Showing papers in "International Journal of Control and Automation in 2016"

Classifying Driving Fatigue Based on Combined Entropy Measure Using EEG Signals

Abstract: Driving fatigue is a common occupational hazard for any long distance or professional driver, and fatigue detecting has major implications for transportation safety. Monitoring physiological signal while driving can provide the possibility to detect the fatigue and give the necessary warning. In this paper, fifty subjects participated in driving simulations experiment with their recorded EEG signals to induce two kinds of fatigue states: Alert and drowsy. Two nonlinear methods, approximate Entropy (AE) and Sample Entropy (SE), were used to characterize irregularity and complexity of EEG data. Subsequently Support Vector Machine (SVM) was applied to classify these two fatigue states. The experimental result shows that two complexity parameters are significantly decreased as the fatigue level increases. The result indicates that both of two nonlinear indicators can be used to characterize driver fatigue level. Furthermore, the combined measure feature results in higher classification accuracy, indicating the proposed classification method is more robust and effective, compared with single complexity measure.

A Field Study to Evaluate Runoff Quantity from Blue Roof and Green Blue Roof in an Urban Area

Abstract: This study evaluated performance for runoff management of the Blue roof and Green blue roof comparing monitoring data measured at two low impact development (LID) facilities and control roof in Seoul metropolitan area. From the results these two roofs proved as suitable stormwater management practices in urban areas. For this purposes, Blue roof and Green-blue roof were installed at Seoul City Hall Annex Seosomun and Cheong-un middle school respectively. The data used for this study were collected during the actual storm events of more than 30 mm/hr and 60 mm/hr rainfall intensity in July and September 2014 at green blue roof and blue roof. During different actual storm events, rainfall runoff outflow was measured from blue roof was 0.45 l/s as compared to common roof where outflow was 1.55 l/s. While on the other hand, the outflow from green blue roof was 0.1 l/s to as compared to control roof where the runoff outflow was 0.3 l/s. Results also indicated the peak flow reduction in both types of roofs. From the results, it was found that Green blue roof is capable of handling effectively long duration rain events than blue roof. However, the blue roof is inexpensive than green blue roof and suitable option for retrofitting in urban areas. These results also revealed that Blue roof and Green blue roof could be applied to urban buildings as the suitable management practices for rainfall runoff management in urban areas. At the end, from theoretical analysis some suggestions are also made which could be apply for the more safe sustainable drainage system of an urban area.

When an Inescapable Accident of Autonomous Vehicles is Looming

Abstract: A system for a real-time estimation of vehicle accident potential damages is proposed with the aim of facilitating autonomous vehicle's embedded computer system to come to the least harmful possible decision if it realizes that an accident is unavoidable. The system analyzes all the possible crashes so the autonomous vehicle will make a decision what the least destructive option is.

Low Hardware Complexity QCA Decoding Architecture Using Inverter Chain

Abstract: This paper presents a quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) 3-8 decoder with low hardware complexity. The proposed architecture is based on inverter chains to get inverse value and cross over a wire. We also use 5-input majority voting gates for 3-input AND gates. In this paper, we focus on the hardware complexity to reduce the number of cells and minimize wasting an area. Our architecture has not only an excellent regularity and scalability but a strong signal strength so that it is easy to extend a structure and connect with other circuit.

Conceptual Design of Intelligent Traffic Light Controller

Abstract: More than a few aspects should be taken into consideration when drawing up plans for a traffic light system. If the planners disregard some of these aspects, the traffic light might be not just ineffective, but even more – it might harm the flow of the traffic, might increase the carbon emission and the severest – it might cause vehicle accidents. With the aim of confronting this challenging objective, we suggest in this paper a scheme for a functional intelligent traffic light system model.

The effects of parameter variation in open-loop and closed-loop control scheme for an electro-hydraulic actuator system

Abstract: It is well known that the EHA system is exposed to the disturbances,uncertainties,and parameter variations which are caused by the changes in operating conditions for instance,total moving mass,supply pressure,servo-valve gain,bulk modulus,leakage coefficient,and friction.These problems pose to a great challenge in modelling and controller development for an EHA system.Degradation of the desired performance can be imposed if an improper control strategy is utilized.This paper discusses the fundamental study on the significant effect that leads to degradation of EHA system performance due to variation in the system parameters.A nonlinear EHA system model is developed and implemented in the simulation studies in open-loop and closed-loop control configuration.The finding shows that the servovalve gain resulted the most influential parameters to the EHA system performance as compared to the total moving mass and supply pressure parameters.In order to overcome these issues,the utilized controller should be robust enough to overcome the entire operating range that against such disturbances,uncertainties,and parameter variations.Therefore,a nonlinear and the intelligent control approach may be necessary to be designed in order to overcome these difficulties.

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery for Algal Bloom Monitoring in River Basin

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to enhance control capability of river water quality and environment by developing algal bloom monitoring technology using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The study acquired remote sensing data using UAV on the midstream area of Nakdong River, one of four major rivers in South Korea. The study also conducted water quality analysis and spectral reflectance measuring in the field to identify emergence aspect of phytoplankton in waters of the river and to induce algal bloom detection index equation through wavelength mixing of sensors. The result showed that the result values of algal bloom detection obtained from wavelength band mixing had strong positive correlation with algae standing crops. Besides, the results of analyzing spatial distribution of algal bloom of the overall investigated water area showed that the area of 0.22 km2 ~ 0.26 km2 had severity equivalent to the level of warning (5,000 ~ 1,000,000 cells/mL) in 2015 criteria for issuing algae warnings. It is expected that when this remote water quality and pollution monitoring technology is applied in the field, it would be able to improve capabilities to deal with the river water quality and pollution at the early stage.

Hydraulic Quadruped Robot Joint Force Control Based on Double Internal Model Controller

Abstract: In order to improve the servo accuracy of hydraulic quadruped robot electro-hydraulic servo actuators during operation, the load characteristic of equivalent model of electro-hydraulic servo actuators with swing phase and support phase was analyzed, respectively, the compound control strategy including flow compensator, velocity compensator, internal model controller, and improved internal model controller was proposed, the dynamic performance of system was guaranteed by internal model controller, the accuracy was further improvement by improved internal model controller. The composite control strategy was verified by robot single leg test platform, the experiment results show that the deviation and phase lag of response curve with flow compensation, velocity compensation and internal model controller was less than ±5% and 18°, respectively, the value of phase lag can be further reduced to 7°by the improved internal model controller, and the efficiency of the proposed control strategy was verified.

The Path Planning Algorithm Studying about UAV Attacks Multiple Moving Targets based on Voronoi Diagram

Abstract: In order to solve the path planning problem about UAV attack multiple moving targets under dynamic environment, analytical method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Voronoi diagram method is used to create threat field, and the total planning cost is established. Then, the artificial potential field method and the dijkstra algorithm is improved and optimized respectively. For the track point outside the Voronoi diagram, the artificial potential field method is used to generate the local track. For the track point inside the Voronoi diagram, the dijkstra algorithm is used to track the moving target tracking along the side of Voronoi diagram, and the analytical method that UAV path planning method of moving target under dynamic environment is put forward. Finally, the simulation experiment is conducted, the result of simulation shows that the Voronoi diagram method can become complex airspace into division problems, the search space is reduced effectively, the time of planning is shorten, and the UAV real-time tracking and precision strikes against multiple moving targets can be resolved efficiently.

Research of AGV Scheduling and Path Planning of Automatic Transport System

Abstract: This paper focuses on AGV scheduling and path planning of automatic transport system. Using the topological modeling method to build an electronic map; based on A* (A-Star) algorithm and complex scheduling strategies to solve single AGV path planning, this paper presents a one-way graph path based planning algorithm which solves the problem of multi-AGV path planning, avoids system conflicts and enhances system stability. And the algorithm is verified by the AGV automatic transport management system, which is based on VC++6.0 and SQL Server.

Robust Control of Vehicle Active Suspension System

Abstract: In order to improve the road handling and passenger comfort of a vehicle, suspension is provided. An active suspension is considered to be better than a passive suspension. In this paper, 2 degree of freedom model of quarter car active suspension system is designed, which is subjected to road disturbance. Due to the fact that strong nonlinearity inherently exist in the spring ,damper and actuator components, therefore nonlinear effects must be taken into account in designing the controller for practical suspension systems. Since parametric uncertainty in the spring, damper and actuator has been considered, therefore robust control is used. H∞and µ- synthesis controllers are used to improve the ride comfort and road handling ability of the car as well as to check the robust performance of the system. The results shows that both controllers give good performance, but µ synthesis controller has superior robust performance as compared to H∞ controller as well as settling time of body acceleration and suspension deflection is also minimum with µ synthesis controller.

A Comparison of Different Hybrid Direct Current Circuit Breakers for Application in HVDC System

Abstract: This paper presents the comparison between two topologies of hybrid direct current circuit breaker (HDCCB) that are designed by ABB and Alstom Grid. The main difference between two topologies is the use of the semiconductor in each topology. ABB used IGBT cells whereas Alstom Grid used IGBT cells and thyristors. The working principles of each topology are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are shown in this study. Two HDCCB topologies are implemented in MATLAB / Simulink to clarify the comparison. The effect of the time delay in the topology of Alstom Grid is also discussed in this study.

Synchronization of a Novel Class of Fractional-Order Uncertain Chaotic Systems via Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller

Abstract: In this work an adaptive sliding mode controller in the presence of uncertainty, as well as the external disturbance is considered. A concise introduction and investigation of the dynamic behavior of a novel class of chaotic systems with fractional order derivatives for synchronization is presented. It is supposed that the high bounds of uncertainty and external disturbance are unknown. The proposed controller is designed based on error dynamics and acceptable adaptive laws. The sliding mode dynamic stability and the condition to start sliding are proved by Lyapunov stability theory. With this new proposed approach, Chen and Lorenz system with fractional order derivatives are synchronized. Finally, simulation results with MATLAB software showed that the designed comparative sliding mode controller was able to synchronize chaotic systems with fractional order derivatives in the presence of the mentioned adverse factors. The main characteristic of the proposed method compared to other methods is providing acceptable adaptive laws for satisfactory functioning against uncertainty and external disturbance and eliminate the chattering phenomenon for synchronization of non-identical chaotic systems with fractional order derivatives.

Low Area Complexity Demultiplexer Based on Multilayer Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

Abstract: Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. A quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA) is one of the attractive alternative technology among nanotechnology solutions. Demultiplexer is used in communication systems to convert the serial data to the parallel data. A demultiplexer receives the output signals from the multiplexer. For that reason, it is important components for making integrated circuit. This work target is designing a high optimized demultiplexer in QCA framework. We proposed designs of 1:2 and 1:4 demultiplexer and the simulation results reveal that our proposed designs have significant improvements, such as low complexity and power consumption aspects.

HSTL IO Standards Based Processor Specific Green Counter Design on 90nm FPGAAbhay Saxena

Abstract: Extending battery life and increase in portability of modern electronic devices and gadgets are the main motives behind the Green Computing which is also known by similar terms like energy efficient design or low power design or green design. Such efficiency is only possible if all the components of processor are also energy efficient. In this work, the researchers tried to analyze the energy optimization possibility in counter design by selection of energy efficient IO standards. The researchers had used High Speed Transceiver Logic for the purpose of energy efficient counter design on Spartan3 (90nm) FPGA (field-programmable gate array) using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) hardware description language along with the Xilinx ISE simulator for the analysis and synthesis of counters. Spartan 3 with 90 nm low power is used to achieve substantial power savings. Here, researchers have used five different HSTL IO standards for this work. The standards used are HSTL_I, HSTL_III, HSTL_III_18, HSTL_III_DCI and HSTL_II_18. With these sets of IO standards, Researchers had run their counter design on various device operating frequencies (1.0 GHz to 4.0 GHz). The results clearly indicate that this dynamic frequency (1.0 GHz in lieu of 4.0 GHz) scaling had saved 45% of total power.

A two-dimensional fault diagnosis model of induction motors using a gabor filter on segmented images

Abstract: This article was published in the International Journal of Control and Automation [© 2016 SERSC ] and the definite version is available at :http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.1.02 The Journal's website is at:http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJCA/vol9_no1/2.pdf

A Policy Based Management of a Smart Adaptive QoS for the Dynamic and Multipoint Virtual Private Network

Abstract: The IP Virtual Private Network technology is increasingly being used due to its efficiency in terms of cost, its availability and its high security level, companies deploy multiple secure tunnels and send through them different traffics, in order to guaranty a reliable level of communication and the availability of resources, many qualities of service’s policies must be defined. According to our research, most of works treat only the problematic of the Quality of Service management in a site to site Virtual Private Network, this was an incentive for us to: design and implement a new model of a smart adaptive quality of service management for the dynamic and multipoint Virtual Private Network, and create a new friendly-user web application to facilitate the quality of service management for such complex networks. This paper discusses a new model for the policy-based management of a smart adaptive quality of service for the Dynamic and Multipoint Virtual Private Network using a new WEB interface.

An Experimental Study on the Vibration of the Low-Speed Maglev Train Moving on the Guideway with Sag Vertical Curves

Abstract: The low-speed maglev transportation technology is becoming a new type of urban rail transit. The vibration of the train is the crucial point for comfort and performance of the new type transit. The trial operation of the low-speed maglev train shows that a strong vibration of the vehicle may occur when the vehicle moves on the rail with sag vertical curves. In order to analyze and prevent this problem, a multi-sensor low-speed maglev vehicle experimental platform is established. The vibration signals are collected, processed and analyzed by the experiment. We present that the spiral transition curve should be put into the rail to reduce the vibration. The experimental results are included to provide valuable reference for the design and construction of the low-speed maglev transportation line.

SSTL IO Standard Based Low Power Arithmetic Design Using Calana Kalanabhyam on FPGA

Abstract: Vedic mathematics consists of 16 formulas. Calanakalanabhyam is a Sanskrit word meaning “Sequential motion”. Using this Vedic technique, we will find the roots of the equation in few seconds. We have tried to make an energy efficient Calanakalanabhyam Vedic formula based root finder with 4 inputs and 2 outputs. We have taken different SSTL Input/Output Standards and have done Study of Power by varying frequencies. SSTL Input/Output Standards used in this paper are SSTL15, SSTL18_II, SSTL135, SSTL12, SSTL18_I. The code has been implemented on 28nm FPGA platform, XC7K160T device, FBG676 package and -3 speed grade. With our proposed technique, we have 41-60% achieved reduction in total consumption of power with frequency scaling.

GA-Support Vector Regression Based Ship Traffic Flow Prediction

Abstract: The observation and forecasting of vessel traffic flow is the foundmental of design for ships’ routeing system. An integrated Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Support Vector Machine (SVM) model for vessel traffic flow forecasting with input factors selection procession is presented in this paper. GA based SVM forecasting model is established whose parameters were optimized through genetic algorithms. Finally, the prediction model is used for ningbo-zhoushan port and the prediction result shows that the improved model reflects the actual growth of vessel traffic flow trend more reasonable and effectively.

Particle Swarm Optimization Applied to Generalized Predictive Control of a Solar Power Plant

Abstract: In this paper, generalized predictive control based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-GPC) was applied to the control of linear Fresnel distributed collector system, of which the purpose was to reduce the system error in the dynamic process. The main goal of solar thermal power generation system control was to control the collector outlet temperature in a certain range. Using the the rate of heat transfer oil in heat collector as input, outlet temperature as output and solar radiation intensity as a disturbance signal, model of Controlled Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average(CARIMA ) was established. The control task of generalized predictive control (GPC) was to make the actual outlet temperature of systems as close as possible to the desired output trajectory. Gradient optimization without constraints was used to obtain the optimal control input, and gradient optimization with constraints and PSO optimization were matched with each other. A multi-mode hybrid optimization method was formed, which can obtain the optimal control increment of system quickly and accurately. GPC and PSO-GPC technology was applied to Lanzhou 200kW linear Fresnel solar thermal power generation demonstration system. Through the simulation results obtained from actual data we can see that the PSO-GPC control technology can reduce the error of the system dynamic process compared to GPC control technology.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles-based Health Monitoring System for Prevention of Disaster in Activities of the Mountain

Abstract: Recently, interest in unmanned aerial vehicle as drones is increased, the utilization field has expanded. A FANET (Flying Ad-hoc Network) is a network for transferring data using unmanned aircraft in three-dimensional space, and a WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) is a network formed around the human body. Until now, studies on the fusion of FANET and WBAN were not done much, therefore, in this study, as research on the fusion of WBAN and FANET, we study how to collect people’s health data through the WBAN and transfer the collected data to a base station through the FANET. Specifically, we study a method for monitoring human-life disasters in areas that are vulnerable to communication difficulties, e.g., mountains and islands, and we design and implement an efficient data-transmission system.

Analysis and Improvement of ECC-based Grouping-proof Protocol for RFID

Abstract: RFID grouping-proof protocols draw high attention as RFID technology is being widely applied. This paper proposes an improved ECC-based grouping-proof protocol on the basis of studying the grouping-proof protocol proposed by Batina et al. to solve the problems of existing grouping-proof protocols, such as low grouping-proof efficiency and being vulnerable to impersonation attacks, tracking attacks, and other security threats. First of all, this paper proved that the protocol by Batina et al. is vulnerable to impersonation attacks and tracking attacks. Secondly, the proposed improved groupingproof protocol was described and analyzed. Malicious query of tags has been prevented because a new function of reader verification by tags is added to the existing protocols. Finally, the security performance of the proposed protocol was proved and a comparison with the protocols proposed in the references was made. As the theoretical analysis and comparison reveal, the scheme, with a significantly enhanced security and performance compared with similar schemes, meets the requirements for security and privacy.

Implementation of Protocol Conversion Control Board for Industrial Communication

Abstract: Recently, many industrial instruments faced the problem of protocol compatibility with the external monitoring and control system. This is due to different environments, field bus devices and protocols. Therefore, it needs to deal with the problem on how to communicate with each other between different protocols. For this purpose, this study is implemented in the main control board and sub-communication board to support the industrial communication protocol conversion. The sub-communication board is designed to ensure the communication connection of CAN bus and Ethernet. The ATmega 2560 microcontroller is used as the processor of the main control board and 4 RS485 serial slots for sub-board are placed too. One of those is used to communicate CAN bus and Ethernet. The sub-communication board is consisted of the ATmega 128 microcontroller, CAN Transceiver and Ethernet connecter. The performance test results have successfully showed the transmission and conversion.

Phenomenological Modeling And Classic Control Of A Pneumatic Muscle Actuator System

Abstract: This paper focuses on the parameter characterization of phenomenological modelling for commercially available Festo Fluidic Muscle Actuator. Phenomenological model consists of a spring element, nonlinear damping element and a contractile force element which arranged in parallel. The dynamic model was tested on the experimental setup which allows precise and accurate contraction due to the supply of pressure (P) to the PMA. The open loop data were collected for static load study and contraction study at several constant pressures. Only the contraction experiment was focused in this study by excluding the relaxation phase of the experiment. The result obtained shows that at constant pressure, the muscle actuator behaves like a spring and a nonlinear damping element. The contractile force coefficient element is the corresponding force generated by the muscle during contraction in longitudinal direction. Since, pressure is the main driving element in PMA system, all the coefficient value has a pressure dependent relationship. The model and parameters obtained from the study were further validated by predicting the contraction of the muscle system via simulation and experimental. Then, a classical PID control system was designed and validated in point-to-point positioning motion experimentally. Finally, a brief conclusion of the pneumatic muscle actuator experimental setup and dynamic system modeling is made.

Survey of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photo-Voltaic Array

Abstract: In order to increase the output power of photo-voltaic power generation rapidly and accurately, it is necessary to track output of the maximum power. This paper summarizes the methods of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), and points out the limitations and notes of the MPPT methods. Meanwhile, the double perturb-and-observation method and iterative comparison method are elaborated in this paper. Finally, the study direction in the future is prospected.