International Journal of Crashworthiness 

About: International Journal of Crashworthiness is an academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Poison control & Crashworthiness. It has an ISSN identifier of 1358-8265. Over the lifetime, 1454 publications have been published receiving 19457 citations. The journal is also known as: Crashworthiness.

A comprehensive failure model for crashworthiness simulation of aluminium extrusions

Abstract: A correct representation of the plastic deformation and failure of individual component parts is essential to obtaining accurate crashworthiness simulation results The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive approach for predicting failure in a component based on macroscopic strains and stresses This approach requires the use of a number of different failure mechanism representations, such as necking (due to local instabilities), as well as ductile and shear fracture All failure criteria have been developed in a way to include the influence of non-linear strain paths The effectiveness of this approach in predicting failure is then discussed by comparing numerical results with test data by three point bending and axial compression tests of double chamber extrusion components All studies presented in this paper were carried out on extrusions made from aluminium alloy EN AW-7108 T6

The creation of three-dimensional finite element models for simulating head impact biomechanics

Abstract: A new 3 dimensional finite element representation of the human head complex has been constructed for simulating the transient occurrences of simple pedestrian accidents. This paper describes the development, features and validation of that model. When constructing the model, emphasis was placed on element quality and ease of mesh generation. As such, a number of variations of the model were created. The model was validated against a series of cadaveric impact tests. A parametric study (a High/Low study) was performed to investigate the effect of the bulk and shear modulus of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The influence of different mesh densities on the models and the use of different element formulations for the skull were also investigated. It was found that the short-term shear modulus of the neural tissue had the predominant effect on intracranial frontal pressure, and on the predicted Von-Mises response. The bulk modulus of the fluid had a significant effect on the contre-coup pressure when the CSF was modelled using a coupled node definition. Differences of intracranial pressure were reported that show the sensitivity of the method by which the skull is modelled. By simulating an identical impact scenario with a range of different finite element models it has been possible to investigate the influence of model topologies. We can conclude that careful modelling of the CSF (depth/volume) and skull thickness (including cortical/ trabecular ratio) is necessary if the correct intracranial pressure distribution is to be predicted, and so further forms of validation are required to improve the finite element models' injury prediction capabilities.

Evaluation of head injury criteria using a finite element model validated against experiments on localized brain motion, intracerebral acceleration, and intracranial pressure

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of different load directions and durations following impact using a finite element (FE) model of the human head. A detailed FE model of ...

Influence of FE model variability in predicting brain motion and intracranial pressure changes in head impact simulations

Abstract: In order to create a useful computational tool that will aid in the understanding and perhaps prevention of head injury, it is important to know the quantitative influence of the constitutive properties, geometry and model formulations of the intracranial contents upon the mechanics of a head impact event. The University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model (UCDBTM) [1] has been refined and validated against a series of cadaver tests and the influence of different model formulations has been investigated. In total six different model configurations were constructed: (i) the baseline model, (ii) a refined baseline model which explicitly differentiates between grey and white neural tissue, (iii) a model with three elements through the thickness of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer, (iv) a model simulating a sliding boundary, (v) a projection mesh model (which also distinguishes between neural tissue) and (vi) a morphed model. These models have been compared against cadaver tests of Trosseille [2] an...

Human head tolerance limits to specific injury mechanisms

Abstract: This study presents an original numerical human head model followed by there modal and temporal validation against human head vibration analysis in vivo and cadaver impact tests. The human head FE model developed by ULP presents two particularities : one at the brain-skull interface level were fluid-structure interaction is taken into account, the other at the skull modelling level by integrating the bone fracture simulation. Validation shows that the model correlated well with a number of experimental cadaver tests and predicted intra-cranial pressure accurately. However, for long duration impacts the model reaches its limits. The skull stiffness and fracture force were accurately predicted when compared with experimental values from the literature. This improved numerical human head surrogates has then be used for numerical real world accident reconstruction. Helmet damage from thirteen motorcycle accidents was replicated in drop tests in order to define the head's loading conditions. A total of twenty two well documented American football head trauma have been reconstructed as well as twenty eight pedestrian head impacts. By correlating head injury type and location with intra-cerebral mechanical field parameters, it was possible to derive new injury risk curves relative to specific injury mechanisms.