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JournalISSN: 0972-768X

international journal of chemical sciences 

Sadguru Publications
About: international journal of chemical sciences is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Water quality & Adsorption. It has an ISSN identifier of 0972-768X. Over the lifetime, 1734 publications have been published receiving 4262 citations.


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Journal Article
TL;DR: The results showed that the textile industries under study area emanate effluent containing pollution indicator parameters considerably higher than standards stipulated by Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India and also ratio of BOD : COD lies between 0.2 - 0.35 indicates that effluent contains large proportion of non-biodegradable matter.
Abstract: Six textile industries have been selected in East region of Solapur city based on field analysis and characterization studies. Textile effluent from these selected industries is collected and characterized for major pollution indicator parameters namely BOD, COD, TDS, sulphide, sulphate, chloride, hardness, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium. The effluent is dark colored with alkaline pH. The values of BOD and COD are found to be higher than Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India and also ratio of BOD : COD lies between 0.2 - 0.35 indicates that effluent contains large proportion of non-biodegradable matter. The concentration of total dissolved solid are observed to be higher than 5000 mg/L. The effluent also contains high concentration of sulphate, sulphide, chloride, calcium and magnesium, which are responsible for higher hardness of waste water. The results showed that, the textile industries under study area emanate effluent containing pollution indicator parameters considerably higher than standards stipulated by Central Pollution Control Board. Based on these characteristics, it is suggested that the effluent is not be suitable for discharge into environment without treatment.

100 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental method developed for the extraction of oil from algae which is obtained from open pond system is discussed. But, it is observed that the solvent extraction method recovers almost all the oil and leaves behind only 0.5% to 0.7% residual oil in the raw material.
Abstract: Algae are a filamentous waste plant growing in any type of water such as fresh, sea water etc. Normally algae are regarded as a menace in water bodies. Algae oil is an interesting sustainable feedstock for biodiesel manufacturing. There are various methods for extracting the oil from algae, such as mechanical pressing, hexane solvent extraction etc. The paper discusses experimental method developed for the extraction of oil from algae which is obtained from open pond system. It is observed that the solvent extraction method recovers almost all the oil and leaves behind only 0.5% to 0.7% residual oil in the raw material. Because of the high percentage of recovered oil, solvent extraction is found to be an effective method for extraction of oils and fats, but is having disadvantage of being costly as compared to expeller method. An experimental investigation shows that expeller pressing method can recover 75% of the oil from algae. Even though expeller pressing method is an economical method than the hexane solvent extraction method, further to make this method more effective, some modifications in the design of expeller are required which will increase the recovery of oil.

63 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A combination of thermal, mechanical, biological, chemical, and chemical methods have been used for processing and disposing of slop oil as mentioned in this paper, which is a major source of environmental pollution.
Abstract: Petroleum sludge is a complex mixture containing different quantities of waste oil, waste water, sand, and mineral matter. Petroleum industries are responsible for the generation of large quantities of sludge, which is a major source of environmental pollution. Oily sludges are hazardous wastes according to Environment Protection Act and Hazardous Wastes Handling Rules. These sludges cannot be disposed off as landfill, even if they are de-oiled unless they are totally remediated. Sludges generated by petroleum industries accumulate in crude oil tanks, refinery products tanks, desalters, and elsewhere during oil production and processing. The sludges containing recoverable oil less than 40% are considered as low oil content sludges. These sludges have to be treated and made harmless before disposal. Bioremediation process can be used for this purpose. Generally, the refinery sludges contain oil content more than 40% and several methods are used to separate the oil, water and solids. The recovered oil is pumped back into the refinery process, while the solids and water are supposed to be treated before disposal. Several methods are available for processing and disposing of slop oil such as thermal, mechanical, biological, and chemical. Each method of processing has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is a common practice to utilize a combination of the four methods to maximize the output of usable oil from sludge. The first step in the process of disposing of the sludge is reclamation. In order to extract as much oil from the sludge as possible, a combination of chemicals and deemulsifiers is used. Topmost layers of oil are collected by the use of pumps and barges. The separation of the sludge is done with a centrifuge. The oil recovered is then delivered to a refinery or sold in the market. Hard particles, from which oil cannot be recovered, must then be disposed of. Hard particles are disposed of by the following ways: Incinerating unusable sludge (hard hydrocarbons-based substances mixed with water and emulsions) and harnessing heat and gases. Dehydration of sludge – the cleaned water is returned to the environment, and the hard particles are buried. Use of consolidating solutions for turning the sludge into a solid state. The solids can then be used in building projects. Use of Sludge as heat source. Biological remediation. The use of surfactants and emulsifiers will break up the old sludge and allow it to be removed from the container. Rhamnolipids, as a natural surfactant are useful in extracting these oil sludges and recovering them for use. These recovered sludges containing the rhamnolipid surfactants have most of the main properties of the original oil except for less viscosity.

60 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the most effective and efficient way to extract valuable constituent botanicals as mentioned in this paper. But it is not suitable for solvents with high temperature and high pressure.
Abstract: Supercritical fluid extraction is the most effective and efficient way to extract valuable constituent botanicals. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids that is CO2 as the extracting solvent. CO2 is the king of extraction solvents for botanicals. Extraction conditions for supercritical CO2 are above the critical temperature of 31°C and critical pressure of 74 bar. Supercritical fluids are highly compressed gases, which have combined properties of gases and liquids in an intriguing manner. Supercritical fluids can lead to reactions, which are difficult or even impossible to achieve in conventional solvents. It is a fast process completed in 10 to 60 minutes. A supercritical fluid can be separated from analyte by simply releasing pressure, leaving almost no trace and yields a pure residue.

56 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, seeds and roots of selected plants namely Tamarindus indica, Catharanthus roseus and Caesalpinia bonducella which are used in the Ayurvedic traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes were tested for their inhibitory effect on α-amylase.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and its type II is the major form of diabetes, accounting for 90% of cases worldwide. The management of the blood glucose level is a critical strategy in the control of diabetes complications. There are many and diverse therapeutic strategies in the management of Type II diabetes. The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase can be an important strategy to lower postprandial blood glucose levels. Such inhibitors which find application in the clinical practice for management of diabetes are known to be associated with various gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, it is the need of time to identify and explore the amylase inhibitors from natural sources having fewer side effects. In the present study, aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, seeds and roots of selected plants namely Tamarindus indica, Catharanthus roseus and Caesalpinia bonducella which are used in the Ayurvedic traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes were tested for their inhibitory effect on α-amylase. The results revealed that aqueous extracts of leaves of T.indica 9 mg/mL, extracts from the stems and roots of C. roseus and C. bonducella (9 mg/mL) exhibited significant (more than 70%) reduction in amylase activity. The highest inhibition i.e. 87.26% was observed at a concentration of 9mg/mL with the aqueous extract of seeds of C. bonducella.

47 citations

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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Journal in previous years
YearPapers
20212
20196
201845
201789
2016304
2015147