Showing papers in "International Journal of Biosciences in 2017"

CVPDr DNA FRAGMENT AFFECT DIFFERENCES IN RESISTANT TO CITRUS VEIN PHLOEM DEGENERATION (CVPD) DISEASE, NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES AND QUALITY OF FRUITS

Abstract: Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) disease is a major obstacle in the effort to develop and increase the production of citrus fruits in Bali. The study on the polymorphism of CVPD r DNA fragment shows that the CVPD r DNA fragment is resistant factor againt CVPD disease. This study try to elaborate the difference in resistance led to differences in plant nutrients deficiencies in the citrus plant with CVPD disease. . Besides, there are also difference in the quality of fruit due to CVPD disease attacks such as water content, vitamin C content and antioxidants in citrus fruits, color, flavor, taste and texture and fruit into small, hard and sour taste.

The existence of entomopathogenic fungi on rice plants rhizosphere

Abstract: Enthomophatogenic fungi are one of bioinsecticides that can be used as pests control. This research aimed to identify and analyze the existence of fungi on semi-organic and inorganic rice plants rhizosphere and prove the role as entomophatogenic fungi. The research method isolation of fungi was conducted in Takalar Regency, semi-organic and inorganic rice plants rhizosphere and continued in Biological Laboratory, Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. This research using a modified insect bait method, larvae mortality calculated, insect testing were infected in reisolation and fungal diversity index. The result showed that the average Tenebrio molitor larvae mortality infected of enthomopathogenic fungi on semi-organic rhizosphere was around 24% and 8% on inorganic rhizosphere. The percentage of larvae mortality on semi-organic rhizosphere were infected by Fusarium sp., range the percentage was around 20-60 %, Aspergillus sp. 60%-80% and Trichoderma sp. 80%, while in inorganic rhizosphere up to 100% were infected by Aspergillus spp.

Characterization of exopolysaccharide producing LAB isolated from Zoom-koom, a cereal-based traditional beverage from Burkina Faso

Abstract: Zoom-koom is a traditional fermented beverage from Burkina Faso produced from millet or sorghum grains. A total of 33 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) were isolated from zoom-koomand characterized in order to select the most efficient as starter cultures to improve the quality of zoom-koom. Physiological and morphological characteristics were determined using growth tests and microscopic observation, respectively. Activities of starch degrading enzymes (amylases) were performed using biochemical methods. Antimicrobial activities were determined using disc diffusion assay and overlay method. Genotypic characterization and identification of selected LAB EPS synthetizing isolates which were able to produce antimicrobial compound were performed through 16S rRNA sequencing. EPSs Structures of selected LAB isolates were determined using NMR spectroscopy. Among LAB isolates 76% was hetero-fermentative while the other was homo-fermentative. Some isolates (15%) could grow in the presence of bile and esculin and 12% were able to grow on MRS-starch. Although all the isolates were able to produce EPSs, only 6% were efficient producers. Among the screened LAB isolates, 7had inhibitory activities against Escherichiacoli81 nr.149 SKN 541, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC and Salmonella typhimurium O:1036340P/t49. In addition 6 isolates displayed antifungal activities against Aspergillus fumugatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that most of the isolates were clustered with Weissella cibaria/confusa and the others were clustered with Lactobacillus plantarum/pentosus and Lactococcus lactis/garvieae. The NMR spectroscopy showed that excreted EPSs are ramified glucanpolyaccharides containing α-(13) and α-(16) linkages, where the later are the main chains. * Corresponding Author: Fidèle Wend-bénédo Tapsoba  tapfidelew@gmail.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 11, No. 6, p. 45-60, 2017

CROP IMPROVEMENT THROUGH INDUCING MUTAGENESIS IN VIVO USING COLCHICINE ON COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Abstract: Colchicine treatments of 0.005% and 0.01% either in distilled water or in hydrogen peroxide 3% were caused temporary leaf shape changes on cowpea. Treatment of colchicine in hydrogen peroxide 3% resulted in green pod color change to purple however treatment of just hydrogen peroxide 3% and colchicine in hydrogen peroxide 3% caused 8.8-10.7% dwarf cowpea. As a preliminary data, we also observed that cowpea crops grown from seeds treated with colchicine in distillate water attacked by bean leaf beetle much earlier compare to the treatment with colchicine in hydrogen peroxide 3%.

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SEVERAL POMELO JERUK BALI (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) CULTIVARS IN BALI

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and fruits quality of the "Jeruk Bali" cultivars grown in Bali. This research was conducted in all regencies and city in Bali, during 2016. Furthermore, several cultivars of “Jeruk Bali” were genetically analyzed based on RAPD markers using 10 primers. Analysis of the quality of fruit is based on physical properties and chemical content. Eighteen cultivars of "Jeruk Bali" obtained have a fruit morphological character with round, short round, and piriform fruit shapes, which are red, pink, cream and white flesh color. RAPD analysis results at 53% similarity level are grouped into 5 groups. The first group was only one cultivar, the second group consisted of 13 cultivars, the third and fourth groups were only one cultivar, while the fifth group consisted of two cultivars. The analysis of the diversity between cultivars based on the combination of physical and chemical properties of the fruit with hierarchy method on similarity level about 85% in a group is obtained by 4 (four) groups. Groupings by combination of physical and chemical properties of the fruit are not synchronized in their entirety with dendograms based on their genetic diversity. This illustrates the physicochemical properties of “Jeruk Bali” fruit in general is not fully genetical expressed, but also influenced by conditions of environmental growth.

Exploring strip intercropping potentials of maize-pulse crops to fight climate variability impacts in dryland areas

Abstract: Recent climate variability affects maize production in dryland areas. This study aimed to explore potentials of strip intercropping of maize-pulse crops in improving productivity of dryland areas. The study was conducted in dryland area of Gumantar village, North Lombok (8.253654 S, 116.285695 E). Soil in that area was categorized as poor soil with the following properties: 0.46% organic matter, 0.05% N total (Kejdhal), available P 11.25 ppm (Olsen) and exchangeable K 0.77 me%, pH 7.0 and field capacity 29% (%/V). Rainfall data were collected during the growing seasons of 2016/2016 and 2016/2017. A field experiment of maize-pulse crops strip intercropping was conducted during a dry season of 2016. The component crops in the strip intercropping were maize NK212, maize NK7328, mungbean Vima-1 and groundnut Hypoma-1. All component crops were grown as monocropping and strip intercropping of maize-pulse crops in 8.4 x 5.0m plot size for each treatment. To measure productivity of the strip intercropping, relative yield total (RYT) and benefit to cost ratio (B/C) were calculated. They were great variations in rainfall in the last two years. From the experiment, data showed that all the strip intercropping treatments have RYT and B/C values >1 meaning that strip intercropping of maizepulse crops is more productive than monocropping and is feasible to be practiced in dryland areas. With the short growing period and their drought tolerant nature of the pulse crops, especially mungbean, the strip intercropping can be used to fight climate variability impacts in dryland areas.

Mineral fertlizer as an alternative fertilizer in increasing rice yield in tabanan regency

Abstract: Production can be increased through improved harvest index genetic engineering, and the availability of nutrients in the soil. Ciherang rice production tests conducted over two years by toposekuen in Tabanan. First in five Subak, (Jangga, Bulung Daya, Andal Dewa, Lanyah1, and Perean) with 10 fertilizer treatments. The second year, five fertilization treatments in the two Subak (Petung dan Babahan). The study was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Parameters observed included vegetative and generative growth, and yield of paddy field farming. Duncan`s test, with a confidence level of 5% using the Costat program, and input output fertilization. Fertilization is very significant effect on rice production. The first year results, the highest rice production (9.33 tons ha-1) was achieved in a combination of fertilizer treatment (organic + NPK + mineral), can increase production 43.98%. The second year of the highest rice production (11.878 tons ha) were achieved on the fertilization of NPM (100 kg urea + 100 kg Phonska ha) + organic fertilizer (2.5 tons ha) + mineral fertilizer (2.5 tons ha), production increased 50.4%. Organic fertilization received the lowest rice production (5,420 to 8,940 tons ha), and the highest percentage of empty grain (9.29%). Mineral fertilizers can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and high-dose organic fertilizers. The increase in yield of paddy field farming compared to control for the treatment of organic fertilizer (Rp 1.011 million ha), NP (Rp 6.416 million ha), NPK (Rp7.636 million ha), and NPM (Rp12.576 million ha ).

MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ENDOPHYTIC Bacillus sp.

Abstract: Endophytic bacteria are the bacteria that live in plant tissues. In oil palm tissue there are many types of endophytic bacteria and have a role that can be beneficial for the plant, one of them is endophytic Bacillus sp. The aim of these research was to obtain morphology, physiology and molecular characteristics of endophytic Bacillus sp. originating from oil palm tissue. Sampling was done by random simple sampling method. Isolation of bacteria was performed on plant tissues such as roots, midribs, stems and leaves of oil palm plants. The results of morphological characterization such as colony color, colony shape and colony edge show similarity in each isolate but there are differences in the surface morphology of the colony, where there are 6 isolates with convex surface and 6 isolates with flat shape. Physiological test results such as catalase test, oxidase test, starch hydrolysis test, motility test and temperature effect test on bacterial growth showed positive results in each isolate. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA primers based on BLASTn shows that all isolates tested have similarities with Bacillus sp. Based on the phylogenetic tree it was found that the endophytic bacteria of Ba-B2 isolates were associated with Bacillus flexus with 100% consistency index grouped at a distance of 0.03 and Ba-P2 isolates were related to Bacillus substilis at a distance of 0.01 with an 89% consistency index.

The quality and total microbes of broiler chicken in traditional markets of denpasar city

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and total microbes of broiler at different location in the traditional markets of Denpasar City. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments. The treatments used in this study, broiler chicken sold at traditional markets in East (DT), North (DU), West (DB), and South of Denpasar (DS). The data obtained from this study were analyzed by analysis of variance. If there were significant differences (P <0,05) among the treatments, then continued with Duncan's multiple range test. The variables used in this study were carcass weight, cooking loss, drip loss, water holding capacity, water content, protein, fat, ash, and total microbes. The results showed that on the average, the highest carcass weight in DB treatment was 1.482 grams, with other treatments to get results not significantly different (P>0,05). The result of this study for variable drip loss, water content, protein, fat, and ash significantly different (P<0,05), then research result for cooking loss, and water holding capacity, were not significantly different (P>0,05). The research result for total microbies broiler chicken at traditional markets in Denpasar City have a range of 1,84 x 10 4 to 2,62 x 10 4 CFU /gram. The results were still normal when compared to SNI 7388: 2009 which states that the maximum amount that the content of TPC 1x10 6 CFU/gram. From these results, it was concluded that there were similarities quality of broiler chicken (carcass weight, cooking loss, water holding capacity, and total microbes), however, there were differences in the quality of broiler seen from drip loss, water content, protein, fat, and ash of broiler at traditional markets in Denpasar City.

Evaluation of land suitability for increasing productivity in degraded unda watershed, district of karangasem, bali

Abstract: Evaluation of land suitability to increase the productivity of degraded lands in the Unda watershed aims: providing a database of land suitability for land use planning in support of sustainable agricultural development, providing spatial information, and recommendations in accordance with the land use plan of inhibiting factors that exist. Identification of characteristic land quality evaluation survey carried out by the method of land with exploration area of research followed by soil sampling at some sample of land units. Land suitability classification using the criteria of the Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Land For Agricultural Commodities of Soil Research Institute (2003) is by matching between the haracteristics of the land with the requirements of growing plants was evaluated. Types of agricultural crops that are evaluated include plantation crops and food crops hotikultura fruits. Suitability actual land (land suitability based on survey data) are mostly classified as unsuitable (N), and marginally suitable (S3). Qualities/characteristics as the land that is the main limiting factor, among others: quality of land erosion, slope, water availability, temperature, rooting media (soil texture and coarse material). Sustainable land use planning can be recommended with agroforestry, accompanied by vegetative conservation measures because it is cheaper and easier to be carried out by farmers. Recommended cultivation effort is a combination of timber plants with horticultural crops of fruits with the provisions of at least 40% must be enclosed timber. Plant timber that can be developed between the other plants that are not too heavy canopy.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF Pseudomonas spp. TO CONTROL Plasmodiophora brassciae, THE PATHOGEN OF CLUBROOT DISEASE ON CABBAGE

Abstract: Clubroot is very detrimental disease to cabbage production so as farmers work on various efforts to control it. The use of fungicides not only ineffective but also pollute the environment, therefore biological control system need to be pursued. The use of antagonistic agents such as Pseudomonas has been widely studied and known effective in suppressing various pathogens. Therefore it is worth trying its effectiveness against Plasmodiophora brassicae, a pathogen of cabbage. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous Pseudomonas which effectively suppress the pathogens and may also increase plant growth. Microbes were isolated from the cabbage area using the Kings'B medium with multilevel dilution. All isolates were tested for their effectiveness in pots in a Completely Randomized Design with a concentration of 1.5x106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) per pot. The variables observed were plant growth, number of club roots, and percentage of disease incidence. Fourteen isolates of Pseudomonas were isolated. Three Pseudomonas isolates were found most effective at suppressing clubroot disease and increasing plant growth. The best isolate obtained was Pseudomonas-6, followed Pseudomonas-9, and Pseudomonas-8. Keywords: cabbage, clubroot, Pseudomonas.