International Journal of Biosciences 

Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are renowned for the potential of producing antimicrobial compound and other value added products. Undeniable to concern these probiotic has contributed to the importance of human life. Deserving an attention for its capabilities, this paper will discuss on the general description of lactic acid bacteria, genetics, metabolism and its application to the industries.

Abstract: The pervasive sensing technologies found in smart homes offer unprecedented opportunities for providing health monitoring and assistance to individuals experiencing difficulties living independently at home. A primary challenge that needs to be tackled to meet this need is the ability to recognize and track functional activities that people perform in their own homes and everyday settings. In this paper we look at approaches to perform real-time recognition of Activities of Daily Living. We enhance other related research efforts to develop approaches that are effective when activities are interrupted and interleaved. To evaluate the accuracy of our recognition algorithms we assess them using real data collected from participants performing activities in our on-campus smart apartment testbed.

Abstract: The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) on growth Performance, digestive organs and serum lipids concentration in broiler chickens during starter phase (121d). Three hundred one-d-old broilers (Ross- 308) were randomly divided into 5 treatments including 75 birds. All treatments were replicated 4 times, using 15 birds in each pen. The experimental diet was T1) basal diet (control, without ZONPs), T2, T3, T4 and T5 supplementation basal diet with 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg of ZONPs respectively. This study was lasted 21 d and birds accessed as ad libitum to feed and water throughout research. Live body weight (LBW) and feed intake (FI) measured as weekly and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated at the final of research. On d 21, 4 birds in each group were selected as randomly, blood samples collected from bronchial vein and after centrifuging (3000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C), serum removed and stored in 20 °C until analysis. The results revealed that ZONPs had significantly affected on body weight gain (P 0.05), triglyceride (TG) (P>0.05) and cholesterol (P>0.05), as well as increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P<0.05), respectively compared to control treatment. In conclusion, ZONPs can improve growth performance especially at the levels of 30 to 90 mg/kg of diet in broiler

Abstract: In order to study the effects level of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and physiological traits of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), an experiment as factorial in RCBD with three replications was conducted during 2009 year in the Rice Research Institute, Iran, Rasht, central of Guilan and Rudsar, East of Guilan. Factors were cultivar (Khazar, Ali Kazemi and Hashemi), and nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 Kg N/ha). Characters measured were: leaf area index (LAI), Total of dry weight (TDW), leaf dry weight (LDW), Crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area duration (LAD), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight rate (LWR), specific leaf area (SLA), grain yield. Growth parameters were calculated during six growth stages by harvesting samples from leaf area index, leaf dry and total weight dry weight in all treatments. The comparison of calculated and measured amounts of growth indexes with use determination of regression coefficients (R2). Results of growth analysis indicated that, nitrogen increasing rates of fertilizer caused the increment of growth indexes. Khazar and Ali Kazemi Hashemi showed higher growth indices rather than Hashemi. Results indicated that cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer significantly effected on grain yield. Khazar and Ali Kazemi have the highest grain yield among cultivars. Also, Results indicated with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, grain yield increased significantly (17،13 and 57 %). * Corresponding Author: Maral Moraditochaee  m.a4444@yahoo.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 4, No. 5, p. 35-47, 2014

Abstract: Osmotic dehydration (OD) is an operation used for the partial removal of water from plant tissues by immersion in a hypertonic solution, sugar and/or salt solution, to reduce the moisture content of foods before actual drying process. Research applications of osmotic dehydration to food processing in technology and in component transfer mechanisms are being carried out in several countries. This technique is a partial dehydration process to give the product a quality improvement over the conventional drying process. Osmotic dehydration is affected by several factors such as osmotic agent, solute concentration, temperature, time, size, and shape and tissue compactness of the material, agitation and solution/sample ratio. The osmotic dehydration step can be done before, during or after the conventional drying process to enhance the mass transfer rate or to shorten the duration of drying time the quality of osmotically dehydrated products is better and shrinkage is considerably lower as compared to products from conventional drying processes. This technique helps to conserve the overall energy relative to other drying procedures. In this review, the mechanism of osmotic dehydration is described. In addition, some factors that affect on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration reviewed. The major objective of this paper is to discuss the advantage of osmotic dehydration in terms of energy reduction.