of the poem, as stated on thededicatio.
Abstract: The sixteenth century poemDe navigatione Christophori Columbi by L. Gambara (1496–1586?) is here compared with the contemporary sources on C. Columbus's discoveries in order to verify whether C. Columbus through Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (1486–1550) and his son, the Cardinal Antoine (1571–1584), was the source of the poem, as stated on thededicatio. It seems that L. Gambara drew the historical events mainly from P.M. d'Anghiera and F. Columbus. However he added some new elements and an interesting early sixteenth century map of Columbus' discoveries (1st to 3rd voyages), probably all collected by Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle. HenceDe navigatione (…) may be considered a minor source on Christopher Columbus discoveries.
TL;DR: The results provided provisional evidence that some linkage exist between dermatoglyphic palm characters and the ABO blood groups, and there was a small number of apparent “linkages”.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to use data from three generations to see if there was any suggestion of linkage between the dermatoglyphic palm characters and the ABO blood groups.
TL;DR: New cases of orangoid hand are described in two unrelated, normal, Spaniard women, and a new terminology is proposed: ‘carpopetal main lines’.
Abstract: New cases of orangoid hand are described in two unrelated, normal, Spaniard women. This dermatoglyphic particularity is characterized by an unusual trajectory of the main lines of the palm, which tend to the proximal border of the palm, therefore a new terminology is proposed: ‘carpopetal main lines’.
TL;DR: In this article, palm prints of a sample of 300 students, 150 males and females, have been analysed for line-D line-deterministic analysis. But the results were limited to a small subset of the students.
Abstract: In this work palm prints of a sample of 300 students, 150 males and females, have been analysed for line-D.
TL;DR: The terminations of the Main Line—C on the plams of 390 schizophrenic male patients were analysed and four modal types according to the direction of their path following Plato's classification (1970) showed strong variations among themselves and between the patients belonging to the sub-categories of schizophrenia.
Abstract: The terminations of the Main Line—C on the plams of 390 schizophrenic male patients were analysed and classified into four modal types according to the direction of their path following Plato's classification (1970). Schizophrenic patients classified into three major sub-categories namely Paranoid (256 palms) Hebephrenic (256 palms), Catatonic (202 palms) and Undifferentiated (66 palms), were taken from the same ethnic group from Yerawada Mental Hospital, Pune and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune (India). Comparisons were made with the respective normal caste control. The frequency of these four model types exhibit strong variations among themselves and between the patients belonging to the sub-categories of schizophrenia. Considerable increase has been observed on the Left Palm of the Paranoid and Catatonic patients for the incidence of Radial and Proximal types. The incidence of Ulnar type showed consistent decrease bilaterally, among all the sub-categories. Absent types showed a steep increase in all the sub-categories of Schizophrenic.